Drain Yee Pea aaa UT ae Nae et ed ea Procedure 1. Place approximately 3 g of solid sodium carbonate in a test tube. Accurately weigh the test tube and its contents, Use a burette to dispense 30cm? of 2moldm” hydrochloric acid into a polystyrene cup, which is supported in a beaker, 3. Measure the temperature of the acid 2 Gradually add sodium carbonate to the acid, stirring all the time and ‘SPECIFICATION peer’ a © To calculate the molar enthalpy change for two reactions and use Hess's Law to determine the enthalpy change for the reactions Equipment monitoring the temperature of the acid. ceswiie SERS ESO ER UES 4 2moldnr” dilute hydrochloric 6 Repeat steps 1-5 using approximately 3.0 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate acid instead of the sodium carbonate, This time, record the lowest temperature be reached. « solid sodium carbonate @ solid sodium Results (Use this space to record your results) iytropereeBonate a ‘© thermometer able to read up Mass of test tube with sodium carbonate/g to 50°C or more Mass of test tube after emptying out sodium carbonate/g © polystyrene cup a © 250cm? or 40cm? beaker | | Mass of sodium carbonate used/g 49.94 3.00 | 3:00 burette, clamp and stand | start temperature*C 0.5 22.0) ee sting 100 Pi er © mass balance (2 d¥ Highest temperature/°C +0.5 25.0 |249 pais Sel Temperature change/°C 3 |i ¢ Wear eye protection. — Mass of test tube with sodium hydrogencarbonate/g fe AiSted neonaciel Mass of test tube after emptying out sodium hydrogencarbonate/g - L_feactar product ae Sa < Mass of sodium hydrogen carbonate used/g + 0.04 3.00 Start temperature/°C + 0.5 MM Lowest temperature/°C + 0.5 45-0| ee Temperature change/°C W Fiabe Scanned with CamScannerea gi ee, ae as aa Me lst NTSC se ase wy Learning tips @ You can assume that the heat capacity of the final solution is the same as the heat capacity of water The volume of water produced in the reaction is so small it can be Ignored. © For exothermic reactions, the enthalpy change, AH, is negative. © Be careful to use equals signs correctly. It is very easy to end up stating that a negative number equals a positive number. Analysis of results 1 The equations for the reactions occurring are: Feaction 1: Na,CO,(s) + 2HCI(aq) > 2NaCl(aq) + CO,(g) + H,O(0 reaction 2 NaHCO;(s) + HCl(aq) + NaCl(ag) + €O,(¢) + H,0() Calculate the energy change for each reaction in). (The specific heat capacity of water is 42) g-#9C-1) teadhion 1: gem.c. AT =(8.00)(4.2)(15.0 -22.0) = 38.94 149 feadion 2: game AT = B00)C4.2050-22.0) = 88.0 £1.55 2 -percerdaze uncerlainibageeo eae Oo ee a a Piae rend iote SS 61100 = 0.3% | DA 109 .33% 3.6% —> 36 & «3B ~ 14 Second readion : oe [24 too = 1.4%. -@ 1.77 hee Ett 2 Calculate the enthalpy change, A\H, for each reaction in kj mot Assume that the hydrochloric acid is in excess readion 1. AH. 68.0848) _= (8.0819) n Nx 9.028 Ny Gy ‘ ; 4 _ (38-0415) 86.0215 _ feadion?2: KH= =k > ae MaHCO 3 Nuahe, 3. Use your results to calculate the enthalpy change for the thermal decomposition of sodium hydrogencarbonate: reaction 3: 2NaHCO,(s) > Ree) + CO-{g) + H,0() Scanned with CamScanneree a Ta at an sh (eh sed ey Questions 1 Why is it not possible to measure the enthalpy change for the decomposition of sodium Ara ress ‘ie hydrogencarbonate directly? The. cabal chanye: measuemert.cannel.. be. calrulabed dicedly 4s..Mat .cabion.and HCO... anion..caw.nol...be....bald...Sepetaled from. each. oer, L..additian, lhe. heal energy mmust..be. supalied foc this. 1enckian..t.oceutshence, He tempetabure ange, messued in Me. exyren meal ts..n0k, sally due pubrahzabon: 2 Show that the hydrochloric acid is in excess in both reactions. Coleslaling Wo mole of reacharls: CN. CO) ese ee tees =p; t PED casera es NENG CO, Sie 0 3p, rol 22.99 44.01+12.01 + 3(16.00) n CUCL = 2.V =(2x 40-7 9C30) = 0.06 mol HReaBien 1: mole tabic trum eqysbion: pa D setae ay, Hal 2 mole ral. bom given masses: NOY OOS Readion 2: mole allo Lom Scanned with CamScanner