iiad_tn-30/03/2023-0003167 - Allegato Utente 1 (A01)

THE
PLAYGROUP PRESENTS

Dracul
a
BRAM STOKER’
S

STUDENTWORKSHEETS
v
oca
bul
ar
yof I
mport
antwor
CanyoufindtheIt
dsi
ali
nt
ant
heper
r
ans
lat
f
i
or
manc
on?
e.
p
age0
2
t
hes
how Someexampl
esareal
readydoneforyou.

bi l
l acqua
blood aglio
bride/wi fe collo
cas tle croce
coffin bara
c ontrac t bigli
eo
cros s bollea
darknes s casa
girl
fri
end castell
o
hous e contrao
j
ourney croce
l
ight diari
o
nec k fidanz ata
bride i
nc ubo
dia ry l
uc e
garlic ma rt
ello
hammer mogl i
e
nightma re palo
passpor t pas s
apor t
o
stak e sangue
sun servit
ore
ti
cket sole
v a
mpi re tenebre
servant vampi ro
wa ter viaggio

Tobuy amar e
Todepar t averbi sogno
Todr eam baciar e
Todr i
nk bere
Tokill cercar e always affamat o
Tokiss compr are beaut iful assetato
Toknow dormi re danger ous bell
o
Tol ookf or firmar e delicious cai vo
Tol ove manc are evil deli
z i
oso
Tomar ry partire hol y fortunat
o
Tomi ss prome er e hungr y giovane
Toneed prender e lucky mai
Topr omise saper e never pericol
oso
Tos ell(sol
d-s
old) scri
ver e thi r
st y santo
Tos ign sognar e ti
red sempr e
Tos leep spos are young stanco
Tot ake uccider e
Towr i
te vender e
s
ummar
yof p
age0
3
t
hes
to
ry
Themy st
eri
ousCountDr ac
ulawantstobuyahous ei
nEngl andsothepr
oper-
tyagentJ
onathanHa r
kergoestoDracula
’scastl
einTransylv
a ni
awit
hacon-
tr
act.Whil
eHa r
kerisatthecas
tle
,ma nystrangethi
ngsha ppen.Heismadea
pri
soneri
nthec as
tleandCountDraculatra
velstoEngl
a nd.

Hi
sfia nc
éeMi naandherfr
iendLuc yexchangele er
sbackhome.ButLucy
st
art
sa c
tingstr
angel
yandaf ri
endc al
l
sthef amousdoc
tor,
VanHelsi
ng.Van
Hel
si
nge vent
uall
ydis
cover
st hatLucyhasbeenbienbyav ampi
re.

Lucyhasmanybl
oodtrans
fus
ionswit
houtsuc
ces
sa ndunf
ort
unat
elyshedi
es.
Evenmoreal
armi
ng,nowsheisundead:
shehasal
sobecomeavampir
e.

Theonlywa ytoki
l
lav ampir
eistodri
vea woodenstaket
hroughthehear
t.
Sot hemenfindas take
,kil
lherandnows hec
anresti
npea c
e.Themenreali
se
thatthecauseofal
lthi
sisCountDracul
a,sot
heydeci
detohunthim down.

Meanwhil
eMi naisnowunderDracul
a’
sspel
lbutVanHel
singhypnoti
sesher
sot
hattheyc anfindDracul
a.Thi
shappenswhenCountDracul
atri
estore-
en-
t
erthecastl
e.Theyki
ll
himandhei st
urnedtodust
.NowJonathanHarkercan
mar
ryhisloveMina.

I
lmi st
eriosoCont eDr acul
av uoleacquistareunacasainInghil
terraeper
questol'agenteimmobi li
areJ onathanHa rkersirec
aa l
ca st
ell
odi Dracul ain
Transi
lvaniaconunc ontra o. Ment rel'
agenteHa r
kerèa lcast
ellosucc edono
moltec osestrane.Ha r
ker vienef a oprigioni
eroedurantelas uapr i
gi
oni a
Draculav ainInghil
terr
a .
 
I
nInghilterra,
 
Mi na,lafida nza t
adi Harker,elasuaa mi
caLuc ys i
s cambia no
del
lele er e.
 Lucyper òinizi
aac ompor t
a rsii
nmodos tranoeduna mic o
chi
a mai lf
amos omedi co,do orVa nHel singilqual
e al
lafines coprec heLuc y
èstatamor s
adaunv ampiro.

Lucyri
cevemol tetras
fus i
onidisanguesenzasucces
s oe,purtr
oppo, muore.
Mai lf
a opi uall
armanteec heinr eal
tànonèmor ta:èdivent
a t
aunv ampir
o.
 
L'
unicomodoperuc ci
der eunva mpir
oèquel l
oditrafiggereils
uoc uorecon
unpa l
odilegno.HarkereVa nHel si
ngtrovano 
unpalo,laucci
donoeor apuò
ri
posarei
npa ce.Essisirendonoc ont
oc helacaus
adi tu ol'ac
cadutoèil
conteDracula,
cosìdecidonodi dargl
ilacac
c i
a.
 

Nelfra empoMinaèor aso ol'

incant
esi
modi Drac
ula,maVa nHel
si
nglai
p-
noti
zzainmododaf ar
sicondurr
edaDr acul
a.Ciò accadequa ndoi
lcont
e
Dracul
ac er
cadir
incas
arenelcastel
l
o.Gli
inseguit
oril
o uc c
idonoedegli
 si
tr
asformainpol
vere
.Or aJ
onathanHa r
kerpuòs posar
ei l
suoa moreMina.

[
Thankst
oGDf
ort
het
rans
lat
ion]
s
ummar
yof Advanc
Canyouc
eds
omlet
ummar
ethet
yoft
ex
t?
hest
ory
.
p
age0
4
t
hes
to
ry Thewor
dsyouneedar ear
eont hele.

PARTONE
Mi
ssi
ngWor
ds AnEngl is
hpr opertyagentnamedMi chaelMor ris_____________a
le erfrom aCountDr acula,whowant st obuyahous einEngl and.Mor ri
s
babies sendsacont racthisas s
istant,J
onathanHar kertomaket hel ong
beautiul _____________t
f oCountDr acula'scas tl
einTr ansylvania.
c
annot At firs
t Dracula i
svery hospitabl
e butso on Ha r
ke rdiscovers thathe
coffin _ ___ _ __ __ _ ___ leave thecastl
e an dh asin f
ac tbeco me apri
soner!
j
our ney Oneni ghtHar kertri
estoes cape,butiss toppedbyt hree
_____________f emal evampires, t
hebr i
desofDr acula.Theytr yto
r
eceives
bit
ehim butt heCounts topsthem. Later,Har kerdiscoverst hatDr acula
sl
eepsi na_____________i nar oom undert hecas tl
edur ingthe
dayands t
eals_____________f rom t het ownnear by .

PARTTWO
I
nt henex tpar tofthes tor
y,wegot oEngl andandmeetHar ker '
sfianc ée
Mi na, andayoungl adynamedLuc y.
ThenaRus sians hipisdestroyedi nWhi tby,nor thEngl and, duringat erri
-
animal bles torm. An_____________l ikeal ar
gedogj umpsofft hes hip,whic his
dog carryingac argoof50box esofear thfrom Tr ansylvania.
neck Wedi scovert hatt he _____________i sDr aculawhos howst he
Renfield abili
tyt o _____________i nt oothers hapes .Hehasar ri
vedinEn-
t
ransform gland a nds oo n shows greatinter
e sti
n Mi na and her fri
e nd,Lu cy.Soon
a er war dsMi naobs ervesthatherf ri
endi sac ti
ngs trangelyandfinds
twol il ehol esi nLuc y’
s_____________.
Drac ulameet s______________, ani nsanemanwhoc apturesand
eatsins ects,s pider
s,birds,andot hercreaturest oabs or bthei r‘l
if
ef orce’
.
Renfiel dbegi nst oactasaki ndofvampi r
es er vantforDr acula.

PARTTHREE
Finall
y,Minar eceivesale erf r
om Harker.Het el
lsherhehas
_____________f r
om Dr acul
a’
sc ast
leandi sinBudapes t.Buthei s
i
ll
, soMi natravelstoHungar ytoac c
ompanyhi m bac ktoEngl and. Mean-
blood w hil
e,Lucy i
s not well
,and becomesw eakeran d pal
er.Th esp eci
ali
stvam-
c
emet ery pire_____________, Dr.VanHels i
ngarrivesandgi vesLuc ya
es caped _ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ tr
an sf
usionbutisu nsuccessfulan dsh ed i
es.
heart Har kerandMi nar eturntoLondon. Meanwhi l
eDr ac
ulai screatingchaos:
severalbabieshavedi sappearednearthe_____________. Harker
hunter
des cri
beshisexper i
encesinDr acul
a'
sc ast
letoVanHel s
ing,whoc onnects
stake Dr acul
awi t
hLuc y;hereali
zesthatLucyhasbec omeavampi reandi sab-
duc ti
ngandbi ti
ngl ocalchil
dren.VanHelsingandMor ganc aptureLuc y
.
Theydr iveawooden_____________t hroughher
_____________andc utoffherhead. Finall
ys hec anr estinpeace.

PARTFOUR
Meanwhi l
e,Dracul
ahasc hosenMi naforhi snex
t_____________
ki
ll andbeginstotransf
orm herintoa_____________. VanHelsi
ng
mar ri
ed andtheot her
strytosaveher ,butreal
isetheyhaveto
saved _____________Dr ac ul
at odoi t
.TheyfindDr acul
ainhisLondon
vampi r
e homebuthemanagest oes cape.TheyfollowhimtoEurope,anda era
vi
ctim chasetheyputaknifeinhishear tandc utoffhishead.AsDracul
a'sbody
dis
integr
ates,
Mi nai
s_____________. SheandHarkerwil
llat
erget
______________.
h
owt
oki
ll Fi
Howt
ndt
oki
l
lavampi
henamesoft
re
.
heobj
(
ec
Andhownott
ts
.Twooft
oki
hes
l
lavampi
ear
eNOT
re)
.
p
age0
4a
v
amp
ir
es waystoki
l
lavampire.
.
.whic
harethey?

Therear
emanythi
ngst
hatvampi
resdonotl
i
ke.
Heresomeoft
hem:
Noos
e,Pi
stol
,Bul
l
et,
Hol
yWat
er,
Hammer&St
ake
,Mi
rr
or,
Cros
s,Gar
li
c,MI
rr
or,
Sun

Butonl
yoneoft
hes
ewi
l
lac
tual
l
yki
l
lavampi
re
Whichi
sit
?
Why?

____O _

___ __R___ ___L__

______
___Y /_____ & _____ __L___

_____ _R___ __O __

p
ic
tu
re Recreat
etheor
igi
nals
tor
yofDr
acul
aus
ingpi
ctur
es
p
age0
5
s
to
ry ands
entences.
p
ic
tu
re p
age0
6
s
to
ry

Adv
anc
edpi
ct
ures
tor
y
NB:Oneoft
hes
esent
enc
esdoesnotbel
ongt
otheDr
acul
ast
ory!
1.J
onathanes
capesf
rom t
hecast
leandt
ell
sVanHelsi
ngaboutCountDrac
ula.VanHel
singunder
standst
hat
Lucyisnowavampir
e.VanHel
si
ngdescr
ibeswhatvampi
resl
ikeandwhattheydon’
tli
ke.

2.J
onathan,VanHel
si
ngandtheothersfol
l
owCountDracul
abacktoTr
ansyl
vani
a.Theyhavegarl
i
c,across
,
hol
ywat er
,ahammerandstakeandotherthi
ngst
hatvampi
resdonotl
ike
.Inaba letheyfinal
lyki
llDr
acula
andpeaceonc emor
eret
urnstothei
rli
ves.

3.J
onat
hanHar
kerworksforMiachelMor gan.OnedayMrMor
gant
ell
sHar
kerhemus
ttakei
mpor
tant
document
stoacl
ientwholi
vesinac as
tleinEastEur
ope
.

4.
Jonat
hant
ravel
stoMadr
idwher
ehemeet
sDol
ores
,aflamenc
odanc
er.
Theymar
ryandhavef
ourc
hil
-
dr
en.

5.Lucydi
esbutVanHel s
ingandJ onat
handis
covert
hatsheleavesher
coffinatnightandbi t
eschi
ldr
en.Inordert
okillt
hevampirei
nhert he
profes
sor
,Jonat
hanandt heothersopenhercoffinanddrivea
woodenstakethroughherheart.

6.Dracul
ahasarr
ivedi
nEngl
and.Heuseshi
smagict
obring
Lucy,afr
iendofMina,
toWhit
byc emet
erywher
ehebit
esher
neckanddr i
nkss
omeofherblood.

7.J
onathantravelsbytr
ainfr
om LondontoTransyl
vani
a.
Hemus tgiveac ontr
acttoCountDracul
awhowant s
tobuyahous einLondon. Hewri
tesinhi
sdiaryabout
Mina,hisgir
lf
ri
end.

8.
Lucyisveryil
l
.Herboyfr
iendasksforhel
p.Averyimpor
tants
cienti
st,Pr
ofes
sorJ
uli
usVanHel
si
ngar
ri
ves
.
HeseesthatLucyhasl
ostalotofbloodandgivesherabl
oodtr
ans f
usion.

9.
Meanwhi
le,
inatowni
ntheNort
hEastofEngl
andcal
ledWhi
tby
,aRuss
ianshi
pful
lofboxesofTr
ans
ylva-
ni
anear
thc
rashesi
ntot
hepor
t.Alar
geani
mal,s
imi
lart
oadogorawolf
,jumpsofftheshi
p.

10.A ersomedaysinDr
acul
a’
scas
tleJ
onathanreal
i
seshei
sapr
isoner
.Hes
eesmanys
tranget
hings
.One
nightt
hreebeaut
if
ulwomenent
erhi
sbedroom andtryt
obi
tehi
sneck.
ma
kea Makeabatmas
k.
p
age0
7
ma
sk
Youwi
llneed:Colour
edcardboar
d,c
olouredpenc
il
s
ormar
kers,sc
issorsandapprox60cm el
asti
c.
I
nst
ruc
ti
ons
1.
Col ourandcutoutthema skandwings(p8)
.
2.Gluethewingstotheba ckofthemask.
3.Ma keholesonthesideoftheface
.
4.Aa chelas
tict
otheholes.
5.Foldthewingsfor
wa rd.

1.
Colorareeri
tagl
iarelamascheraelea l
i(p8)
.
2.I
ncoll
areleal
ial
l’
indiet
rodell
ama s
c hera
Occor
ent
e:Cart
onci
nocolor
ato,
ma ti
tecol
or-
3.Far
e2buc hiail
atidell
amascheracomei ndi
cat
o.
at
eopenerel
l
i,f
orbi
ci
,ca.
60c m di
elast
ico
4.Aa ccareunelasti
co.
5.Pi
egareleal
iinavanti.
ma
kea Makeabatmas
k.
p
age0
8
ma
sk Thewi
ngs
.
v
amp
ir
e Howmuc
hdoyouknowaboutvampi
res
? p
age0
9
q
ui
z

Vampi
requi
z
1
.Ar
evampi
resr
ealori
magi
nar
y?

2.
Whatdot
heyeat
?

3.
Whendot
heys
leep?Atni
ghtordur
ingt
heday?

4.
Dot
heyeatgar
li
coroni
ons
?

5.
Whati
savampi
re’
sfavour
it
ecol
our
?

6.Whati
sthec
onnec
tionbet
weenami
rr
orandavampi
re?

7
.Dovampi
resmakes
hadows
?

8.
Canav
ampi
reent
erahous
eifnoti
nvi
ted?

9.Whichofthes
ethi
ngsc
anDr
acul
acont
rol
?
a.Stor
ms
b.Rain
c.RaiDue
d.Fog
e.Snow
f.
Traffic
g.Thunder

10.Whatwillst
opavampi
ref
rom l
eavi
ngt
hec
offin?
a.Aheavys t
one
b.Abranchofwi l
dros
e
c.Di
rt
ys ocks.
d.

11
.CanDr ac
ulac
hangei
nto:
a.Awol f
?
b.Adonkey?
c.Abat?
d.Fog?
e.Atree?
f.
Dus t
?
j
on
ath
anʼ
s p
age1
0
j
ou
rne
y
Har
ker
sjour
neyac
ros
sEur
ope
Par
t01:t
her
out
e.
I
nor dertoarri
veinTransyl
vani
a,
J
onat
hanHar
ker
ʼsJ
our
ney
J
onathanHar kerhastocross
Europe .
Canyoui denti
fythecountr
iesand
thei
rc api
tal
s?Someoft hesewil
l
beus edduri
ngt heshow!

L
ondon

B L
C
B

P L

Dr
acul
aʼs B
Cast
le
B

Not
icehowmanyc api
tal
sbegi
n
wi
ththele erB!
Par
t02:how het
rav
ell
ed

Canyoumatchthepict
ureswit
ht hesewords?
Car
ri
age,
trai
n,donkey
,horse
,bicycl
e.canoe,
ship.

HowdoyouthinkJonat
hantr
avel
led?
Makes
entenc
est oshowhisj
ourney.

f
orexampl
e:
J
onat
hantr
avel
l
edf
rom Engl
andt
oFr
anc
ebys
hip.

Howdi
dhet
ravelf
rom Hungar
ytoRomani
a?

Whathappenedi
nGer
many?
wo
rd Canyoufi ndt
heallchar
act
ersof
p
age1
1
g
ri
d t
hisc
las
sichor
rorst
ory?

Wor
dGr
id
T
ryt
oident
if
y,t
henhi
ghl
i
ghtorc
irc
let
hepr
otagoni
st
sofBr
am St
oker
ʼst
ale.
LUCY,DRACULA,MORRI S,HARKER,
JONATHAN,MINA,VANHELSI
NG,
MORGAN, RENFI
ELD, TRANSYLVANI
A,VAMPIRE(
x2),BLOOD,
DOCTOR
NB:LUCYisdoneforyou!

M
O
R
G
A
t
heci
r
cul
at
or
y Al
laboutt
heli
fef
orc
erunni
ngt
hrough
p
age1
2
s
yst
em t
hehumanbody.

HumanBl
ood
CountDr
acul
a-l
i
keall
vampi
res-isver
yinter
est
edindr
inki
nghumanbl
ood.
Buthowmuchdoyouknowaboutthi
svit
alli
fef
orc
e?

1.How 1.Normal
ly,
Herear
ethe8bl
ood muc h adult
shave
gr
oups. bloodisi
n fr
om 4.7to
theaver- 5.
5lit
res.
agehuma n
Themos tc
ommoni s body?
O+( 36%)andthe
rar
estisAB-(
1%).

2.What
Doyouknowyour doesyour 2.Nutri
ents,
bl
oodgr
oup? bloodcar
ry hormones,
apartf
rom anti
bodies
,
oxygen? mineral
sand
food.

Bl
oodQui
z:amazi
ngbutt
rue
3.Howmanyt
imespermi
nut
edoest
he 2.
From 60t
o120,
dependi
ngonac
tivi
ty.
hear
tbeat
?

4.
Howmanyt
imesi
n1da
y? 4.
About1
00,
000t
imesi
noneda
y.

5.
About35mi
l
li
ont
imesperyear
.
5.
Howmanyt
imesi
n1year
?
6.
Mor
ethan2.
5bi
l
li
ont
imes
!
6.Howmanyti
mesi
nan
enti
rel
i
fet
ime?
7
.Chil
dren:1t
enni
sbal
l
.Adul
ts:
2tenni
s
.
7Howbi
gist
hehear
t? bal
ls.

8.
About20seconds.I
n1
8.Howmuc hti
medoes minute,bl
oodtr
av-
bloodtaketoci
rcul
ate el
saroundthe
throughthehuman body3t i
mes!
body?
9.
19,
000ki
l
ome-
9
.Howf ardoesblood t
res.
t
ravel
inoneda y?
1
0.96,
000ki
l
omet
res
.
1
0.Howlongisthebody’
s
s
yst
em ofar
teri
esandveins
?
t
he Readaboutt
hefasci
nat
ingl
i
feoftheaut
hor
.
p
age1
3
a
uth
or Thenseeifyoucananswert
heques
tions.

T
hel
i
feandwor
kofBr
am St
oker(
1847-1912)
Abr aham " Br am"St okerwasbor ninCl ontar f,as ubur bofDubl in,
IrelandonNovember8t h, 1 847 .Hes pentmuc hofhi sc hi l
dhoodi n
beds uffer ingf rom as eri
esofuni dent i
fiedi ll
nes ses .Thiss timul ated
hisi nt eres ti nbooksandhebec ameanent hus i
as ticreader .Att he
ageofs evenhemadeac ompl et erec overyandbec ameagr eat
spor tsman.
AtTr i
nityCol lege ,Dubl i
nhewasnamedUni ver sityAt hl
et eand
gr aduat edi nMat hemat ics. Bram' sf atherwasac i
vils er
v antin
Dubl inCas tleandl aterhiss onwor kedt her e. ThenSt okerwr otehi s
fir stwor k, Dut i
e sofCl e r
ksofPe ySe s s
ionsi nI reland: Collected
Wor k sofBr am St ok er,buti twasnotpubl i
shedunt i
l187 9,a erhe
wasal readyf amous .
In1 87 2, hepubl ishedt hes hor ts t
or yTheCr ys tal Cupandi n1 875
ThePrimros ePat h, aboutanal cohol icc ar pent erwhomur dershi swi fe. Thebooks etapa er nf orSt ok-
er'
swor kc ombi ninghor rorandr omanc e ,li
ket heChai nofDe stiny. Hewasal soagr eatf anoft het he-
atreandoffer edt owor kasanunpai dt heat rec riticf ordi fferentnews paper s.
Oneeveni ngSt okerwr oteanar ti
cleonaper f
or manc eofHaml ets tarri
ngVi ct
or ianShakes pear eac tor,
SirHenryI r
vi ng. I
rvingwasi mpr ess edbySt oker ’
sr evi ewandi nvitedhi mt owor kasbus inessmanager
fortheLyc eum Theat r
ei nLondon. In1 87 8hel e hi sc ivi
l servicej ob, mar r
iedFl or enc eBal combeand
movedt oLondon. Managi ngt het heat rewasaf ul l-ti
mej obbutSt okermanagedt owr it
es ever alsto-
ri
es.
I
n1 882St okerpubl ishedhi sfir stbook, Unde rt heSuns et,ac ollectionofs caryf airyt alesf orc hi
ldren,
thoughs omec riticsfoundi tt oohor rifyingf oryoungr eader s. Hisfir stf ul l
-l
engt hnovel ,TheSnak e's
Passfoll
owedi n1 890. Hebeganr es ear c hingf orhi snex tnovel , andi n1 897 , Dracul awaspubl i
shed.
Stokerwor kedatt heLyc eum f or27year s.Thec ol labor ationwi thIrvingwasver yi mpor tantf orhi m.
Throught het heat reSt okerc amei nt oc ont actwi t hLondon’ shi ghs oc ietyandal sohadt heoppor t
uni -
tyoftravellingar oundt hewor l
dwi thI rving’ st heat ret our s.
I
n1 905,SirHenr yI rvi
ngdi ed,andhi sdeat hs hoc kedSt okerpr of oundl y, buthec ont inuedt owr i
te,
publi
shingv ariousot herwor ks .Butnot hinghewr otewoul deverc ompar ewi thDr ac ula,thewor ld’s
mos tpopul arands uccessfulhor rors t ory, whi c hc ont i
nuest or eappeari nawi dev arietyofmedi a
forms.Stokerdi edonApr i
l20t h,191 2att heageof64.
Exer
cis
e1-Ans
wert
heques
ti
ons
1.
Wherei sCl
ontarf
?
2.Wheredoyout hi
nkt henameBram comesfrom?
3.WhowasHenr yIrvi
ng?
4.I
nwhichShakespeareplaywasHenryIr
vingper
for
mingwhenSt
okerfir
sts
awhi
m?
5.Whendi dI
rvi
ngdie?
6.WhatyearwasDr aculapubl
is
hed?
7.Whattypeofstoryi
sDr acul
a?
Exer
cis
e2-T
rueorFal
se
1.Bram Stokerwasnotver ygoodats por t
s. 1.
TRUE/F
ALS
E
2.Atuniversit
yhes tudiedl
anguages . 2.
TRUE/F
ALS
E
3.Stoker’
sfatherarrangedforhi ss ontowor kwithhiminDublin 3.
TRUE/F
ALS
E
Castl
e.
4.Hemadel otsofmoneywor kingasat heatr
ec ri
ti
cforl
ocal 4.
TRUE/F
ALS
E
Dublinnews papers
.
5.HenryIrvi
ngi nvi
tedhimt orunt heLyc eum Theatr
einLondon. 5.
TRUE/F
ALS
E
6.Hisfirstbookwaspubl i
shedin1 872. 6.
TRUE/F
ALS
E
7.Thec r
it
icswer eunanimousi nt heirpraisef
orit. 7.
TRUE/F
ALS
E
t
he
mesand Thet
hemesofthework,
thec
ont
extand
p
age1
4
b
ack
gro
und c
ont
emporar
yci
rcumstanc
es.

T
hemesandbackgr
ound
Draculaisoneoft hemos tfamoushor r
ornovelsofallti
me .Publi
s hedin1 897,t
hebook
ar actedmuc hc r
iti
calandpopul ara ent i
onatthet i
meofi tspubl i
cationandt hrough
theyearshasi nspiredc ountlessstori
esandnovel sbyot herauthor s,aswellasnumer ous
theatr
icalandc i
nemaadapt ati
ons .
I
nf act
, Draculahasnevergoneoutofpr intsi
nceitsfirstpublic
ation. Manyc ri
ti
c sregar
d
thenovelast hebes t
-knownandmos tenduri
ngGot hi
cvampi restor yeverpublished.
Draculaisas o-cal
led“ epist
olary”novel,compris
edofl e ers,diar
yent r
ies,newspaper
cui ngs,as hi
p'slog, andphonogr aphrecordi
ngs.

Bi
ogr
aphyofCountDr
acul
a
CountDr ac ula( weneverl ear nhisfir stname)i sac ent ur i
es-oldvampi r
e ,sorcererandTransyl
vaniannoble-
man, whoc laimst obedes c endedf rom A i latheHun. Hel ivesinadec ayi
ngc astl
eintheCarpathianMoun-
tains.Cont r
ar ytot hevampi r
esofEas ternEur opeanf olklorewhi charepor t
rayedasr epul
sive
, c
orpse-
li
ke
creatures ,Dr acula’
snobl ec harm mas kshi stot alevil
.
JonathanHar ker'sJour nal,
Dr acula,Chapt er2des cri
beshi m:
"[Dr acula's]facewasas tr
ong-aver ys trong-aqui line, withhigh
bridgeoft het hinnos eandpec ul
iar
lyar chednos tri
ls;wi thlo ydomed
forehead, andhai rgr owi ngs canti
lyroundt het empl es, butpr ofusely
elsewher e. Hiseyebr owswer everymas s
ive,almos tmeet i
ngovert he
nos e,andwi thbus hyhai rthats eemedt oc urlinitsownpr of usi
on.
Themout h, sof a
ra sIc oulds eeitundert hehea vymous tac he,wa sx ed
andr atherc ruellook i
ng, withpec uli
arl
ys ha r
pwhi t
eteet h;thesepr otr
uded
overt helips,whos erema rkableruddines sshoweda st
oni shingv ita
li
ty
i
namanofhi syear s. Forther est,hisear swer epaleandatt hetopsex t
remel ypointed;t
hec hi
nwasbr oad
ands tr
ong, andt hec heeksfir mt hought hin.Thegener aleffec twasoneofex tr
aordi
narypall
or"
Vi
ctor
iansandt
heSuper
nat
ural
TheVi ctori
anshadagr eatinterestinthes upernaturalandwer efondofghos tstories.Someoft hegreat
-
esthor r
orc reat
ur eswer einvent edbyVi ct
or i
anaut hors.
TheVi ctori
answer eas trangepeopl e.Ont heonehand, theywer epr ac
tical,sci
entificandi nventi
ve;on
theot herhand, theyr eal
lylovedmys ter
iesandt hes upernatural.
TheGot hicnovelst hatbecamepopul ar
duringtheei ght
eent hc enturyc arri
edoveri ntotheni net
eent h,withmos tc onsi
der i
ngMar yShell
ey's
Frankens t
eintobet hepinnac leoft hegenre.TheVi ctori
anwor l
di sanexc el
lentplac eforhorror
.Iti
sa
cultureoftransiti
on. Englandi sas uit
ablesei ngf oradventur esofhor r
orandt hes upernatural
.London
hasi t
snar r
ow, cobbles t
ones treetsandf oggyni ghts.
Ma
jorT
hemes
I
niti
al
ly,Draculawasi nterpretedasas tr
aightfor wardhor rornovel . Yet
l
atercrit
icsbegant oex plorethet hemeofr epr esseds ex
ualitywi thinthe
stor
y.Comment atorsas sert
edthatt het r
ans for mationofDr acula's
femalevicti
ms ,LucyandMi na,from c hastetos exuall
yaggr es s
ives hould
becons i
deredac omment ar
yont hea i t
udet owar dfemal es exualityi
n
Vict
oriansociety.Mor eover,thedr i
nkingofbl oodhasbeenr egar dedasa
metaphorf orsexualintercourse.Ot hercomment atorshavei dent ified
themesofpar ri
c i
de,infantic
ide,andgenderr ever salinDrac ula.
Autobiographi
calaspect
soft henovelhaveals
obeenat opi
cofc r
iti
caldi
scuss
ion,asafewc ommentators
maintai
nt hatthenoveli
sbas edonStoker'
straumati
cexper
ienceswithdoctor
s-andparticul
arl
ythepr
oc e-
dureofblood-lei ng-
asasicklyc
hil
d.Thelit
eraryor
igi
nsofDraculahavebeeninvesti
gated,suchasDr
. Wil
-
l
iam Poli
dori'
sTheVampy re
,ThomasPr est'
sVarneyt
heVampy re
,J.S.LeFanu'
sCarmill
a,andGuydeMaupas -
sant'
s"LeHor l
a."
t
he
mesand Thet
hemesofthework,
thec
ont
extand
p
age1
5
b
ack
gro
und c
ont
emporar
yci
rcumstanc
es.

T
hemesandbackgr
ound
Cr
it
ic
alRec
ept
ion
Ea r
lycrit
icalreact
iontoDr a cul
awa smi xed. Someea r
lyreviewersnot edthe
"unnec essarynumberofhor ri
bleincident s"whichc ould" s
hoc kanddi sgust"
readers.Onec r
it
icevens ugges tedfor biddingc hil
drena ndner vousa dult
s
from readingi t
!
Toda ythena meofDr a
c ulaisfami l
iartoma nypeopl ewhok nownot hing
aboutS t
ok er
,andnot ablythepopul arima geoft hev ampi rebea r
slit
tlesi
mi -
l
a ri
tytoS tokersdemoni cc haracter.Thema nya daptati
onsofDr acul
ai nplays
and l msha vetakengrea tli
bertywi thS tok er
'sori
ginal.YetDr a
culaha sha da
ma ssi
v eimpa ctsi
nceitspubl icati
on. Stoker ’
suniversalf
ea roruniversalfanta
-
syha sbec omeapower ful andla st
ingi ma get hathasbec omeapa r
tofpopu-
l
a rcultur
Vampi
resi
nLi
ter
atur
e
Thefir stment ionofvampi r
esinEnglishl i
teratureappear si
nRober tSout hey'sepicpoem Thal abathe
De str
oyer(1797),wherethemai ncharacterThal aba'sdeadloverOnei zaturnsi nt
oavampi r
e .
Ithasbeen
arguedt hatSamuelTayl orCol
eridge'
spoem Chr istabel(1
816)hasinfluenc edt hedevelopmentofvam-
pirefic t
ion.Theher oineChri
stabeli
ss educ edbyaf emalesupernaturalbeingc all
edGeraldinewhot r
icks
herwayi nt
oherr esidenceandeventuallyt ri
estomar ryhera erhavingt akingt heappearanceofa
fomerl over.Thes t
oryisverysimil
artot hevampi restoryofCarmil
labyJ osephSher i
danLeF anu( 1872).
I
napas sagei nhisepicpoem TheGiaour( 1813),Lor dByronall
udest othet raditi
onalfol
klori
cc onception
oft hevampi reasabei ngdamnedt os uckt hebl oodanddes troythelifeofitsnear estr
elati
ons .

Got
hicar
tandl
i
ter
atur
e
Dracul
aisdesc r
ibeda saGot hicnovel
.Theter m" Gothic"wasa ppli
edt o
thegenrebec ausethegenr edea l
twithemot iona l
extremesa ndda rk
themes,andbec auseitfoundi tsmostnaturalsetti
ngsint hebuildi
ngsof
thi
sstyl
e.
Theywereof t
ens pell
ed" Gothick"
,tohighl
ightt heir"
medi eval
nes s
".
Theyincl
udedc as
tl
es,ma nsions,andmona steri
es ,
oftenremot e,crum-
bli
ng,andruined.
I
twa safasc
ina ti
onwi ththi
sa rchi
tect
ureandi tsrelat
eda rt,
poetry( s
uch
asGraveyar
dPoet s),a
ndev enl andscapegardeni ngtha ti
nspir
edt he rst
wa v
eofGot hicnoveli
s t
s.

Epi
st
ola
rynov
el
BramS toker '
sDrac ula(1897)us esnotonl ylett
ersanddi ari
es,
butdi c
tationdiscsa ndnews papera c count s
.Thisstyleis
knowna s“ epi
stolary”.
T hewor depi stolarycomesf rom t he
Lati
nwor depi s
tola,mea ningal et
t er.
Theus ualformi sletters,althoughdi a ryent ri
es,news paper
cl
ippingsa ndot herdoc ument sa r
es omet imesus ed. Recently
,
elec
t r
onic" document s
",suc hasbl ogsa nde- ma i
lsha vea l
so
comei ntous e.
Onea r
gumentf orus i
ngt heepi s
tolaryf ormi sthatitc anadd
greaterrealismtot hes tory,chieybec aus eitmimic sthewor k-
i
ngsofr ea lli
fe.
Itisthusa bletodemons t
ratedifferingpoi nts
ofviewwi thoutha vi
nga na ll
-knowi ngna rrat
or.