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Suneee (RKO) to buy Kaimasen, (kai-mah-sen) "shall not buy (it). 2.4.3, Kaimasu ka? (hai noiss ah) will You buy (it? Are you going to buy (yp AVES ty Kaimashita. (éai-matssi-tah) | bought (it). He/She bought (it) iL: Kaitai desu. (kai-tai dess) I want to buy (this). 2-071" Kaimash6. (kai-matr-show) Let's buy (it). 2.¥ kL 4% Katte kudasai. bahay << Pere es Ee La aan (cre ss) What do you want to buy? Nani o kaitai desu ka? (na Please buy it for me. Watashi ni katte kudasal Where did you buy that? Sore o doko de k Did you buy this at a department store? Kore o depato de kaimashita ka? (oe-ray oh day-pal-o day kai-mahsshtah ka What did you buy? ve Nano kaimashita ha? (noh-ee oka mash th ah BE kaimone (icine shopping sic {want to go shoppi Kaimono nik Let's go shopping. 2108 I 8kL Kimono ni ikimasho. (kien nee ee-he-nash sho | Did you go shopping? sister ic Ls . | Kaimono ni ikimashita ki (kai: moe-no nee ee-kee-mahssh-tahkah) ‘ike shoppin; Kaimono ga suki desu! (a-moe-no gah sides Dealing with Japanized English 25000 foreign words, mostly from English, have begy sam he panes langage, and ate OW a8 como ae ae Tapanese ters, But this massive adoption gf iy mae mich ae 0a ae rae odd preter sa all ofl adopted Englnh wor are writen an pronounced according Japmnese pronunciation. That is, each Word is broken up ing Jepaneeeylables that re then written or pronounced in the noe thal Tapanese way. Tis means that a simple English Word ike ike becomes sutoraiki (sue-oe-rey-kee) AbF-(2%, “milk becomes miruku (miruku) ‘Motte imasu, (noa-taye-mahss) | UHe/She/They have, &.2°¢ 1+ Motte imasen. (moar say e-mah-sen) Vdonothave, boo WEA, Do you have any Japanese money? (idk © Bie bow} Nihon no o-kane 0 motte imas ka? (neeshone no olvkal-nay o moat-tay e-mals kah) No, I don't have any). 2° UEAEA. Mote imasen. (noat-ay-e-mal-sen) Do youhave any dollars? i & oc | Dor o motte imasu ka? (doe-rue oh moat-ayee-mahss kah) Et ds “Yes, Ihave. 80°C (SE | Motte imasu, (moar-tay ee-mahss) What do you have? ‘Nani o motte imasu ki {nah-nee oh moat-tay ee-mahss kah) Bl yobu pee 00) to call (out to someone, call a taxi, ete.) | Yobimasu, ve deems) | shall call (someone). 05 =) | Yobimasen. (we-deemah-sn) {do not cal. shall not call, J-0s:E A. | Yobimasu ka? (oe-beemanss ka Wilyou cally xt} | Vobimashita, ede matsi wah Vealled, 05 21%, ; cen Let's call (someone). ics £115, me) onde kudasai “St aaa hadi Please call (person's name), Mt EAD Ce & boT VET my, Did you call me? I-08 ¢|. f= Yobimashita ka? (yo¢-bee-mahssh-tah kal) Who called me? Yak DRL & LORE my Donata ga watashi o yobimashita ka? (doe-nahtah gah wah-tah.she oh yoe-bee-mahssh-tah kab) wah) telephone 0 shimasu. (den-wah oh she-mahss) | shal telephone youhin/her/the company) hb & Uk ‘wah oh she-mahssh-tah) UHe/She telephoned. & LELit. | st ‘ot she-mah-sen) | do not telephone. | shall not telephone. Tab & LEA, 1 did not call. He/She did not call. Th & LERA Lh, | aS Sha SH enna oh sense Iwant to telephone. | want to make a call, Th & LAY cH, |i ish. strato Letstelephone. A> & LELLD. Wis there a telephone call (tor me)? | Denwa Sitka? Perec eh abree-mahsshtahkah) Please telephone me. Chi & LC Dena oshite kudasal (den-wah oh she-tay koo-dah: sai) Please telephone him (her). bo VE I Cab & LT ) Kakimasen, (iai-kee-mah-sen) 'do not write, | shall not write. 2.2 2/. Kakimasen deshita. (4ah-tee-mah-sen dessh-tah) Idid not write. meee CLE Kakimasu ka? (éah-kee-matss kah) Do you write? Will you write? 2.23} A, Kakimashita, (iah-kee-mahssh-1ah) He/She wrote. #8 EL 7. Iwant to write abook. (EA & dius “Ch Hon o kakitai desu. (hone of kah-kee-tai ess) Please write your name here. BEX & WT SRE, (Koe-koe nee nah-my oh kai-tay koo-dah-sai) Where do I write my name? wER E DEET Dy "Namae o doko ni kakimasu ka? (nah-my oh doe-koe nee kah-kee-mahss kah) Itis written down. iC Yt. Kaite arimasu, (kai-tay al-ree-mahss) Please write it down. #1 °C <7 Kate kudasal. (kai-tay koo-dah-sai) [Ei cekirw ary-teese to be able to do, can do | Dekimasu. (day-kee-makss) Vean do (it. CEE | Dekimasen. (day-kee-mah-sen) I cannot do (it). CSE. | Dekimasu ka? (day-kee-mahss kal) Can you/he/she do (it)? C= E42. | Dekimashita. (-tee-mahssh-tah) WHe/She did (it). <= £7 Can you do something (about it)? tek SET Nanika dekimasu ka? (nah-nee kah day-kee-mahss ka) Can you do it? CAE Pa. Dekimasu ka? (day-kee-mahs kah) UHe/She cannot do it, C= EA, Dekimasen. (iay-kee-mah-sen) He/She cannot do anything (about it). lb THERA, | Nanimo dekimasen.(nathnee moe day-kee-mal-sen) KYB (Hy00) today 1.5 Can you do it today? * : 7 Kyo deki ka? (k’y0e day-kee-mahss kah) Remember iku (ee-koo) 1 <, meaning “to £0"? Tkimasu (ce-hee.mahss) He/She going. 1% hero are youwe/they going today? Ky0 doko ni ikimasu ka? (’y0e doe-koe nee ee-kee-mahss kah) ‘Today I'm (we're/they're) not going anywhere. 5 ED Ie & ERA Ky0 doko ni mo ikimasen. (k’y0e doe-koe nee moe ee-kee-mah-sen) ashita (ahssh-1ah) tomorrow bi Can you do it by tomorrow? bli ¥C KE CHET Dy Ashita made ni dekimasu ka? (ahssh-tah mah-day nee day-kee-mahss kah) ‘Made (mah-day) °C means “until,” but made ni (mah. day nee) €°C\E means “by.” Where would you like to go tomorrow? bli USE ER TT my, Ashita doko ni ikitai desu ka? (ahssh-tah doe-koe nee ee-kee-tai dess ka) English 24° | prosounc thee of eigo lke “a” inthe familiar ABCs, or asin “hay” | Can you speak (literally: “do”) English? Wo a CaET t igo ga demas kx? (40 ga day-ee-mahs kaj (nee-hone-g0) | Japanese (=13/.— | cannot speak (literally: “cannot do") Japanese, BAC CREE, Nihongo g dekimasen,(neehone-g0 sh day-he-mah-sen Levels of Politeness in Japanese Japanese, like a number of other languages, has more than one level of polite speech tat involves vocabulary, word endings, and ‘even a change in tone and physical posture. Among friends and. family the so-called “plain form” is used, but for situations out- side these immediate circles, the Japanese normally use the “politeneutral” form. This also the appropriate level to be used by non-Japanese in most situations Unless otherwise indicated, all phrases inthis book are pre- sented in the polte-neutral form, For very formal occasions. tra polite forms of Japanese are used. These are referred to a8 Kelgo (ay-e-g0) ($US, which is generally translated as “honor- fies,” in reerence to “high level" Japanese people. Humble Japanese, hich you use when referring to yourself, is also kind ‘of keigo, On the ultra-poite level, “to be” (desu) be-comes de Roraimasy (day go-zaimahss) CSV vf} ‘There are many othe extremely polite forms and words. FOr ‘example, there are three different words for “say”: the humble © ‘mds (moe-sue) 45°F; the standard fu (yo0) (3, and the ultra Polite ossharu (oh-shah.rue) 33-1 7%, Adding o- or go- before Some nouns, adjectives and adverbs makes them (and your speech) extra polite, Japan’s famous rice wine, sake (sah-kay) S11 is often called o-sake (oh-sah-kay) £317 Japan's different levels of speech developed because ofa feu- dal social system in which rank was expressed by both speech forms and rituals, including kneeling or sitting on the floor and ‘bowing. The level of speech that was appropriate in any situation was determined by the social postions of the people involved. ‘Age and gender were also key elements, The physical etiquette and manner of speaking developed by the ruling samurai class was so precise and comprehensive that it {ook years to learn and required constant attention for it to be per formed properly. Failure to speak in an accepted manner to @ Superior was avery serious offense. In some cases it could result inthe death penalty ‘Women, especially older women, will normally use a higher level of speech than men even in ordinary circumstances. In infor- ‘mal situations, men (except those who ate highly cultured) com> ‘monly use a rougher, coarser level of Japanese that may sound like a dialect to untutored ears. A number of Japan's traditional ‘occupations, such as that of the geisha (gay-e-sha) [FL -, hhave their own language with distinctive vocabulary and ways of speaking. ‘The ubiquitous -san (sah) &/. that is stached tothe end of names i the equivalent of Mr. Mrs..or Miss. Its very important to use -san even in situations calling for ordinary polite speech because not using it may be considered rude insulting, arrogant, ‘or worse. However, you should note that honorific prefies and words are generally not used when refering to oneself or one's {amily members. For example, you should never introduce your selfas “So & Sosan.” 6 fue Words 71-80 EE kato fe tore) = many <> How many do you have? How many are there? | thutsu arimasu ka? (ee-Koot-sue ah-ree-mass ka) Bh ita ecrne) to need, want 10% | Irimasu. (ceree-mafss) I need (something). | \") => | Brimasen. (ceree-mah-sen) I dont need (i. 109 | Trimasu ka? (ec-ree-mahss kah) Do you need {it}? |!) + | Trimashita, (e-re. cabs I needed (it). | fe, How many do you need? How many do you want? Mo WEF de hutsu irimasu ka? (ce-koor-sue ee-ree-mahss ka) Do you need this? Do you want this? Be VDET dh imasu ka? (koe-ray gah ee-ree-mahss ka) _- | don't want it.I don’t n rimasen. (ee-ree-mai-sen) Fb Waka wat-tohne) to.understand, to know, to be clear #2 )/WaKrimasu. (vai tareematss) Fem 9 ) Wakrimasen. at-iahecmatsen) 1 do not understand, I dont know. #7 2 Wakarimasu ka? (wah-kat-ree-mahss kat Do you understand? inns Wakarimashita. (wai-tat-ree-mahssh-iah) | (have) understood. | understand, 27! Did you understand (me)? 7-9 kL 2 ‘Wakarimashita ka? (ioh-Kal-ree-mahash-tah kah) Idid not understand. 2.9%3tA, CLP. ‘Wakarimasen deshita. (ixh-kah-ree-mah-sen dessh-tah) Do you know her name? BD VE O EX MK biz ‘Ano ito no namae ga wakarimasu ka? (ah-no-ssh-toe no nah-may gah wal-kah-ree-mahss kah) No, I don’t know (it), 20% Wakarimasen. (wal-kah-ree-mal-sen) REREEBANGD (Cohn/bahn-g0) After fen ony the Ch , | combination often plus one jie thee) | number/numbers [0/1/05 5, twelve is ten plus two fini joorne and so | Thee are wo es of number in apes One st nad | cecum ty of original Japanese terms) 0s ony from one through ah three tens sana (shan.joo) and The other set, which was adopted from China, is complete Hh Petes) ole | 12 jO-ni (joo-nee) ti atc meee [erie Ewben 4 Pte) | fieshi Goo-she) 1. hitotsu (he-te-r'ue) vrs i = [2 soos | 3 mits mcersue) Kes 17 j-nana joo-nah-nah) pe eaveey ie |, Selle ose cee & — mutisu (moorsue) ee aes 7 nanatsu (nah-nah-t'sue) Bee) Jia-ku (jo0-k00) ¢ + eee ee acer 20 ni-j0(nee-joo) teb95 | 8, Kokonotsu (koe-toe-no-tswe) <= 21 nicjW-ichi (nce-joo-ee-chee) Rees 10 t6 (10e) 2 22 niejarni(nee-joo-nee) EL wsic 23 nkjo-san nee-oo-sahn) 24 ndt-yon (ne-joo-yoan) | ijshl nceoo-she) 1 chi (ee-chee) We. | 25 ni-ja-go (nee-joo-go) i | sansa (sahn-joo) [2 meee) ah | ot ae tars icon SABI ae U/kw 2 sanJO-ni(sahejoone) ZA o: £70 teboan & | Olea ng EAC a oe) 3% cles 8 roku(roe-koo) ee Sonim S ate 7 shichinana (she-cheeinal-nah) L's /fe al recline hee ana 8 hachi (hah-chee) (a a cea ne) eS 9 kydlku (koo/cue) . a best (eb ckenon) EEO 10 ja (joo) cw we elec 20300) 100 hyaku (h'yah-koo) | 101 hyakusichi (i'yah-koo-ce-chee) | M2 bya hao nee 120 hyaku ni (A'y0h-koo nee-joo) 121 hyaku-ni-ja-ichi (it’yah-koo nee-joo-ee-chee) 130 hyaku-san-ja (h’yah-koo sahnjoo) 140 hyaku-yon-ja (it'yah-koo yoan-joo) | 200. nichyakw (nce h’yal-koo) 300 san-byaku (sahn b’yah-koo) 500 go-hyaku (g0 h'yal-koo) 600 roppyaku (rope:p'yahi-koo) ke hhappyaku (hape-p'yah-koo) 14000. sen (sen) {ssen (ce-ssen) 1,100 sen-hyaku (sen-h'yal-koo) 41,200 sen-nichyaku (sen-nee-h’yah-koo) 2,000 ni-sen (nce-sen) 3000 san-zen (sain-zen) 5,000 go-sen (go-sen) 8000 hassen (hal-ssen) 11/000. ichi-man-issen (ce-chee-mahnee-ssen) 20000 nk man (nce-mahn) 0,000 go-man (go-nain) 100.000 j6-man (o-makn) 200.000 ni-jo-man (nce-joo-mahn) $00000 | g-j-man goo-mehn) | 10,000 ichi-man (ee-chee-mahn) (h’yal-koo-mahin) Ona A Odie, DCI ORCI gs OCC Sia OeceAt ED Deka trotted th Voth EADS EAIEORS eta SAK th [oth WbEA WeeAVOEM (eeA LEN Caskey LeskX SewaEN BD bitoFi orice ey fone person (i) BB tatari ficcrey two persons.) 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OAL | (yorssyrue-ays you-yor yo) “eyseUntyS eUTel-C nog 24 woo a1eatd 40 “20140 “auoq s.ouoatios s91u9 nox Uoya pasn WLI aI}Od B St SIL, 629 feeder “ow esnoxg ‘Guipnaqui we | (ssypu-oys youryor-yo) “MSBUALYS wUUEE-C MISS (SE loMOY) 49eq eULODIEM, (10s-qou 221-y2-2y-0) {ASEH LAOEY-O Fe 2!2f (iPower 9n,)) jowoy wh, (yom rop-yos) joRULEpeL, 2) F2WOD}eM, jaseuneysseay REA (ss-you-sys-yos-20) ® sppe waxy Susy aii is amin pa pos at ca 1 aouenu jean eameu pur 20804, So amyod 941 01 Spmeaig SMU twossés nnn 208 1p osouede, S®SP1Ud 195 JeID90d0 $a sede snouas © ows sum pus yo samod ay S220 AUEDIUBIS Kg oy on ee ony ays 04-208) mrysa40% $9 papecai ue mo xt asouuyse YEH9U-0 PP NSELNIYS bEIYN wrist ast Peer etre S1g3 ‘fowjod Aion) Uexeods 947 10} Bungewios op) esearg (ssp ays-or-22 618-S04-40 O0y 2201-04) “ASEUITYSEy! 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