INSTITUTT FOR KONSTRUKSJONSTEKNIKK

NTNU

FORMULAS

TKT4175 CONCRETE STRUCTURES 1

Date 15/05/2016

Note! It is not allowed with notes in this document

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE - FLEXURE

Note! All formulas for concrete classes ≤ C50/60

εc σcd

Tc
Neutral-
axis αd MEd

h d z

As
S
εs
b

Cross section Strains Forces/stresses

MOMENT CAPACITY OF CONCRETE COMPRESSION ZONE :

MRd  0,8  1  0,4   fcdbd2

RELATIVE COMPRESSION ZONE DEPTH, α :

Under reinforced : 0,8fcdbd    fyd A s  0

Over reinforced : 0,8fcdbd   2  Es A s cu    Es A s cu  0

cu
Balanced reinforced : bal 
cu   yd
cu
Normal reinforced : 
cu  2 yk
 M 
INTERNAL LEVER ARM : z   1  0,17  Ed   d
 MRd 

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE - TORSION

Required shear links per unit length along beam axis :

Asw TEd
  tan 
s 2A k f ywd
SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE - FLEXURE

UNCRACKED CROSS SECTION , STATE I :

εco σco

αd
N.A = T.A M
h d

As
εs
S

b εcu σcu

Cross section Strains Forces/stresses

Ac  0,5h  Asd
Compression zone depth : d 
Ac  As

2
bh 3  h
Concrete contribution to 2 nd
moment of area : I c1   bh   d  
12  2

Reinforcement contribution to 2nd moment of area : Is1  As   d  d 

2

Flexural stiffness, uncracked cross section :  EI 1  Ecm Ic1  Es Is1

I c1  Is1
Cracking moment : M cr   f ctm
h  d
CRACKED CROSS SECTION, STATE II :

εc σc

Tc
N.A αd M
d
z
h

As
S
εs
b

Cross section Strains Forces/stresses

Es A
Relative compr. zone depth:    2  2   ;  ;  s
Ecm bd

Equivalent 2nd moment of area for concrete (reinforcement included)) :

1  
I c  2  1   bd 3
2  3

Flexural stiffness :  EI 2  Ecm Ic

M  1    d
Reinforcement stress : s  Es 
 EI 2
 COMPR. ZONE DEPTH AND FLEXURAL STIFFNESS FOR T-CROSS SECTIONS
AND CROSS SECTIONS WITH COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT

b + bf
d’
c c

As’ t s ’ Ts
d
y
d f
h M

As
s S

COMPR. ZONE DEPTH :   A 2  2A  2B  A

 d'  t 
where: A       '   f og B    1    f   1  
 d  2d 
A A s' t  bf
;     1    1 '
'
    s ; f
bd bd bd

EQUIVALENT 2ND MOMENT OF AREA FOR CONCRETE:

b  d 
3

  1    bd 3     1  'bd   d  d ' 
2 2
Ic   
3
where
3 2
b  t  b  t  b  t 
 1 f    3 f    3 f  
b  d  b  d  b  d 

AVERAGE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

Eaverage 
 Mi
 (M i Ei )
where

Mi is moment due to load no. i

Ei is effective (long term) modulus of elasticity for load no. i
NEDBØYNINGER PGA KONSTANT SVINNKRUMNING s

s L2
Fritt opplagt : s  ; L = spennvidde
8

s L2
Utkrager : s  ; L = utkragerlengde
2
 SNITTKREFTER OG NEDB0YNING FOR FRITT OPPLAGTE BJELKER

Reaksjonskrefter Maks. moment Nedb¢yning w

I---A---r---B--I Ci suitt x) Ci feltmidte)

qL 2
qL qL -8­
"2 "2 [x = U2]

)!' a 7(
q -i-!~;
AI !
!-'

a c b A2 _1_ qL 4 (5-12a2 +8a4

_ +Aa
1 qc(2b+c) qc(2a+c) 2q 384 El
2L 2L [x a + A/q] -12~2+8~4)

[x = L/f3]

" a r b
Pb Pa L
Pab

[x =a]
1 PL 3
El
( 3a -4a 3 )

(a::; b)

(a = aiL, ~ '" blL)

Verdiene gjelder for EI = konstant. Aile bjelker har lengde L

 SNITTKREFTER OG l'I'EDB0YNING FOR INNSPENTE BJELKER

Reaksjonskrefter Momenter Nedb0yning

/
A = 28 qL ",.
IV1 maks
= _9_ qL 2
128 W maks

ql: I ! 1i y
2/
~ B
5 [x = 0.375 L] [x 0.422 LJ
"77C 8" __ qL2
kl~
8

l'l1maks
= /5
75 q0
L2

[x 0.447 L] [x 0.447 L]
j\1
2
= _1_ qoL 2
15

Pb 2 2
Pa 2b

f
, /
a b ;.l A = _ (a+2L) M3 Pab,_ ( a ·7L)
__ T _
w, 0
2L 3 2L'
:/ B =P -A
...1l.
'"7"7 3 2;:; M2 Pab (a+L)
2L2

qL 2
/' t/ A =B = W
mob
q;t ! i I
! I ! t:
/ I 2~ qL 2
.111) lvl~ =
12

a 2b 2
A = Pb,2 (L + 2a)
21

/.
:;::;1
<
a
f b
--/­

/'
~
L'
B = P -A
M3 2P

ab 2
p­
L3 3EI L

3 M)
L2

Verdiene gjelder for EI =konstant. Alle bjelker har lengde L.

refererer til maksimalt feltmoment (opptrer i snitt x). Ylerk at endemomentene er stl')rre!

 SNITTKREFTER OG NEDB0Yl'IlNG FOR UTKRAGERBJELKER

MA
r /1
\... ~JA
. ----if! 4 Reaksjorrskraft Moment Nedb¢yning Rotasjon
!A
w A MA w e

; .. ~;-

~
/;
i i i i i i iq qL qL2 qL 4 qL3
2 6EI

qod~~ qoL qoL2 qoL 4 qoL3

/' -6­ 30EI

/'
/' ~l qo
%L qoL2 11QoL 4 qoL3
~ -2­
120EI 8EI

\
p PL 3
/'
/';
-;),
Y P PL

Verdiene gjelder for EI = konstant. AIle bjelker har lengde L.

STlVHETSRELASJONER FOR BJELKER

Sk'Jrerkraft V Moment 1M
1

~' ",1
" /____ L _..~ 3EI .8
L"
3EI .8
L
V+ 'V

"'1~"
2 \. ~1 ~)M TT7
6EI .8
L2
4EI
'8
Vl ·V

M""~
I,
/.
~ 777
" ----/\ I
3EI
'n 3 EI . L\
L2
L
V~ ~V

~()M
,.. .
M, /,
Ll /"'"
--~-./
I 12 EI . L\ 6 EI . L\
~ ~ . / L3 L2
V, (v

Verdiene gjelder for EI = konstant. AIle bjelker har L.

 SNITTKREFTER FOR KONTINUERLIGE BJELKER

System og last Maksimalt St¢ttemoment Reaksjons­

feltmoment krefter
(qL2) (qL2) (qL) i

MI 0.0703 ME -0.125 A = 0.375

iii! !I!I!UJU ~ q
M2 =0.0703 B = 1.25
6 I 6 2 6
A B C
1 I. 1 I,

,
I
I MI =0.0957 ME = ­ 0.0625 =
A 0.4375
B = 0.625
i I Ii! I i q
z;: c= 0.0625
6, ~

,1

iii iii I I i l l i! I I I ~q
A = 0.40
MI = 0.080 MB - 0.10
!\ 1 8 2 6 3 U M 2 ::::: 0.025 Me= 0.10 B = 1.10
A B C D
1 1 L ~- M3 0.080 C == 1.10
I " D 0.40
i

MI = 0.101 M B = 0.050
M3 =0.101 Me = - 0.050
A
L)' 6 f::::. 6 C =0.55
D '" 0.45

M2 =Om5 MB ::::: - 0.050 A == - 0.05

q Me - 0.050 B 0.55
/'
L-O. f::::. £:.:. 6 C::::: 0.55
D == - 0.05

i
MI ::::: 0.0735 MB ::::: - 0.117 A = 0.383
q
I M2 = 0.0535 Me =- 0.033 B::::: 1.20
6 6 6 f::::. C 0.45
D '" - 0.033

Ml = 0.094 I ME - 0.067 A::::: 0.433

M2 ::::: - 0.025 I Me::::: 0.017 B ::::: 0.65
6:. C '" - 0.10
D 0.0167

Verdiene gjelder for EI =konstant. For nedoverrenet q gir positiv M strekk pit undersiden.
 FORMLER FOR HURTIGINTEGRASJON

I
Ml 1M M~ ·~M Mlr------, M2
, 1 L I 1 .1 L

MI M
MML 1 - 1 -
I. ]..MiiL _MML _M(M j +M2 )L
2 2 2
I -­
- [M 1(2M j +M2 )
!Ml~Ml -1 (M +lv1 )M
-
L
1 -
_(2M j +M?)ML
1 -
_(M j +2M?)ML 6
l 2
6 - 6 -
2 +M z(M j +2M2 )]L!

M~ 1 - 1 -­
]..MiiL ]..Mi:iL _MML -M(2lvll +M2 )L
2 3 6 6
1
M~* I 1 - 1 -­
]..Mih ]..MAh _MML 12 M(3 Ml + M 2 )L
3 4 12

IM~
M(5M j
'J - 5 MiiL 1 -
::MML _IHML
i 3 4 -
+ 3M2 )L

*
~ 3:MML
1 -
_MML I 1 -
_lvlML
1 -­
-M(M j +M2 )L
3 3 I 3 3

"'* 2 -
- M[(n-2)M J
~M 2 MML 2n 4
MML ~MML
2
n 2

n 1t +2M2 ]L

**
~ 3:MML
1
_MML
-
]..MML
1 -­
-MUvlj+M?)L
n 1t n 1t -

1 - b
~
_M[Ml(l +-)
1 b - 1 a - 6 L
]..MML _(l+_)MML -0 +_)MML
b 2 6 L 6 L - a
,~ a .' Jt + M 2 (1 + L JL
I
* Momentfor1¢pet er gitt ved et annengrads polynom (parabel)
** Momentforl¢pet er ved en sinusfunksjon

L
Tabellen gir verdien av integralet: ~\1(x)M(x) dx
.;
0
I
 .'<henfgl

Figure 9b
Column design chart for rectangular columns d2 /h = 0.10

1.3
0.2
1.2 d2/h = 0.10
0.3 Asfyk/bhfck
1.1
1.0 0.4
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.7 0.5
0.8 0.6
0.5
0.6
0.7 0.4
N/bhfck

0.3
0.7
0.6 0.2
0.1
0.5
0 0.8
0.4
0.9
0.3
Kr =1
0.2

0.1

0
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45
2
M/bh fck

Figure 9c
Column design chart for rectangular columns d2 /h = 0.15

1.3
0.2
1.2 d2/h = 0.15
0.3
1.1
Asfyk/bhfck
1.0
1.0 0.9 0.4
0.8
0.9
0.7 0.5
0.8 0.6
0.5 0.6
0.7 0.4
N/bhfck

0.3
0.6 0.2 0.7
0.1
0.5 0 0.8
0.4
0.9
0.3
Kr =1
0.2

0.1

0
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40
2
M/bh fck

39
Ahpmh]^lb`g\hg\k^m^lmkn\mnk^lnlbg`>nkh\h]^+

Figure 9d
Column design chart for rectangular columns d2 /h = 0.20

1.3
0.2
1.2 d2/h = 0.20
0.3 Asfyk/bhfck
1.1
1.0
1.0
0.9 0.4
0.9 0.8
0.7 0.5
0.8 0.6
0.5
0.6
N/bhfck

0.7 0.4
0.3
0.6 0.2 0.7
0.1
0.5
0
0.8
0.4

0.3 0.9

0.2
Kr = 1
0.1

0
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35
2
M/bh f ck

Figure 9e
Column design chart for rectangular columns d2 /h = 0.25

1.3
0.2
1.2 d2/h = 0.25

1.1 0.3
Asfyk/bhfck
1.0 1.0
0.9 0.4
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.6 0.5
0.5
0.7
N/bhfck

0.4
0.3 0.6
0.6
0.2
0.5 0.1
0 0.7
0.4
0.8
0.3
0.9
0.2

0.1
Kr = 1
0
0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30
2
M/bh fck

40