Euro On Board Diagnosis

EOBD … a further step toward protecting and maintaining out atmosphere
SP39_02
In the USA On-Board Diagnosis is already The European version of the diagnosis
a fixed element of the range of measures system differs only slightly from the
aimed at reducing and monitoring exhaust American OBD II system.
emissions.
The EOBD is likewise characterised by the
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not permitted
This diagnosis system was also introduced central diagnostic interface and the
unless authorised by ŠKODA AUTO A. S. ŠKODA AUTO A. S. does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by ŠKODA AUTO A. S.�
in the European Union (EU) at beginning of exhaust warning light.
the year 2000; other European countries
have also decided to adopt these rules. On-Board Diagnosis represents an
inestimable contribution aimed at
The diagnosis system, known as Euro On- protecting and maintaining our
Board Diagnosis (EOBD) has been atmosphere.
harmonised to European emission
legislation. You can acquaint yourself with the
fundamentals and the components of the
The first step of this introduction initially system in this Self Study Programme.
covers petrol engines; it will be extended in
the foreseeable future to also include
diesel engines.
2 GB
Contents
Introduction 4
Detecting Engine Load 8
Lambda Sensors 10
Diagnosis Components 14
Self-Diagnosis 29
Terms 32
Test Your Knowledge 33
Service Service Service Service Service Service Service Service

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FABIA FABIA FABIA
FABIA FABIA FABIA FABIA
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You will find notes on inspection and maintenance,

setting and repair instructions in the Workshop
Manual.
GB 3
Introduction
EOBD
History
The first efforts aimed at reducing the

emissions which were polluting the
atmosphere by setting legal limits, began as
early as the seventies.
Even in those days, it was clear that such

efforts could not be limited only to reducing
the pollutants emitted by industry.
As traffic density increased, it was also the

exhaust gases of motor vehicles which were
increasingly the source of atmospheric
pollution.
SP39_03
In order to counter this trend, a diagnosis

Emission limits
system for exhaust-relevant components,
On-Board Diagnosis I, was developed in the 100 %
USA and used in motor vehicles.
80 %
OBD I underwent further development, and its CO
NOx
successor version OBD II came into use from 60 %
1985. HC
40 %
This diagnosis system offered welcome
20 %
effects in terms of keeping the air clean.
0%
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Development of pollutant emissions SP39_05

in California
This diagnosis system was also introduced in

the European Union from the beginning of
2000 under the designation
with respect to the correctness ofEOBD,
informationinitially for Copyright by ŠKODA AUTO A. S.�
in this document.
petrol engines, with a subsequent extension
to include diesel engines.
EOBD does not differ significantly from OBD II.

There are differences in respect of individual
items in the range of diagnosis components
which are monitored in the vehicle.
EOBD is an adaptation of the OBD II diagnosis

system to match the legal provisions of the
EU.
SP39_04
4 GB
Basic concept of the EOBD
Malfunctions and faulty components can

produce a considerable increase in the level of
pollutants which motor vehicles emit. EOBD
It is not possible to directly measure the
concentration of the monitored pollutant Euro-On-Board Diagnose
components of
CO … carbon monoxide
HC … hydrocarbons and
NOx … oxides of nitrogen
at a technically acceptable cost.

That is why, it is necessary to use the engine
management system to test the exhaust-
relevant components.
The advantage which this offers is that faults
can be determined directly using a diagnosis
data reader.
SP39_06
The EOBD has to satisfy the following

requirements:
– Monitoring of all parts which are – Standardised fault codes for all
essential for the quality of the vehicle manufacturers
exhaust
– Fault displayed by commercially
– Diagnostic capability of exhaust- available
unless authorised by ŠKODA AUTO A.diagnostic
S. ŠKODA AUTOtesters
A. S. does not guarantee or accept any liability
relevant components with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by ŠKODA AUTO A. S.�
– Display of the operating conditions

– Standardised diagnostic connection which existed when a fault
(easily reached from the driver's seat) occurred
– Visual warning indication if operating – Definitions of when and how an

problems occur in exhaust-relevant exhaust-relevant fault has to be
components displayed
– Protection of the catalytic converter – Standardised names/abbreviations

of components, systems and faults
– Storage of faults
GB 5
Introduction
Legal basis
The EU passed EU Directive 98/69/EC on

13.10.1998.
This laid down that EOBD was mandatory for
all Member States of the EU. This relates both
to the manufacture as well as to the
registration of motor vehicles.
This is also important for the introduction of

vehicles in the EU and in countries which
adopt this Directive into their own national
law. E O BD
Date of introduction
Since 01.01.2000 automobile manufacturers

have been able to obtain type testing approval
SP39_07
for new vehicle models for the EU only if these
are equipped with EOBD.
Transitional period within the EU
The transitional period relates to vehicles

which have been given type testing approval
up to 31.12.1999 and comply with the
emission standards of EU II, D3 or D4. Within
the EU, theunless
purchaser was permitted to
authorised by ŠKODA AUTO A. S. ŠKODA AUTO A. S. does not guarantee or accept any liability
register suchwith
a respect
vehicle to theonly up until
correctness 31.12.2000
of information in this document. Copyright by ŠKODA AUTO A. S.�
and to operate it to an unlimited extent

without EOBD. Subsequent to this date,
vehicles fitted with a petrol engine must be SP39_57
equipped with EOBD when first registered.
Type testing approval of motor vehicles in the EU
New vehicle models New vehicle models

without EOBD with EOBD
Year 2000 Year 2001
New vehicles New vehicles without EOBD New vehicles

without EOBD (with EU II, D3 or D4) with EOBD
SP39_08
Registration of new vehicles of purchasers
6 GB
EOBD checks the:
– catalytic converter
EOBD
– lambda probes
– combustion system (misfiring)
– secondary air system
– exhaust gas recirculation system
– fuel tank ventilation system
HC
CO – fuel distribution system
NOx
– CAN databus
– influences resulting from automatic
SP39_55 gearbox/engine
– electronic power control
Vehicles fitted with EOBD Indication of fault by exhaust warning light
Even prior to the introduction of EOBD, If a fault occurs which results in a

vehicles were already fitted with components deterioration in the quality of the exhaust, the
which are of relevance for the EOBD. fault is stored in the fault memory, and the
In the same way, faults detected were already exhaust warning light
stored in the past in the fault memory.
comes on and remains on.
NEW with the EOBD:
– Exhaust warning light as a visible element
for indicating a fault which occurs in the
operating conditions of a vehicle
– Possibility of assessing the stored faults at

the standardised diagnostic interface using
any commercially available OBD data
reader, e.g. also for vehicle checks when
travelling (in preparation) SP39_10
If there is a risk of the catalytic converter being

damaged because of ignition misfiring, the
fault is likewise stored in the fault memory,
but in this case the exhaust warning light
If an exhaust-relevant malfunction is detected, flashes.

this is indicated to the driver by means of
exhaust warning light in the dash panel insert.
SP39_11
SP39_09
GB 7
Detecting Engine Load
Depending on the engine management The intake manifold pressure or the inducted
system which is used in the particular vehicle, air mass are required for
different approaches are sometimes used for
determining the characteristic parameters – calculating the ignition timing point
which are of relevance for the EOBD. – calculating the moment of injection
– and for monitoring the fuel tank ventilation
This in turn results in variations in the EOBD in and exhaust gas recirculation systems.
respect of the range of diagnosis components
which are monitored.
A variation exists in the way in which

operationally-related states (engine load) are
determined in the intake manifold (intake
manifold pressure or air mass).
Engine management systems

with ...
detection of intake manifold pressure detection of air mass
as an equivalent
with respect to the correctness for
of information in this measuring
document. the
Copyright by airAUTO
ŠKODA actually
A. S.� inducted
Intake manifold Air mass meter

pressure sender G71 G70*
Ignition Injection Ignition Injection
EOBD EOBD
SP39_13 SP39_14
* On turbo engines, the charge pressure is

measured and assessed additionally by the charge
pressure sender.
8 GB
Vehicles, engines and engine management
systems (selection)
Platform A04 Fabia
Engine Engine management Engine code letters Detects

system
1.4-ltr./44 kW Simos AZF Intake manifold pressure
1.4-ltr./50 kW Simos AQW Intake manifold pressure
1.4-ltr./16 V/55 kW Magneti-Marelli AUA Intake manifold pressure
1.4-ltr./16 V/74 kW Magneti-Marelli AUB Intake manifold pressure
2.0-ltr./85 kW Motronic AZL Air mass
Platform A4 Octavia
Engine Engine management Engine code letters Detects

system
1.4-ltr./55 kW Motronic AXP Intake manifold pressure
1.6-ltr./75 kW Simos AVU Air mass
1.8-ltr./110 kW Motronic AUM, ARX Air mass

turbo engine
1.8-ltr./132 kW Motronic AUQ Air mass
turbo engine
2.0-ltr./85 kW Motronic AQY, AZH Air mass
GB 9
Lambda Sensors
Characteristic curve and range of

applications Example for installation position of the sensors
Determining the lambda value in the exhaust Sensor downstream

is nowadays one of the most important of Cat
components for controlling the composition
Sensor upstream
of the exhaust gases. Use is made for this of
of Cat
lambda sensors, which differ in terms of their
design and operation:
Pre-catalytic
converter*
– two-point sensors and
– broadband sensors Catalytic
converter
Two-point sensor SP39_15
U S
The traditional finger sensor (LSH - lambda
sensor heated) and the LSF - lambda sensor
flat - are also known as jump sensors or also
Protected
two-point unless
sensors by copyright.
because Copying
offortheir
privatejump
or commercial
in purposes, in part or in whole, is not permitted
authorised by ŠKODA AUTO A. S. ŠKODA AUTO A. S. does not guarantee or accept any liability
their characteristic
with respect curve by λ =
to the correctness 1.
of information in this document. Copyright by ŠKODA AUTO A. S.�
The voltage US output by the sensor is used

for determining the lambda value.
The sensors merely indicate whether the

mixture which is present is rich (λ < 1) or lean
(λ > 1). They are used both as upstream as
well as downstream catalytic converter Voltage US
SP39_16
sensors. Rich mixture
Lean mixture
Broadband lambda sensor Range of jump
The LSU - lambda sensor universal is a new Ip

generation of lambda sensors. +
The lambda value is determined by utilising

the pump current Ip calculated in the engine
control unit (you can find out more on this on
0
the pages which follow).
The curve of the pump current is constantly

rising. Lambda control is possible between –
λ = 0.7 and 4 --> broadband.
The broadband sensor is used as an upstream

catalytic converter sensor. Pump current Ip
SP39_17
Rich mixture
Lean mixture
* Depending on the engine version, the exhaust
system is equipped with a pre-catalytic converter,
or not.
10 GB
Design and operation
are explained by making use of simplified

symbolic representation.
Ceramic body
Two-point sensor Exhaust
The sensor basically consists of a ceramic

body coated on both sides (Nernst cell).
The coatings act as electrodes, the one layer
being in contact with the ambient air and the
450
other with the exhaust gas.
mV
The differing level of oxygen concentrations in
the ambient air and in the exhaust produces a
voltage US between the electrodes. The J537
voltage is analysed by the engine control unit SP39_18
in order to determine the lambda value.
Electrodes
Ambient air
Pump cell
Measuring gap
Exhaust
Broadband lambda sensor
The broadband sensor is a combination of

2 ceramic cells:
0
– a Nernst cell (refer to two-point sensor)
and A
– a pump cell
Ip
Differences in the oxygen concentrations at
450
the electrodes of the Nernst cell, as part of the
broadband sensor, also produce a voltage in
mV
this case. Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not permitted
This effect is used in the reverse way in the
case of the pump cell. A drop in the oxygen Uref
concentration is produced by applying a

voltage to the electrodes.
SP39_19
In line with the polarity, as much oxygen is Ambient air
pumped into or out of the measuring gap so Nernst cell
as to maintain a constant 450 mV at the Nernst
cell.
Bottom part of
sensor element
Ip … Pump current
Uref … Reference voltage
GB 11
Lambda Sensors
Cross-section view of sensor element of the

broadband sensor
(basic illustration)
Do not be confused by the basic illustrations

of the pump and the electrodes.
These elements in the lambda sensor are, in
some cases, only a few millimetres or oven
only fractions of a millimetre in size.
Sensor element
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole,Exhaust

is not permitted
unless authorisedPump
by ŠKODAcellAUTO
with electrodes
A. S. ŠKODA AUTO A. S. does not guarantee or accept any liability
Electrode
Ip
Us lp
Ceramic
body
Electrode J537
Uref
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 J537 SP39_59
Legend
1 Pump cell
2 Sensor heater
3 Ambient air passage*
4 Measuring gap
5 Bottom part of sensor element
6 Nernst cell with electrodes
7 Protective layer
Failure of sensor upstream of Cat
(broadband sensor) US Lambda sensor voltage
Ip Pump current
If no sensor signal is received, the lambda Uref Reference voltage
closed-loop control is not active and the
lambda adaptation is disabled. * The ambient air is fed in through the sensor
The fuel tank ventilation system goes into cable.
emergency mode. The secondary air and Cat
diagnosis are disabled. The engine control
Note:
unit makes use of a map control as an
The broadband sensor must only be
emergency function.
replaced complete with cable and
connector because sensor element,
cable and connector are matched to
each other.
12 GB
Control example (broadband
sensor) Electrodes
Richer fuel/air mixture is produced

0
If the fuel/air mixture becomes richer, this
means that the oxygen concentration in the A
exhaust gas and thus also at the electrode at
the exhaust side drops. Ip
A consequence of this is an increase in the 450
voltage between the electrodes of the Nernst

mV
cell. This change is passed as a signal to the
engine control unit for analysis.
The oxygen concentration at the exhaust
Uref
electrode must be increased to match in order
to again restore the voltage between the
J537
electrodes to 450 mV (lambda = 1).
SP39_24
Nernst cell
Pump cell
To achieve this, the pump cell now pumps

oxygen into the measuring gap. The pump 0
current which is then obtained is an

A
equivalent for the oxygen concentration/
demand and thus a measure for the air index
lambda in the exhaust gas. Ip
450
The pump current is analysed in the engine
control unit and the necessary leaner mixture
mV
is produced.
Uref
J537
SP39_25
Measuring
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercialgappurposes, in part or in whole, is not permitted
Leaner fuel/air mixture with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by ŠKODA AUTO A. S.�
is produced
If the fuel/air mixture becomes leaner, the Note:

system operates in the same way, except the The pumping effect of the pump cell is
direction of pumping is reversed. Oxygen is a purely physical process. When a
pumped from the measuring gap to the voltage is applied to the pump cell,
outside. oxygen is transported (pumped)
through the oxygen-permeable
ceramic in line with the polarity.
The pump cell is presented in a purely
symbolical way in the illustrations.
GB 13
Diagnosis Components
Overview of the interlinking of

components of the Euro On-Board
Diagnosis System
05
02
03
04
07 08
11
09
15
01
17 10
18
19
20 EPC
14 GB
System components
(taking the example of the 1.4-ltr. - 16 V

55/74 kW engine)
Legend
01 Engine control unit J537

02 Activated charcoal filter
03 Activated charcoal filter solenoid valve
N80
04 Injectors cylinder 1 … 4 N30 … N33
05 EGR valve N18
06 Camshaft position sensor G163
07 Throttle valve control unit J338
08 Intake manifold pressure sender G71 and
intake manifold temperature sender G72
09 Electronic power control/accelerator
06 pedal
Protected by copyright. Copying for private position
or commercial sender
purposes, in part orG79 and
in whole, G185
is not
permitted
10of information
with respect to the correctness Fuel filter
in this document. Copyright by ŠKODA AUTO A. S.�
11 Knock sensor G61
12 Rotorless high-voltage distribution
13 Lambda sensor (upstream sensor) G39
14 Lambda sensor (downstream sensor)
G130
15 Engine speed sender G28
16 Coolant temperature sender G62
12
13 14 17 CAN databus
18 Diagnostic interface
19 Exhaust warning light K83
20 Electronic power control fault light K132
16
Note:
Other engines/engine management
systems may have additional exhaust-
relevant system components in
comparison to this example, or fewer
such components.
SP39_26
GB 15
Comprehensive components
monitoring
Within this diagnosis complex all the exhaust-

relevant components (sensors and actuators)
are monitored in terms of their function. Test criteria
The procedure adopted in this connection – Testing the input and output signals
complies with defined test criteria. (plausibility)
– Short circuit to earth
– Short circuit to positive
– Open circuit in the wiring
Catalytic converter
Catalyst conversion diagnosis
The engine control unit compares the sensor If this ratio differs from the specified range,
voltages of the upstream and downstream the engine management system detects a
sensors and forms a ratio which is the basis malfunction of the catalytic converter and the
for evaluating the catalytic converter fault code is set in the fault memory. In
efficiency. addition, this malfunction is indicated by the
exhaust warning light.
Catalytic Catalytic
converter o.k. converter not o.k.
1 1
U U U U
t t t t
2 3 2 3
SP39_27 SP39_28
U = Voltage 1 Engine control unit
t = byTime
Protected copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, 2 Sensor
is not permitted upstream of catalytic converter
unless authorised by ŠKODA AUTO A. S. ŠKODA AUTO A. S. does not guarantee or accept any liabilitydownstream of catalytic converter
3 Sensor
16 GB
Voltage curve shift and adaptation of the
upstream sensor
Ageing or intoxication of a lambda sensor can This shift is detected by the engine control
result in a displacement of the voltage curves unit and compensated for (adapted) within
of the upstream sensor (sensor shift). certain limits.
Adaptation of Adaptation of
upstream upstream
sensor o.k. sensor not o.k.
1 1
U U U U
t t t t
2 3 2 3
SP39_29 SP39_30

t = Time 2 Sensor upstream of catalytic converter
3 Sensor downstream of catalytic converter
Lambda sensors Note:

The presence of condensation,
Diagnosis of the lambda sensor heater particularly during the cold-start
phase, can in certain circumstances
The engine control unit detects whether the damage the heated sensor. This risk
heating capacity of the lambda sensor is in does not exist in the case of the
proper order by means ofcopyright.
the measurement of upstream sensor because it is
Protected by Copying for private or commercial purposes, in part or in whole, is not permitted
the sensor heater resistance.
unless authorised by ŠKODA AUTO A. S. ŠKODA AUTO A. S. does not positioned very
guarantee or accept anyclose
liability to the engine.
It can
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright ŠKODA
by be heated
AUTO A. up S.� immediately
after the engine is started. At the

downstream sensor, though,
condensation may occur because of
the greater distance to the engine,
particularly in the initial phase after
the engine is started. That is why
this sensor is not heated until a
temperature of about 300 ˚C has
been reached.
GB 17
Diagnosis of reaction time of upstream sensor
The reaction time of the upstream sensor can Mixture modulation

also be detrimentally affected by ageing or
intoxication. U rich mixture
The fuel/air mixture modulation by the engine

control unit is a requirement for diagnosing
the reaction time. λ=1
This modulation is a slight variation between lean mixture

a lean and a rich mixture. It is produced
artificially by the engine control unit because
the lambda value would be controlled so t
U = Voltage SP39_31
accurately with the broadband sensor that it
t = Time
would always be exactly lambda = 1.
In order to operate properly, however, the Note:

catalytic converter requires slight variations in The engine control unit converts the
the composition of the mixture. sensor pump current as an actual
That is why the composition is modulated by sensor output signal into a voltage
the engine control unit. and controls the mixture modulation
by means of the sensor voltage.
The upstream sensor signal follows

Protected bythe The
copyright. Copying for upstream
private or commercial sensor
purposes, insignal is no
part or in whole, longer
is not permittedable
modulation of the fuel/air mixture of the to follow the modulation of the fuel/air
engine control unit. mixture of the engine control unit.
Upstream Upstream
1 1
U U U U
t t t t
2 3 2 3
SP39_32 SP39_33
t = Time 2 Sensor upstream of catalytic converter
3 Sensor downstream of catalytic converter
18 GB
Diagnosis of control limit of downstream
sensor
If the composition of the fuel/air mixture is If the control limits which are defined for the
optimal, the downstream sensor voltage lambda value are exceeded, the EOBD detects
moves within a range which corresponds this as a fault.
approximately to lambda = 1. A higher or
lower sensor voltage indicates a richer or a The causes of such faults may be not only a
leaner mixture. faulty downstream sensor but also, for
example, ageing of the upstream sensor,
If variations are detected, the engine control inadequate efficiency of the catalytic converter
unit continues to correct the composition of or also "unmetered air".
the fuel/air mixture by means of the lambda
control value "m" until the lambda value is
again approximately 1.
Downstream
Correct control control loop o.k.
As the oxygen concentration in the exhaust 1

gas rises (lean mixture), the voltage at the
downstream sensor drops. m U
The engine control unit thereupon alters the b
composition of the mixture by means of the
lambda control value "m". A richer mixture is a
produced. The voltage of the downstream
sensor rises and the engine control unit is t t
again able to lower the lambda control value.
2 3
SP39_34
Control limit exceeded

Downstream
control loop
In this case also the oxygen concentration in
not o.k.
the exhaust rises (lean mixture) and the
sensor voltage also drops initially.
1
The process for producing a richer mixture is
initiated but the sensor voltage now continues
to remain low despite this because of the fault m U
Protected by copyright. Copying for private or commercial purposes, in partb or in whole, is not permitted
which exists. The sensor does not
unless reactby to
authorised theAUTO A. S. ŠKODA AUTO A. S. does not guarantee or accept any liability
ŠKODA
control. a
t t
m= Lambda control value
U= Voltage
2 3
t = Time 1 Engine control unit
b = Upper control limit 2 Upstream sensor
a = Lower control limit 3 Downstream sensor
SP39_35
GB 19
Diagnosis of movement of downstream

sensor
Proper operation of the downstream sensor is In the deceleration mode, the ratios are
additionally monitored by the engine control exactly the opposite.
unit checking the signals of the sensor in the The fuel feed is shut off, which causes the
deceleration and acceleration modes. The oxygen concentration in the exhaust to rise
basis for this evaluation is the opening angle and the sensor voltage must drop.
of the throttle valve.
If these reactions do not occur, the engine
During acceleration, the oxygen concentration control unit detects a faulty downstream
in the exhaust drops, the fuel/air mixture sensor.
becomes richer and the sensor voltage must
rise.
Example for the case of "acceleration of

vehicle"
Downstream Downstream
1 1
α U α U
t t t t
2 3 2 3
SP39_36
with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by ŠKODA AUTO SP39_37
A. S.�
α = Opening angle of throttle valve 1 Engine control unit

U = Voltage 2 Sensor upstream of catalytic converter
t = Time 3 Sensor downstream of catalytic converter
20 GB
Tank ventilation system
Flow diagnosis Modulation diagnosis
If a large quantity of fuel is bonded in the The test is conducted with its own test
activated charcoal filter, the fuel/air mixture is interval. In this case, the solenoid valve for the
made richer by admixing this fuel bonded in activated charcoal filter system is opened
the activated charcoal filter, to the intake air. slightly and closed again in a defined rhythm.
In the opposite case, it becomes leaner. This This in turn modulates the intake manifold
change is registered by the upstream sensor pressure which is detected by the intake
and serves as a confirmation for proper manifold pressure sensor, transmitted to the
operation of the tank ventilation system. engine control unit where it is analysed.
Tank ventilation Tank ventilation

o.k. not o.k.
1 1
a P a P
t t t
unless authorised by ŠKODA AUTO A. S. ŠKODA AUTO A. S. does not guarantee or accept any liability t
4 4
3 5 3 5
2 2
SP39_38 SP39_39
a = Opening stroke of solenoid valve 1 Engine control unit

t = Time 2 Tank
P = Pressure 3 Activated charcoal filter
4 Solenoid valve for activated charcoal filter system
5 Intake manifold pressure sensor
GB 21
Cylinder-selective detection of
ignition misfiring
Irregular engine running method
The engine speed sensors detects

irregularities in the engine speed which are
caused by ignition misfiring. In combination
with the signal supplied by camshaft position
sensor, the engine control unit is able to select The two methods differ in terms of the
the cylinder which is the cause of the problem, analysis of the engine speed signal.
store the fault and switch on the exhaust
warning light.
Momentary analysis method
The momentary analysis method is used, as is

the irregular engine running method, to detect Compression in cylinder 1 (illustration simplified to
ignition misfiring at a particular cylinder on show only cylinder 1)
the basis of the signal supplied by the engine
speed sensor and the camshaft position n
sensor.
The momentary analysis method compares

the irregular engine speed "n", which is the
result of the ignition misfiring, with defined t
computed inputs in the engine control unit.
During the compression stroke the kinetic

energy of the engine is utilised to compress
the fuel/air mixture. The speed of the engine
decreases.
SP39_40
n = Engine speed
t = Time
Basis for this calculation: The momentary variations of the engine

which are calculated in this way, are more
– the torque dependent on engine load meaningful than the results of the irregular
and speed unless authorised by ŠKODA AUTO A. S. ŠKODA engine
AUTO A.running method.
S. does not guarantee or accept any liability
respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by ŠKODA AUTO A. S.�
– the flywheel mass withand the resulting
characteristic of the engine speed It is necessary, however, to analyse the
characteristic of the engine speed for each
engine type and to store this in the engine
control unit.
22 GB
Compression is followed by ignition. Engine Ignition in cylinder 1
speed increases. Consequently, engine speed (illustration simplified to show only cylinder 1)
varies each time combustion or compression
takes place.
n
If we look at all the cylinders, the result which
we obtain is the curve based on the
superimposition of the individual engine
speed variations.
t
This is transmitted by the engine speed sensor
to the engine control unit where it is
compared with the computations stored.
SP39_41
n = Engine speed
Detecting ignition misfiring on the basis of the t = Time
engine speed signal
no misfiring Misfiring
1 1
n n
t t
2 2
n = Engine speed by ŠKODA AUTO A. S. ŠKODA AUTO A.
unless authorised
SP39_42 1 Engine
S. does not guarantee control
or accept unit
any liability
SP39_43
t = Time 2 Engine speed sensor
If ignition misfiring occurs, the exhaust warning light comes on and remains on and a fault
is stored in the fault memory.
If, however, the catalytic converter may be damaged by ignition misfiring, and the curve
remains within the dangerous load-engine speed range, the exhaust warning light flashes.
The fuel feed to the corresponding cylinder is shut off.
GB 23
Exhaust gas recirculation
Pressure diagnosis
At the moment the exhaust gas is directed into EGR

the intake manifold, the intake manifold o.k.
pressure sensor detects a rising pressure (i.e.
a reduced vacuum).
1
The engine control unit compares this change P+
in pressure with the quantity of the exhaust t
gases supplied, and deduces from this the
function of the exhaust gas recirculation
system.
P-
3
SP39_44
The diagnosis is carried out only in the EGR

deceleration mode (because fuel not o.k.
injection would act as a disturbance
variable for the measurement). 1
P+
t
P-
P+ = Pressure
P– = Vacuum 2
t = Time
3
1 Engine control unit
2 EGR valve
3 Intake manifold pressure sensor
SP39_45
24 GB
Secondary air system
The upstream sensor signal (broadband

sensor) is used for checking the operation of Secondary air
the secondary air system. system o.k.
The broadband sensor supplies detailed

results of measurements for evaluation to the 1
engine control unit. 2
λ
The actual secondary air supplied is calculated
from the difference (lambda value prior to and 4
during secondary air delivery), and the 3
operation of the secondary air system is
t
checked in this way. 5
This is known as flow diagnosis.
6 7
SP39_46
Secondary
air system
not o.k.
1
2
λ = Lambda λ
t = Time
4
3
1 Engine control unit t
2 Secondary air pump relay 5
3 Secondary air injection valve
4 Secondary air pump 6 7
5 Combination valve
6 Sensor upstream of catalytic
converter SP39_47
7 Sensor downstream of catalytic
converter
GB unless authorised by ŠKODA AUTO A. S. ŠKODA AUTO A. S. does not guarantee or accept any liability 25
Charge pressure control
Charge pressure limit diagnosis
The charge pressure of turbo engines is This is intended to protect the engine,
checked as part of the EOBD to which will be subjected to excessive
determine whether it exceeds the loads if the charge pressures are too
maximum permitted charge pressure. high.
Charge pressure limit is exceeded Guard function is activated
The maximum permissible charge pressure Signalling and storing the fault is not
may be exceeded if a fault exists in the charge sufficient in such a case. It is also necessary to
pressure control: switch off the turbocharger in order to avoid
the engine suffering any damage. The
The charge pressure sensor signals the charge "wastegate" of the turbocharger is opened for
pressure which exists at that moment to the this purpose and the exhaust gases are
engine control unit, and the engine control diverted around the turbocharger.
unit detects the fault.
Charge Guard function

pressure control is activated
not o.k.
1 1
P+ P+
2
2 P- P-
t t
5 5
3 3
Exhaust Exhaust
4 4
SP39_48 SP39_49
P = Pressure 1 Engine control unit

t = Time 2 Charge pressure control solenoid valve
3 Turbocharger with charge pressure control
valve
4 Wastegate
5 Charge pressure sensor; in charge air cooler
26 with respect to the correctness of information in this document. Copyright by ŠKODA AUTO GBA. S.�
Electronic Power Control
The driver request and the signals which are 6

produced as a result, are transmitted by the
accelerator pedal module to the engine
control unit. 3 2
The engine control unit uses this information

to calculate how the torque request can best 1
be implemented.
The request is implemented by operating the

throttle valve the position of which is varied EPC 5
by an electric motor, by controlling the 4
ignition and the fuel injection.
SP39_56
This enables the position of the throttle valve
to be adapted to the particular general 1 Engine control unit
conditions which exist in each driving 2 Accelerator pedal module
situation. 3 Throttle valve control unit
4 Ignition, fuel injection
5 EPC (Electronic Power Control) fault light
6 Additional signals come, for example, from the
The EOBD also makes use of the diagnosis – cruise control system
functions of the Electronic Power Control. – air conditioning system
– idle speed control
Faults are indicated by the electronic power – lambda control
control fault light. – automatic gearbox and ABS/ESP
If these faults continue to exist in the

subsequent driving cycles, the EOBD also The following are tested
switches on the exhaust warning light.
– accelerator pedal position sensor
– angle sensor for throttle valve drive
GB 27
CAN databus
Data diagnosis
Each engine control unit is aware of the

control units which are exchanging
information over the CAN databus. If the
"minimum" number of messages is not
received, a fault is detected.
– engine control unit

Control units which make use of the – control unit in dash panel insert
CAN databus, are for example – ABS/ESP control unit
– automatic gearbox control unit
CAN databus operating properly Interruption in CAN databus
All the control units connected to the A control unit is not able to transmit
particular databus regularly transmit information to the engine control unit. The
messages to the engine control unit. The latter engine control unit registers that information
detects that there is no message missing and has not been received, identifies the
that the data transfer is operating properly. component and stores the fault.
CAN databus CAN databus

o.k. not o.k.
1 1
2 2
A B C A
unless authorised by ŠKODA AUTO A. S. ŠKODA AUTO A. S. does not guarantee or accept any liability B C
SP39_50 SP39_51
1 Engine control unit A, B, C Various control units in the vehicle

2 CAN databus
28 GB
Self-Diagnosis
Readiness code
As part of the EOBD all exhaust-relevant The readiness code is an 8-digit numerical
electrical components are continuously code. It does not provide any information of
checked to ensure they are operating properly. which faults are present in the system.
In addition, diagnoses are conducted of It provides information regarding the status of

exhaust-relevant systems at regular intervals the diagnosis:
when driving in order to be able to detect any 0 - diagnosis has been successfully
variations (e.g. in the exhaust gas recirculation completed
system). 1 - diagnosis was aborted
- was not yet carried out
The readiness code is used as verification for - could not yet be carried out
ensuring that the diagnoses have been - was not successfully ended
conducted correctly and completely.
Meaning of the 8-digit numerical block for readiness code

Only if all display places are "0" have all the diagnoses been successfully completed.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diagnosis function *
0 Catalytic converter
0 Catalytic converter heater
0 Activated charcoal filter system

(tank ventilation system)
0 Secondary air system
0 Air conditioning
0 Lambda sensors
0 Lambda sensor heater
0 Exhaust gas recirculation system
* Depending on the engine version, it is possible that certain diagnosis

functions do not apply. In this case, the readiness code is then always
set to "0". You can find more information regarding this in the relevant
Workshop Manual.
GB 29
Self-Diagnosis
Version 1 Version 2
... with any desired data reader ... with the V.A.G diagnosis
(irrespective of the testers 1552, 1551 or with the
manufacturer) ... (not yet VAS diagnosis system 5051.
available at present.
… reading
readiness
code
… generating
Version 1 Version 2 Version 3
conduct a NEDC (New drive for an adequately conduct engine-specific

European Driving Cycle) long period in average test routines with the
driving mode until all aid of the V.A.G
the components of diagnosis testers or the
relevance for diagnosis
VAS diagnosis system
unless authorised by ŠKODA AUTO A. S. ŠKODA AUTO A. S. are
doesdetected
not guarantee or accept any liability stated
SP39_52
30 GB
Diagnosis testers
The readiness code can be generated and read

using the
– vehicle system tester V.A.G 1552

– fault reader V.A.G 1551, and the
– vehicle diagnosis, measuring and
information system VAS 5051
Reading readiness code
– Connect diagnosis tester

– Switch ignition on
– Operating mode "Vehicle self-diagnosis"
Address word SP33_73

01 … Engine electronics
Functions
SP39_58
01 - Interrogating control unit version
02 - Interrogating fault memory
03 - Final control diagnosis
04 - Basic setting
05 - Erasing fault memory
06 - Ending output
07 - Coding control unit
08 - Reading measured value block Note:
15 - Readiness code If the fault memory of the engine
control unit is erased, the readiness
The readiness code is displayed by selecting code is also reset, or erased.
address word 01, function 15 or function 08,
and display group number 100.
Generating readiness code
The readiness code can be generated by

means of the test routines described in the
particular Workshop Manual.
The procedure may differ depending on the

engine management system.
Note:
You can find a detailed description of
the requirements and the procedure
for generating the readiness code in
the respective Workshop Manual.
GB 31
Terms
Adaptation Lambda control value

adapting to changed conditions The lambda control value is determined by the
engine control unit on the basis of the signals
supplied by the lambda sensors and the
D2, D3, D4 operating state of the engine (e.g. engine
different emission standards in the Federal speed, load). This value is used as a basis for
Republic of Germany altering the fuel/air mixture until the ratio is
optimal for the particular operating state.
NEDC
New European Driving Cycle for determining Modulation
the exhaust emissions of motor vehicles Altering or adapting the modulation frequency
of a signal
OBD
km/h
On-Board Diagnosis
120
Readiness code
60
8-digit numerical code which indicates the
status of the exhaust-relevant diagnoses
0 SAE code
195 390 585 780 1180 s
fault code which is defined by the Society of
SP39_54 Automotive Engineers, and which is
mandatory for all OBD systems
EOBD
Euro On-Board Diagnosis unless authorised by ŠKODAWastegate
AUTO A. S. ŠKODA AUTO A. S. does not guarantee or accept any liability
with respect to the correctness
(alsoof information
knowninas this document.
bypass) Copyright by ŠKODA AUTO A. S.�
The wastegate allows excess exhaust gases to

EU II, EU III, EU IV flow past the drive of the turbocharger. This
emission standards of the European Union makes it possible to switch the turbocharger
off or also to reduce its capacity.
Lambda LSF
(air index, λ) Lambda Sensor Flat (two-point sensor)
coefficient which describes the air
concentration in the fuel/air mixture. LSH
Lambda Sensor Heated (finger sensor)
λ < 1.0 rich mixture
λ > 1.0 lean mixture LSU
λ = 1.0 theoretical optimum mixing Lambda Sensor Universal (broadband sensor)
ratio of fuel/air
Air quantity supplied

= Lambda
Air demand
32 GB
Test Your Knowledge
Which answers are correct?

Sometimes only one.
But, possibly also more than one – or all of them!
Please complete the missing points.
1. The EOBD
A. is an adaptation of OBD II to match the

provisions of the European Union.
B. is identical in all respects to OBD II.
C. applies to all internal combustion engines.
2. The broadband sensor
A. has a jump characteristic around λ = 1.

B. is a combination of 2 cells, a Nernst cell and a pump cell.
C. makes it possible to achieve a lambda control between λ = 0.7 and λ = 4.
3. Until which date did purchasers of new cars not fitted with EOBD receive an initial
registration within the EU provided the new cars complied with the emission standard
EU II?
A. 31.12.1999
B. 01.02.2000
C. 31.12.2000
4. When does the exhaust warning light K83 flash?
A. If the catalytic converter may be damaged by ignition misfiring.

B. Every time a fault occurs in the exhaust system.
C. If an exhaust-relevant fault is stored in the fault memory.
GB 33
Test Your Knowledge
5. What are the important points to note when replacing a broadband sensor,
A. that broadband sensor and engine control unit are a system and must therefore be
replaced complete.
B. that the broadband sensor must always be replaced complete with cable and
connector.
C. that broadband sensor and engine control unit are a system and must therefore be
matched to each other.
6. The readiness code
A. provides information of which faults are present in the system.

B. is an 8-digit numerical code which states whether certain diagnoses have been
successfully completed, have been aborted, or not yet carried out, could not yet be
carried out or were not completed successfully.
C. is an 8-digit numerical code which indicates the status of exhaust-relevant
diagnoses.
7. In order to generate the readiness code
A. carry out an NEDC.

B. warm up the engine to its operating temperature of 60 ˚C and increase engine speed
to 2000 rpm.
C. drive a car for an adequately long period in the average driving mode until all the
components of relevance for the diagnosis are detected.
1. A.; 2. B., C.; 3. C.; 4. A.; 5. B., C.; 6. B., C.; 7. A., C.
Answers:
34 GB
Notes
GB 35

Euro On Board Diagnosis

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EOBD … a further step toward protecting and maintaining out atmosphere

Detecting Engine Load 8

Test Your Knowledge 33

Service Service Service Service Service Service Service Service

You will find notes on inspection and maintenance,

The first efforts aimed at reducing the

Even in those days, it was clear that such

As traffic density increased, it was also the

In order to counter this trend, a diagnosis

Development of pollutant emissions SP39_05

This diagnosis system was also introduced in

EOBD does not differ significantly from OBD II.

EOBD is an adaptation of the OBD II diagnosis

Malfunctions and faulty components can

at a technically acceptable cost.

The EOBD has to satisfy the following

– Display of the operating conditions

– Visual warning indication if operating – Definitions of when and how an

– Protection of the catalytic converter – Standardised names/abbreviations

The EU passed EU Directive 98/69/EC on

This is also important for the introduction of

Since 01.01.2000 automobile manufacturers

Transitional period within the EU

The transitional period relates to vehicles

and to operate it to an unlimited extent

Type testing approval of motor vehicles in the EU

New vehicle models New vehicle models

Year 2000 Year 2001

New vehicles New vehicles without EOBD New vehicles

Vehicles fitted with EOBD Indication of fault by exhaust warning light

Even prior to the introduction of EOBD, If a fault occurs which results in a

– Possibility of assessing the stored faults at

If there is a risk of the catalytic converter being

If an exhaust-relevant malfunction is detected, flashes.

A variation exists in the way in which

Engine management systems

detection of intake manifold pressure detection of air mass

Intake manifold Air mass meter

Ignition Injection Ignition Injection

* On turbo engines, the charge pressure is

Platform A04 Fabia

Engine Engine management Engine code letters Detects

1.4-ltr./44 kW Simos AZF Intake manifold pressure

1.4-ltr./50 kW Simos AQW Intake manifold pressure

1.4-ltr./16 V/55 kW Magneti-Marelli AUA Intake manifold pressure

1.4-ltr./16 V/74 kW Magneti-Marelli AUB Intake manifold pressure

2.0-ltr./85 kW Motronic AZL Air mass

Engine Engine management Engine code letters Detects

1.4-ltr./55 kW Motronic AXP Intake manifold pressure

1.6-ltr./75 kW Simos AVU Air mass

1.8-ltr./110 kW Motronic AUM, ARX Air mass

2.0-ltr./85 kW Motronic AQY, AZH Air mass

Characteristic curve and range of

Determining the lambda value in the exhaust Sensor downstream

Two-point sensor SP39_15

The voltage US output by the sensor is used

The sensors merely indicate whether the

Broadband lambda sensor Range of jump

The LSU - lambda sensor universal is a new Ip

The lambda value is determined by utilising

The curve of the pump current is constantly

The broadband sensor is used as an upstream

are explained by making use of simplified