WORKBOOK WEEK NO 5-6

CHAPTER 4–AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS–AIS

(WEEK 5&6–6 HOURS)
Feb. 01-12, 2021
1. Before answering Topics Questions make sure that you have watch and
read the LMS Link: 192.168.0.54
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fz7ek78oeAU What is AIS -
Automatic Identification System
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRtBr-2Oqz0&t=36s How AIS
Works - Operation of AIS

2. Power Point Presentation will be given to you by Instructor:

NAV 1 PPT CLARISA (Automatic Identification System SLIDE 134–139)
CLARISA AIS PPT (Automatic Identification System SLIDE 1-55)
TOPIC INTRODUCTION / OVERVIEW
The automatic identification system is an automatic tracking system that
uses transceivers on ships and is used by vessel traffic services.
Automatic identification system (AIS) was initially developed and
mandated as a complement to radar for collision avoidance.
Examples if necessary: Automatic Identification System (Instructor will
provide)

LO1.4: Perform operational use of the AIS and determine the ship’s
position including the interpretation of its displayed data
Lecture Activity: 100 pts (WEEK 5&6 – 6 HOURS)
Interactive learning
A. Question and Answer
1. Discuss SOLAS regulation for carriage of AIS onboard ships
SOLAS regulation for carriage AIS is that all ships of 300 gross tonnage and
upwards engaged on international voyages, cargo ships of 500 gross tonnage and
upwards not engaged on international voyages and all passenger ships irrespective of
size
 Introduction to AIS
Introduction to AIS-The shipborne automatic identification system is a vessel
tracking system capable of communication navigation information automatically
between ais equipped vessels and coastal authorities. It is a collision avoidance system
that gives information of the ships in the area including their speed and course and
how to contact them.

? What specific regulation of UN regarding AIS (10 pts)

 AIS System overview

-AIS provides a tool for improved safety and collision avoidance. Since
2004 the IMO or the International Maritime Organization has instituted
carriage requirements for vessels affecting both worldwide and local shipping
traffic. These carriage requirements apply to commercial vessels subject to the
safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) convention.

? What are the benefits of AIS onboard the vessel (10 pts)
-It enhances the safety of life at sea and the safety and efficiency of
navigation and the protection of marine environment. The system improves
that by using its function such as information of the ships in the area
including their speed and course and how to contact them. This helps
minimize the risk of collision and when a vessel nearby needs assistance with
the help of the AIS they may able to contact the nearby ship and ask for
assistance. Therefore, an important tool in enhancing situation awareness of
traffic confronting users.

 AIS Components
? What are the components of AIS (10 pts)
An onboard AIS consists of the following:
-antennas
-one VHF transmitter
-two multi-channel VHF receivers
-one channel 70 VHF receiver fir channel management
-a central processing unit(CPU)
-an electronic positioning fixing sysyte, GNSS receiver for timing purposes and
position redundancy.
-interfaces to radar/automatic radar plotting aids (ARPA), electronic chart
system/electronic chart dsplay and information system(ECS/ECDIS) and
integrated Navigation System(INS)
-minimum display and keyboard input and retrieve data.

 AIS Technical description

? What is the technical description of AIS (5 pts)
-The technical description of AIS is that it operates primarily on two
dedicated CHF channels which is AIS1 -161.975 MHz and AIS2-162.025MHz).
These two channels are available regionally, the AIS is capable of automatically
switching to alternate designated channels.
 AIS information sent by ships
? What contains in short messages are transmit and receive by ship
equipped with AIS (5 pts)
-The short message transit and receive by a ship is its positional
information. It is being sent and received to the other AIS-equipped vessel in
the vicinity. And when a free slot has been located within a frame, the
transceiver reserves the same slot within the next frame for its following
transmission. To be specific this positional information or AIS information
being transmitted and received by a ship are the fixed or static information,
dynamic information and voyage related information.

? Enumerate example of static information (10 pts)

These static information are the following:

 MMSI or Maritime Mobile Service Identity)

 Callsign and Name
 IMO number
 Length and beam
 Type of ship
 Location of Position-fixing Antenna
? Enumerate example of dynamic navigational information (5 pts)
-The dynamic navigational information are:

 Ship’s position with accuracy indication and integrity status

 Position time stamp in UTC
 Course over ground
 Speed over ground
 Heading
 Rate of turn
 Navigational Status

? Enumerate example of voyage related information (5 pts)

The Voyage related information are:

 Ship’s draught
 Hazardous Cargo(type)
 Destination and ETA
 Route Plan(way points

 AIS Performance standards

An AIS should be capable of the following

 Providing ships and to competent authorities, information from the ship,

automatically and with the required accuracy and frequency, to facilitate
accurate tracking.
 Transmission of the data should be with the minimum involvement of
ship’s personnel and with a high level of availability.
 Receiving and processing information from the other sources including
that from a competent authority and from other ships
 Responding to high priority and safety related calls with a minimum
delay
 Providing positional and maneuvering information at a data rate
adequate to facilitate.
 Accurate tracking by a competent authority and other ships.
2. Explain the safe and effective use of AIS
-An AIS is
 Operation of AIS onboard

? Explain briefly the operation of AIS onboard

 Interpretation of AIS displayed data

? Draw and interpret data displayed in AIS (10 pts)

 Inherent limitations of AIS

AIS may be used in decision making to reduce or avoid collision but
there are some limitation with the use of AIS. These limitations must be
considered by the Officer On Watch.
? Innumerate limitations of AIS (10 pts)
The inherent limitations of AIS are:
1. Some ships particularly leisure craft, fishing boats and coastal shore
stations including Vessel Traffic Service centers might not be fitted with
AIS.
2. Under certain circumstances by professional judgement of the master
they might switch off the AIS.
3. The information given by the AIS may not be a complete picture of the
situation around the ship.
4. Transmission of erroneous information implies risk to other ships as well
as their own. The users remain responsible for all information added by
the sensors.
5. The accuracy of AIS information received is dependent to the accuracy of
the AIS information transmitted.
6. Poorly configured or calibrated ship sensors which is position, sped and
heading sensors might lead to incorrect information being transmitted.
The incorrect information displayed on the bridge of another ship could
be dangerously confusing.
7. If no sensor is installed or if the sensor fails to provide data the AIS
automatically transmits the ‘’not available’’ data value. The built-in
integrity check cannot validate the contents of the data processed by the
AIS.
8. It would not be cautious for the OOW to assume that the information
received from other ships of a comparable quality and accuracy as that
which might be available on own ship.

 Precautions while using AIS in collision avoidance

 -AIS is recognized as an anti-collision device and it is recommended as
such a device in due time. The information displayed or given by the AIS can be
used in assisting in decision making to avoid collisions.

? What are precautions when using AIS (10 pts)

When using the AIS there are some precautions, these precautions are the
following:
1. The AIS is an additional source for navigational information but
AIS does not replace it but supports navigational systems such as
radar target-tracking and VTS
2. The use of AIS does not negate the responsibility of the OOW to
comply at all times with the collision regulations.

 Additional and possible future applications of AIS

? Name additional and possible future application of AIS (10 pts)

Assignment: Reading about next topic or Instructor’s prerogative

Laboratory Activity: 100 pts (WEEK 5&6 – 6 HOURS)

Simulation
 Familiarize with a particular AIS implementation on a ship, prior to use
at sea
 Demonstrate the entering and checking ship’s AIS data
 Perform step by step operation of AIS (50 pts)
 Demonstrate the use of AIS as an additional tool to aid situational
awareness and collision avoidance
 Demonstrate the sending and responding to safety and security
related messages
 Perform the following instruction mention above and check that all
safety features and performing accurately. (50 pts)
Quiz: (Instructor will provide)
Scoring Criteria / Matrix:
Reflection: (Will be filled up by students, NOT THE INSTRUCTOR)
A. What went well?
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B. What went wrong?
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B. What could be done better next time?
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