Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
--```,``,``,``,,,,`,,,``,,,`,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
--```,``,``,``,,,,`,,,``,,,`,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5.4. These bars shall be used to manufacture the test specimens, 5.13 Silicone Caulk, for sealing the outside of the plastic
as described in Section 6. dam to the top of the concrete specimen.6,9
5.14 Reference Electrode, such as a saturated calomel or
NOTE 2—Interlaboratory test program and statistical data in Section 11 silver/silver chloride electrode for measuring the corrosion
are based upon 13-mm (0.5-in.) steel bars, 12.5-mm maximum size
potential of the bars, as defined in Terminology G 15.
aggregate, and 19-mm (0.75-in.) and 25-mm (1 in.) cover.
5.15 Hexane.
5.3 316 Stainless Steel Screws, with diameter smaller than
bar diameter (coarse thread < 5 mm (0.2 in.)), 25 to 35-mm (1 6. Preparation of Test Specimens
to 1.5-in.) long (one per bar).
6.1 Power wire brush or sand blast the bars to near white
5.4 316 Stainless Steel Nuts, two per bar to fit stainless steel
metal (see SSPC-SP 5/NACE No. 1), clean by soaking in
screws, as described in 5.3.
hexane, and allow to air dry.
5.5 Two-part Waterproof Epoxy5,6—This epoxy shall meet
the chemical resistance requirements of a Type IV, Grade 3, NOTE 3—Pickling the bars with 10 % sulfuric acid for 10 to 15 min and
Class E of Specification C 881/C 881M. rinsing with potable water prior to wire brushing is recommended when
5.6 Sulfuric Acid, 10 % by mass, for pickling (optional). the bars have an excessive amount of rust.
5.7 Electroplater’s Tape.6,7 6.2 Use the same method to clean all bars in the test
5.8 Neoprene Tubing, with 3-mm (1⁄8-in.) wall thickness and program.
the same ID as the diameter of the bar used. 6.3 Drill and tap one end of each bar, attach a stainless steel
5.9 Sodium Chloride, complying with Specification D 632. screw and two nuts, as described in 5.3 and 5.4, and tape each
5.10 Salt Solution, prepared by dissolving 3 parts of sodium end of the bar with electroplater’s tape so that a 200-mm (8-in.)
chloride (as described in 5.9) in 97 parts of water mass. portion in the middle of the bar is bare. Place a 90-mm (3.5 in.)
5.11 Epoxy Sealer, for application to the concrete specimens length of neoprene tubing, as described in 5.8, over the
after manufacture. This sealer shall be of Type III, Grade 1, electroplater’s tape at each end of the bar, and fill the length of
Class C in accordance with Specification C 881/C 881M.6,8 tubing protruding from the bar ends with the two-part epoxy, as
5.12 Plastic Dams, 75-mm (3-in.) wide and 150-mm (6-in.) described in 5.5.
long with a minimum height of 75 mm (3 in.) for placement on 6.4 Specimen size is 280 3 150 3 115 mm (11 3 6 3
the test specimens. The wall thickness shall be 61 mm (1⁄8 6 4.5 in.). Place two bars, as described in 5.2, 25 mm (1 in.) from
1⁄32 in. the bottom, and one bar at the top such that the distance from
its top to the top surface of the specimen is twice the maximum
5
aggregate size, as shown in Fig. 1.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is PC-Epoxy, made by Protective Coating Co., Allentown, PA. NOTE 4—For example, for a 12.5-mm (0.5 in.) aggregate, place the top
6
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to bar 25 mm (1 in.) from the surface. For a 9.5-mm (0.375-in.) aggregate,
ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider- place the bar 19 mm (0.75 in.) from the top surface.
ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1 which you may attend.
7
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M), 1999 Mt. Read Boulevard,
Rochester, NY 14615.
8 9
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time
is Epoxy Concrete Scaler # 12560, made by Devcon. is 3M Marine Adhesive 5200.
--```,``,``,``,,,,`,,,``,,,`,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
the specimens on the concrete top surface (wood floated
surface). Allow the specimens to dry for two weeks in a 50 % 7.3 At the same time, measure the corrosion potential of the
relative humidity (RH) environment before sealing the four bars against a reference electrode that is placed in the dam
vertical sides with an epoxy sealer, as described in 5.11, in containing the salt solution (see Practice G 3 and Test Method
accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation. Place a C 876). Connect the voltmeter between the reference electrode
plastic dam with dimensions, as described in 5.12, on the (ground or common terminal) and the bars.
specimen, as shown in Fig. 1, and about 13 mm (0.5 in.) from 8. Period of Testing
each side so that it does not extend over the taped sections of
8.1 Monitor the current as a function of time once every
the bars (see Fig. 2). Use a silicone caulk to seal the dam from
four weeks, as described in 7.2, until the average integrated
the outside, and apply epoxy sealer to the top surface outside of
macrocell current of the control specimens is 150 C or greater,
the dam.
as determined in 10.1.8, and at least half the samples show
NOTE 7—Allowing the specimens to dry before applying the concrete integrated macrocell currents equal to or greater than 150 C
epoxy will make the initial exposure to chloride more severe, and more (see Note 9).
closely follow the interlaboratory test program conditions.
NOTE 9—The value of 150 C is consistent with a macrocell current of
6.11 Attach wires and resistors. 10 µA over six months. The value of 10 µA was measured by all
laboratories on all specimens showing corrosion (controls and samples
7. Procedure with calcium chloride at 19-mm (3⁄4-in.) cover). This degree of integrated
7.1 Support each test specimen on two nonelectrically macrocell current is sufficient to ensure the presence of sufficient
conducting supports at least 13-mm (0.5-in.) thick, thus allow- corrosion for visual evaluation.
ing air flow under most of the specimen. Start the test one 8.2 In those cases where the admixtures being tested are
month after the samples are removed from the 100 % RH corrosive, end the test three full cycles after an average
atmosphere (moist room). Pond the specimens for two weeks at integrated macrocell current of 75 C is observed and the
23 6 3°C (73 6 5°F) with the salt solution, as described in integrated macrocell current of at least half the specimens
5.10. The volume of this solution is approximately 400 mL at being tested is equal or greater than 75 C.
10.1.8 The ratio of total integrated current of the test log Sr 5 0.931 log Iavg 2 0.006 (3)
specimen to that of the control and time the test ended. The
log S R 5 0.833 log Iavg 1 0.177 (4)
total integrated current is:
TCj 5 TC j21 1 [~tj 2 t j21! 3 ~ij 1 i j21!/2]
11.2.4 The data used for compiling the test method preci-
sion, together with the statistical parameters as defined in
where: Practice E 691, are given in the research report.10 The graphi-
TC = total corrosion (coulombs), cal representations of the repeatability and reproducibility
tj = time (seconds) at which measurement of the macro- limits are given in Figs. 3 and 4.
cell current is carried out, and 11.2.5 The time to failure has been analyzed using Practice
ij = macrocell current (amps) at time, tj. E 691. This analysis is given in the research report.10
A sample calculation is given in Appendix X1. 11.2.6 The maximum end of the 95 % confidence interval
for time to failure for control specimens with 19-mm (0.75-in.)
11. Precision and Bias 10 concrete cover is six months for both intralaboratory and
11.1 Information on the precision of the results obtained by interlaboratory tests. The maximum ends of the 95 % confi-
this test method was derived from an interlaboratory test with dence intervals are two and six months for intra- and interlabo-
two to three specimens per laboratory. Eleven laboratories ratory tests respectively for specimens containing calcium
chloride.
11.2.7 The complete data for percent area corroded is given
10
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may in the research report.10 In all cases where there was corrosion,
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: G01–1009. the macrocell current was greater than 9 µA. However, not
12. Keywords
12.1 admixtures; concrete; corrosion; corrosivity; inhibitor;
reinforcing steel
APPENDIX
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1.1 Total Corrosion Calculation: X1.1.3 At the end of the 60 day period:
TC j 5 TCj21 1 [~t j 2 tj21! * ~i j 1 ij 21!/2] (X1.1) TC2 5 25.92 1 [60 2 30! * 86400 * ~20 1 27!/2*1026# 5 86.83 C
X1.1.1 Assume the following readings were obtained over a (X1.3)
90 day period of time: X1.1.4 At the end of the 90 day period:
Days 0 30 60 90
imac (µA) 0 20 27 35 TC3 5 86.83 1 [~90 2 60! * 86400 * ~27 1 35!/2*1026# 5 167.18 C
(X1.4)
X1.1.2 At the end of the first 30 day period the total
--```,``,``,``,,,,`,,,``,,,`,`,,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
REFERENCES
(1) Berke, N. S., Shen, D. F., and Sundberg, K. M., “Comparison of the Admixture or Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Bars as Corrosion Protection
Polarization Resistance Technique to the Macrocell Corrosion Tech- Systems,” Report No. FHWA/RD-83/-12, Federal Highway Adminis-
nique,” Corrosion Rates of Steel in Concrete, ASTM STP 1065, N. S. tration, Washington DC, 1983, pp. 71.
Berke, V. Chaker, and D. Whitney, editors, ASTM, August 1990, pp. (4) Berke, N. S., Pfeifer, D. W., and Weil, T. G., “Protection Against
38–51. Chloride-Induced Corrosion,” Concrete International, December
(2) Berke, N. S. and Hicks, M. C., “Electrochemical Methods of
1988, pp. 45–55.
Determining the Corrosivity of Steel in Concrete,” Corrosion Testing
and Evaluation: Silver Anniversary Volume, Babraiam/Dean editors, (5) Berke, N. S., Hicks, M. C., Hoopes, R. J., and Tourney, P. J., “Use of
ASTM STP 1000, ASTM, November 1990, pp. 425–440. Laboratory Techniques to Evaluate Long-Term Durability of Steel
(3) Virmani, Y. P., Clear, K. C., and Pasko, T. J., “Time-to Corrosion of Reinforced Concrete Exposed to Chloride Ingress,” ACI SP 145-16,
Reinforcing Steel in Concrete Slabs, Volume 5: Calcium Nitrite 1994, pp. 299-328.
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org).