Lecture 21 (Kinetics of Particles Rigid Bodies - Impulse and Momentum Method)

Department of Mechanical, Industrial & Aerospace Engineering
Dynamics (ENGR 243)
Dr. Hany Gomaa ,

Email:
hany.gomaa@concordia.ca
Office: EV-3.269
Resources Used:
1. Vector Mechanics for Engineers – Dynamics,” by F.P. Beer, E.R. Johnston, Jr., & P.J.
Cornwell, Tenth/ Eleventh Edition in , McGraw-Hill, 2013 / 2016 &
2. Hibbeler Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition, Pearson, 2016
Course Information
Vector Mechanics for Engineers – Dynamics by F.P. Beer, et al.
Topics – Chapters
1. Chapter 11 Introduction to Dynamics (Kinematics of Particles)
2. Chapter 12 Kinetics of Particles - Newton’s Second Law
3. Chapter 13 Kinetics of Particles - Energy and Momentum Methods

Chapters 13 and 17
4. Chapter 15 Kinematics of Rigid Bodies
5. Chapter 16 Plane Motion of Rigid Bodies - Forces and Acceleration
6. Chapter 17 Plane Motion of Rigid Bodies - Energy and Momentum

Methods
7. Chapter 19 Introduction to Vibration. Chapters 13 and 17
2
Vector Mechanics for Engineers – Dynamics,” by F.P. Beer, E.R. Johnston, Jr., & P.J. Cornwell, Tenth/ Eleventh Edition in , McGraw-Hill, 2013 / 2016
Chapters 13 and 17 Impact and
Momentum Methods outline
Chapter 13
1. Principle of linear impulse and momentum
2. Conservation of linear momentum for a system
3. Impact (Coefficient of restitution)
4. Impulse and momentum for rigid body plan
(i.e. Angular momentum, Conservation of
linear and angular momentum)
Vector Mechanics for Engineers – Dynamics,” by F.P. Beer, E.R. Johnston, Jr., & P.J. Cornwell, Tenth/ Eleventh Edition in , McGraw-Hill, 2013 / 2016 Dr. Hany Gomaa
REVIEW
Dr. Hany Gomaa

1) Principle of linear
impulse and
momentum
Dr. Hany Gomaa

Momentum Method
PRINCIPLE OF LINEAR IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM
The principle of linear impulse and momentum in

vector form is written as
t2
mv1 + ∑ ∫ F dt = mv2
t1
Momentum diagram: Impulse diagram: Momentum diagram:

indicate direction and Like a free body diagram indicate direction and
magnitude of the but includes the time magnitude of the
particle’s initial duration of the forces particle’s final
momentum, mv1 acting on the particle. momentum, mv2
Hibbeler Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition, Pearson, 2016 Dr. Hany Gomaa
IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM: SCALAR EQUATIONS
Since the principle of linear impulse and momentum is a vector

equation, it can be resolved into its x, y, z component scalar equations:
t2
m(vx)1 + ∑ ∫ Fx dt = m(vx)2
t1
t2
m(vy)1 + ∑ ∫ Fy dt = m(vy)2
t1
t2
m(vz)1 + ∑ ∫ Fz dt = m(vz)2
t1
The scalar equations provide a convenient means for applying the

principle of linear impulse and momentum once the velocity and
force vectors have been resolved into x, y, z components.
EXAMPLE II
Given:The wheels of the 1500 kg

car generate a traction force
F described by the graph.
Find: The speed of the car when

t = 6 s if the car starts
from rest.
Plan: 1) Draw the momentum and impulse diagrams of the

car.
2) Apply the principle of impulse and momentum to
determine the speed.
Hibbeler Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition, Pearson, 2016

EXAMPLE II (continued)
Solution:
1) The impulse and momentum diagrams can be drawn as:
mv1 = 0 ∫ W dt mv2
+ =
∫ F dt
∫ N dt
Why is the impulse caused by the weight W and the

normal force N can be canceled. Why?

mv1 = 0 ∫ W dt mv2
+ =
∫ F dt
∫ N dt
t2
+ → mv1 + ∑ ∫t F dt = mv2
1
+ → mv1 = (1500 kg) (0 m/s)
+ → mv2 = (1500 kg) (v2 m/s)

mv1 = 0 ∫ W dt mv2
+ =
∫ F dt
∫ N dt
t2
+→ ∑
t
∫ F dt
1
From t = 0 until t = 2s
t2
+→ ∑
t
∫ F dt = 0.5 (6000 N) (2 s)
1
From t = 2 until t = 6s
t2
+→ ∑
t
∫ F dt = (6000 N) (4 s)
1
EXAMPLE II (continued)
2) The principle of impulse and momentum can be
applied along the direction of motion:
t2
+ → mv1 + ∑ ∫t F dt = mv2
1
(1500 kg) (0 m/s) + 0.5 (6000 N) (2 s) + (6000 N) (4 s)

= (1500 kg) (v2 m/s)
v2 = 20 m/s

GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING
Given: The 40 kg crate is moving
downward at 10 m/s. The
motor M pulls on the cable
with an average force of F,
which has a magnitude that
varies as shown on the graph.
Find: The speed of the crate
when t = 6 s.

when t = 6 s.

when t = 6 s.
crate.
2) Apply the principle of impulse and momentum to
determine the speed.

when t = 6 s.
crate. ∫ 2F dt
+ = mv2
mv1 ∫ W dt
when t = 6 s.
crate. ∫ 2F dt
+ = mv2
mv1 ∫ W dt
when t = 6 s.
crate. ∫ 2F dt
+ = mv2
mv1 ∫ W dt
when t = 6 s.
crate. ∫ 2F dt
+ ↑ mv1 = 40 (-10)
+ = mv2
+ ↑ mv2 = 40 (v2) mv1 ∫ W dt

GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (continued)
Solution:
1) The momentum and impulse diagrams are
∫ 2F dt
+ = mv2
mv1 ∫ W dt
The impulse due to cable force is:

6
+↑ ∫ 2 F dt = 2 [0.5 ( 150 + 450 ) 6 ] = 3600 N⋅s
0
The impulse due to weight is:

6
+↑ ∫ (− W) dt = −40 (9.81) (6) = − 2354 N⋅s
0
2) Apply the principle of impulse and momentum to determine
the velocity.
t2
mv1 + ∑ ∫t F dt = mv2
1
6 6
+ ↑ mv1 − ∫0 W dt + ∫0 2F dt = mv2
40 (-10) − 2354 + 3600 = 40 v2
⇒ v2 = 21.1 m/s ↑

Sample Problem 13.13 1
Strategy:
• Apply the principle of impulse and

momentum. The impulse is equal to
the product of the constant forces and
the time interval.
An automobile weighing 4000 lb is

driven down a 5 incline at a speed of
60 mi/h when the brakes are applied,
causing a constant total braking force of
1500 lb.
Determine the time required for the

automobile to come to a stop.
© 2019 McGraw-Hill Education.
Sample Problem 13.13 2
Modeling and Analysis:

• Apply the principle of impulse and
momentum.
 
mv1 + ∑ Imp1→2 = mv2
Taking components parallel to the

incline,
mv1 + (W sin 5°)t − Ft = 0
 4000 
 (88 ft s ) + (4000 sin 5°)t − 1500t = 0
 32 . 2 
t = 9.49 s
Reflect and Think
• You could use Newton’s second law to solve this problem. First,
you would determine the car’s deceleration, separate variables,
and then integrate a = dv/dt to relate the velocity, deceleration,
and time. You could not use conservation of energy to solve this
problem, because this principle does not involve time.
© 2019 McGraw-Hill Education.
Chapter 13
Chapter 13
25
2) Conservation of linear
momentum for a system
26
CONSERVATION OF LINEAR MOMENTUM FOR A 27
SYSTEM OF PARTICLES (Section 15.3)

When the sum of external impulses acting on a system of objects is
zero, the linear impulse-momentum equation simplifies to
∑ mi(vi)1 = ∑ mi(vi)2
This equation is referred to as the conservation of
linear momentum.
Conservation of linear momentum is often

applied when particles collide or interact.
When particles impact, only impulsive forces

cause a change of linear momentum.
The sledgehammer applies an impulsive force to the stake.

The weight of the stake is considered negligible, or non-impulsive,
as compared to the force of the sledgehammer. 27
EXAMPLE II
Given: Two rail cars with masses of
mA = 20 Mg and mB = 15 Mg
and velocities as shown.

EXAMPLE II
Find: The speed of the car A after collision if the cars

collide and rebound such that B moves to the right
with a speed of 2 m/s.
Also find the average impulsive force between the cars if the
collision place in 0.5 s.

EXAMPLE II
Find: The speed of the car A after collision if the cars

collide and rebound such that B moves to the right
with a speed of 2 m/s.
Also find the average impulsive force between the cars if the
collision place in 0.5 s.
Plan: 1) Use conservation of linear momentum to find the
velocity of the car A after collision (all internal
impulses cancel).
2) Then use the principle of impulse and momentum
to find the impulsive force by looking at only one car.Dr. Hany Gomaa
Given: Two rail cars with masses of mA = 20 Mg and mB = 15 Mg
Find: 1) The speed of the car A after collision if the cars collide and rebound such
that B moves to the right with a speed of 2 m/s.
Solution: Conservation of linear momentum (x-dir):

mA(vA1) + mB(vB1) = mA(vA2)+ mB(vB2)
20,000 (3) + 15,000 (-1.5)
= (20,000) vA2 + 15,000 (2)
vA2 = 0.375 m/s
Given: Two rail cars with masses of mA = 20 Mg and mB = 15 Mg
Find: 1) The speed of the car A after collision if the cars collide and rebound such
that B moves to the right with a speed of 2 m/s.
2) Average impulsive force between the cars if the collision place in 0.5 s.
Solution: Conservation of linear momentum (x-dir):

mA(vA1) + mB(vB1) = mA(vA2)+ mB(vB2)
20,000 (3) + 15,000 (-1.5)
= (20,000) vA2 + 15,000 (2)
vA2 = 0.375 m/s
Impulse and momentum on car A (x-dir):
mA (vA1)+ ∫ F dt = mA (vA2)
20,000 (3) − ∫ F dt = 20,000 (0.375)
The average force is ∫ F dt = 52,500 N·s
∫ F dt = 52,500 N·s = Favg(0.5 sec); Favg = 105 kN
Combining
1) Conservation 2) Conservation of
of energy linear momentum
for one system

Dr. Hany Gomaa
CONSERVATIVE FORCES,
POTENTIAL ENERGY AND
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
Dr. Hany Gomaa

35
CONSERVATIVE FORCE
The work done by a conservative force depends:

1) only on the positions of the particle, and
2) is independent of its velocity or acceleration.
Typical examples of conservative forces are:
1) Gravitational force ----- Weight force
2) Elastic force ----- Spring force
Typical examples of a non-conservative force is:
1) Friction force
Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition Copyright ©2016 by Pearson Education, Inc.

R.C. Hibbeler Hibbeler Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition, Pearson, 2016 All rights reserved. Dr. Hany Gomaa
36
CONSERVATIVE FORCE
A more rigorous definition of a conservative force makes

use of a potential function (V) and partial differential
calculus.
The “conservative” potential energy of a particle/system is

typically written using the potential function V.
There are two major components to V commonly encountered

in mechanical systems, the
1. potential energy from gravity and
2. potential energy from springs or other elastic elements.
Vtotal = Vgravity + Vsprings

37
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY

Spring forces are also conservative forces.
The potential energy of

a spring force (F = ks)
is found by the equation
Ve = ½ k s2
Notice that elastic potential energy is always positive.
37
38
POTENTIAL ENERGY DUE TO GRAVITY

The potential function (formula) for a gravitational force, e.g.,
weight (W = mg), is the force multiplied by its elevation from a
datum. The datum can be defined at any convenient location.
Vg = ± W y
Vg is positive if y is above the

datum and negative if y is
below the datum. Remember,
YOU get to set the datum.
39
When a particle is acted upon by a system of conservative forces,
the work done by these forces is conserved and the
sum of kinetic energy and potential energy remains constant.
As the particle moves, kinetic energy is converted to potential

energy and vice versa.
This principle is called the principle of conservation of energy

and is expressed as
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 = Constant
T1 stands for the kinetic energy at state 1 and V1 is the potential
energy function for state 1.
T2 and V2 represent these energy states at state 2.
Recall, the kinetic energy is defined as T = ½ mv2.
40
Condition to apply the

CONSERVATION of
ENERGY principle
Dr. Hany Gomaa

41
Condition to apply the CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
When a particle is acted upon by a system of conservative

forces, the work done by these forces is conserved and the
sum of kinetic energy and potential energy remains constant.
As the particle moves, kinetic energy is converted to

potential energy and vice versa.
If at any time a non conservative force exists then we cannot

apply the principle of conservation of energy
That is to say:
If friction force exists then the principle of conservation of
energy cannot be applied to the system.
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING II

and velocities as shown. The
two cars collide and stick
together.
Find: The maximum compression of the spring mounted on car A.

together.
velocity of the cars after collision.
2) Then use the energy conservation equation to find

the compression of the spring.
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING II (continued)
Solution:
v2
Conservation of linear momentum along x-axis:

mA(vA1) + mB(vB1) = ( mA + mB ) v2
where vA1 = 20 km/h = 5.556 m/s,
vB1 = -10 km/h = -2.778 m/s
30,000 (5.556) + 15,000 (-2.778) = (30,000 + 15000 ) v2
v2 = 2.778 m/s →

together.
velocity of the cars after collision.
2) Then use the energy conservation equation to find

the compression of the spring.
When a rigid body is acted upon by a system of conservative

forces, the work done by these forces is conserved. Thus, the sum
of kinetic energy and potential energy remains constant.
This principle is called conservation of energy and is expressed as:
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2 = Constant
In other words, as a rigid body moves from one position to another

when acted upon by only conservative forces, kinetic energy is
converted to potential energy and vice versa.
ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY
Spring forces are also conservative forces.
The potential energy of

a spring force (F = ks)
is found by the equation
Ve = ½ k s2
Notice that elastic potential energy is always positive.
v2
Then, energy conservation equation to find the maximum

compression of the spring ;
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
T1 = [0.5 (30000) (5.556)2 + 0.5 (15000) (-2.778)2 ]
V1 = 0
T2 = 0.5 (45000) (2.778)2
V2 = 0.5 (3×106) (smax)2
Therefore: T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
[0.5 (30000) (5.556)2 + 0.5 (15000) (-2.778)2 ] + 0
= 0.5 (45000) (2.778)2 + 0.5 (3×106) (smax)2
The maximum compression of the spring: smax = 0.4811 m = 481 mm
EXAMPLE I
Given: Spring constant k = 10 kN/m

mA = 15 kg, vA = 0 m/s, mB = 10 kg, vB = 15 m/s
The blocks couple together at impact.
Find: The maximum compression of the spring.
EXAMPLE I

Plan: 1) We can consider both blocks as a single system and
apply the conservation of linear momentum to find the
velocity after impact, but before the spring compresses.
2) Then use the energy conservation to find the
compression of the spring.
EXAMPLE I

Plan: 1) We can consider both blocks as a single system and
apply the conservation of linear momentum to find the
velocity after impact, but before the spring compresses.
2) Then use the energy conservation to find the
compression of the spring.
Given: Spring constant k = 10 kN/m, mA = 15 kg, vA = 0 m/s,
mB = 10 kg, vB = 15 m/s. The blocks couple together at impact.
Solution:
1) Conservation of linear momentum

+ → ∑ mi(vi)0 = ∑ mi(vi)1
10 (−15 i) = (15+10) (v i )
v = −6 m/s
= 6 m/s ←
2) Energy conservation equation Ve = ½ k s2
T1 + V1 = T2 + V2
0.5 (15+10) (-6)2 + 0 = 0 + 0.5 (10000) (smax) 2
So the maximum compression of the spring is smax = 0.3 m.

Course Information
Vector Mechanics for Engineers – Dynamics by F.P. Beer, et al.
Topics – Chapters
1. Chapter 11 Introduction to Dynamics (Kinematics of Particles)
2. Chapter 12 Kinetics of Particles - Newton’s Second Law
3. Chapter 13 Kinetics of Particles - Energy and Linear Momentum
4. Chapter 15 Kinematics of Rigid Bodies
5. Chapter 16 Plane Motion of Rigid Bodies - Forces and Acceleration
6. Chapter 17 Plane Motion of Rigid Bodies - Energy and Angular

Momentum
Impact and restitution coefficient
7. Chapter 19 Introduction to Vibration
Chapter 13
Chapter 13
linear and angular momentum) Chapter 17
54
55

2. Conservation of linear momentum for a
Ch.13
system
4. Impulse and momentum for rigid body plan Ch.17

Dr. Hany Gomaa
56
Introduction
Approaches to Rigid Body Kinetics Problems
Forces and Velocities and Velocities

Accelerations Displacements and Time
Impulse-
Newton’s Work-Energy
Momentum
Second Law
T1 + U1→2 = T2
17 - 56
Angular Impulse Momentum
57
When two rigid bodies collide, we typically

use principles of angular impulse
momentum.
We often also use linear impulse
momentum (like we did for particles).
17 - 57
58
Impulse and momentum for rigid body plan

• Angular Momentum
• Angular Impulse and Momentum Principle
• Conservation of Angular Momentum
• Linear and Angular Momentum
• Conservation of Linear and Angular Momentum
59
ANGULAR MOMENTUM, MOMENT OF A FORCE AND

PRINCIPLE OF ANGULAR IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM
1. Determine the angular

momentum and
2. Apply the principle of

angular impulse &
momentum.
3. Use conservation of
angular momentum to
solve problems.
Linear Momentum
60
Recall
Linear Momentum
61
Recall
Principle of linear impulse and momentum
Linear Momentum
62
Recall
Angular Momentum
63
Dr. Hany Gomaa

Summary
Chapters Chapters Chapters
Approaches
12 and 16 to Kinetics 13 and 17
Problems 13 and 17
Part I Part II
Forces and Velocities and Velocities and

Accelerations Displacements Time
Newton’s Second Law Work-Energy Impulse-Momentum
T1 + U1→2 = T2
13 - 64
Approaches to Dynamics Problems
Angular Momentum
65
Principle of Angular impulse and momentum
Angular Momentum
66
Angular impulse
Angular Momentum
67
Angular impulse
Summary
Chapters Chapters Chapters
Approaches
12 and 16 to Kinetics 13 and 17
Problems 13 and 17
Part I Part II
Forces and Velocities and Velocities and

Accelerations Displacements Time
Newton’s Second Law Work-Energy Impulse-Momentum
T1 + U1→2 = T2
13 - 68
Approaches to Dynamics Problems
Angular Momentum
69
Principle of impulse and momentum
6 Scalar Equations
70
SUMMARIZING
Dr. Hany Gomaa

ANGULAR MOMENTUM
71
The angular momentum of a particle about

point O is defined as the “moment” of the
particle’s linear momentum about O.
i j k
Ho = r × mv = rx ry rz
mvx mvy mvz
The magnitude of Ho is (Ho)z = mv d
72
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOMENT OF

A FORCE AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM
The resultant force acting on the particle is equal to the time

rate of change of the particle’s linear momentum.
Showing the time derivative using the familiar “dot” notation
results in the equation
• •
∑F = L = mv
We can prove that the resultant moment acting on the particle

about point O is equal to the time rate of change of the
particle’s angular momentum about point O or
•
∑Mo = r × F = Ho
73
MOMENT AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM OF
A SYSTEM OF PARTICLES
∑𝑴𝑴𝑜𝑜 = 𝑟𝑟 × 𝑭𝑭 = 𝑯𝑯̇ 𝑜𝑜
The same form of the equation can be
derived for the system of particles.
The forces acting on the i-th particle of the

system consist of a resultant external force
Fi and a resultant internal force fi.
Then, the moments of these forces for the particles can be written as
∑(𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖 × 𝑭𝑭𝑖𝑖 ) + ∑(𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖 × 𝒇𝒇𝑖𝑖 ) = ∑(𝑯𝑯̇ 𝑖𝑖 )𝑜𝑜
The second term is zero since the internal forces occur in equal but opposite
collinear pairs. Thus,
∑𝑴𝑴𝑜𝑜 = ∑(𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑖 × 𝑭𝑭𝑖𝑖 ) = ∑(𝑯𝑯̇ 𝑖𝑖 )𝑜𝑜
74
PRINCIPLE OF ANGULAR IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM
Considering the relationship between moment and time

rate of change of angular momentum
•
∑Mo = Ho = dHo/dt
By integrating between the time interval t1 to t2
t2 t 2
∑ ∫ Mo dt = ( Ho )2 − ( Ho )1 or ( Ho )1 + ∑ ∫ Mo dt = ( Ho )2
t1 t1
This equation is the principle of angular impulse and momentum.
The second term on the left side, ∑∫ Mo dt, is the angular impulse.
In cases of 2D motion, it can be applied as a scalar equation using

components about the z-axis.
75
EXAMPLE
Given:Two identical 10-kg spheres are

attached to the rod, which starts
from rest then rotates in the
plane of the page. (neglecting
the impulse of the balls
weights)
The spheres are subjected to
tangential forces of P = 10 N,
and the rod is subjected to a
couple moment M = (8 t) N⋅m,
where t is in seconds.
Find: The speed of the spheres at t = 4 s, if the system starts
from rest.
Plan:
Apply the principles of angular momentum to the system.
EXAMPLE 76
Solution:
Conservation
Principles of angular
of angular momentum :
momentum.
𝑡𝑡𝑡
∑(𝑯𝑯0 )1 +∑ ∫𝑡𝑡1 𝑴𝑴0 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ∑(𝑯𝑯0 )2
The above equation about the axis

of rotation (z-axis) through O can
be written as
4 4
0 + ∫0 8t dt + ∫0 [2 10)(0.5 ] dt = 2 [10 𝑣𝑣 0.5 ]
⇒ 4 (4)2 +2 5 4 = 10 𝑣𝑣
⇒ 104 = 10 v
v = 10.4 m/s
77

Given: The two 10 kg balls are
attached to the end of a rod
of negligible weight. A
torque acts on the rod as
shown, M = (t2 + 2) N·m.
(neglecting the impulse of
the balls weights)
Find: The velocity of each ball
after 3 seconds, if each
ball has a speed v = 2 m/s
when t = 0.
Plan: Apply the principle of angular impulse and momentum
about the axis of rotation (z-axis).
78

Solution:
Angular momentum: HZ = r × mv reduces to a scalar equation.

(HZ)1 = 2×{0.5 (10) 2} = 20 (kg·m2/s) and
(HZ)2 = 2×{0.5 (10) v} = 10 v (kg·m2/s)
Angular impulse:
t2 t2 3
∫ M dt ∫
= (t2 + 2) dt = [(1/3) t3 + 2 t] = 15 N·m·s
t1 t1 0
Apply the principle of angular impulse and momentum.

2
( Ho )1 + ∑ ∫ Mo dt = ( Ho )2
t1
20 + 15 = 10 v ⇒ v = 3.5 m/s

Lecture 21 (Kinetics of Particles Rigid Bodies - Impulse and Momentum Method)

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Department of Mechanical, Industrial & Aerospace Engineering

Dynamics (ENGR 243)

Dr. Hany Gomaa ,

2. Chapter 12 Kinetics of Particles - Newton’s Second Law

3. Chapter 13 Kinetics of Particles - Energy and Momentum Methods

5. Chapter 16 Plane Motion of Rigid Bodies - Forces and Acceleration

6. Chapter 17 Plane Motion of Rigid Bodies - Energy and Momentum

Dr. Hany Gomaa

Dr. Hany Gomaa

The principle of linear impulse and momentum in

Momentum diagram: Impulse diagram: Momentum diagram:

Since the principle of linear impulse and momentum is a vector

The scalar equations provide a convenient means for applying the

Given:The wheels of the 1500 kg

Find: The speed of the car when

Plan: 1) Draw the momentum and impulse diagrams of the

Hibbeler Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition, Pearson, 2016

Why is the impulse caused by the weight W and the

Hibbeler Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition, Pearson, 2016

+ → mv1 = (1500 kg) (0 m/s)

+ → mv2 = (1500 kg) (v2 m/s)

Hibbeler Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition, Pearson, 2016

(1500 kg) (0 m/s) + 0.5 (6000 N) (2 s) + (6000 N) (4 s)

Hibbeler Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition, Pearson, 2016

Hibbeler Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition, Pearson, 2016

Hibbeler Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition, Pearson, 2016

Hibbeler Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition, Pearson, 2016

+ ↑ mv2 = 40 (v2) mv1 ∫ W dt

The impulse due to cable force is:

The impulse due to weight is:

Hibbeler Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition, Pearson, 2016

• Apply the principle of impulse and

An automobile weighing 4000 lb is

Determine the time required for the

Modeling and Analysis:

Taking components parallel to the

SYSTEM OF PARTICLES (Section 15.3)

Conservation of linear momentum is often

When particles impact, only impulsive forces

The sledgehammer applies an impulsive force to the stake.

Hibbeler Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition, Pearson, 2016

Find: The speed of the car A after collision if the cars

Hibbeler Engineering Mechanics: Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition, Pearson, 2016

Find: The speed of the car A after collision if the cars

Solution: Conservation of linear momentum (x-dir):

Solution: Conservation of linear momentum (x-dir):

for one system

Dr. Hany Gomaa

The work done by a conservative force depends:

Dynamics, Fourteenth Edition Copyright ©2016 by Pearson Education, Inc.

A more rigorous definition of a conservative force makes

The “conservative” potential energy of a particle/system is

There are two major components to V commonly encountered

Vtotal = Vgravity + Vsprings

ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY

The potential energy of

Notice that elastic potential energy is always positive.

POTENTIAL ENERGY DUE TO GRAVITY

Vg is positive if y is above the

As the particle moves, kinetic energy is converted to potential

This principle is called the principle of conservation of energy

Condition to apply the

Dr. Hany Gomaa

Condition to apply the CONSERVATION OF ENERGY