LAR-5 (Data Interpretation, Inequalities)

Important Information
1. All students are “REQUIRED” to take Home Assignments 1 and 2 based on the
topics covered in this class by logging into your PSIS account and visiting the
“Assignments & Study Material” section followed by “Logical Reasoning” and
the “Home Assignment” tab. The tests are in addition to the Home Assignment
provided at the end of this class handout and can be taken on Mobile Phone or
Desktop.
2. This class covers Chapters 13 and 14 of the Knowledge Primer. Students are
advised to further strengthen the topics covered in class from the given chapters.

Class Exercise:
Directions for Questions 1 to 3: Refer to the following pie charts, which show the sales for Dunlop in the year
1999-2000:
Sales By Location of Company
(In million pounds) Sales By Product
(In milllion pounds)
Others, 22
Sports, 96
Engg, 95
EEC,
420 Industrial,
Britain, 231
618
Australia, Consumers,
204 Tyres, 897
212
N. Plantation,
America, 46
159 Africa, 138

1. If in the next year, the sales of sports goods were expected to double assuming that the total sales do not change,
what would be the percentage share of sports goods in the total sales?
(a) 12% (b) 14% (c) 10% (d) 18%
2. If in the subsequent year, consumer products are to increase their share by 7 percent, then assuming that the total
sales remain constant, the consumer sales would have to increase by how many millions of pounds?
(a) 100 million (b) 110 million (c) 90 million (d) 120 million
3. If 20% of the Tyre sales were in the EEC countries, what was the value of sales of other products in the EEC
countries in millions of pounds?
(a) 220 million (b) 180 million (c) 240 million (d) 200 million

Page 1 of 10
 LAR-5 (Data Interpretation, Inequalities)

Directions for Questions 4 to 6: Refer to the following bar chart and answer the questions that follow
Indian’s Foreign Trade in Cr.
16000
Imports Exports
14000

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000

4. The percentage increase in imports between 1995-96 and 1999-2000 was

(a) 25% (b) 125% (c) 100% (d) 75%
5. If oil imports constituted 20% of the total imports in 1997-98, then what percentage of the trade gap was due to oil
(assuming that no oil is exported)?
(a) 30% (b) 40% (c) 85% (d) 25%
6. On the basis of the data given in the chart, which of the following is true?
(a) In all the year exports are greater than imports
(b) Trade gap is continuously increasing
(c) The rate of increase of exports has always been greater than that of imports
(d) The trade gap first increases and then exhibits a decreasing trend.

Directions for Questions 7 to 8: These questions are based on the table given below:
Pattern of Public Sector Investment in the Transport Sector
VII Plan 1985-90 VIII Plan 1992-97
Railways 16,549 27,202
Roads 6,335 13,210
Road Transport 2,151 3,849
Ports and Light houses 1,521 3,592
Shipping 719 3,669
Inland water Transport 188 348
Civil Aviation 1,948 4,106
Other Surface Transport 46 165

7. If the percentage growth of investment in shipping from VIII plan to IX plan, were to be same as that from VII plan to
VIII plan, what would be the investment in shipping in the IX plan?
(a) Rs. 15,054 crore (b) Rs. 21,311 crore (c) Rs. 6,619 crore (d) Rs. 18,723 crore
8. What percentage of total public sector investment in the transport sector went into roads in plan VII?
(a) 21.5% (b) 7.3% (c) 28.8% (d) 24.5%

Page 2 of 10
 LAR-5 (Data Interpretation, Inequalities)

Directions for Questions 9 to 10: The following three graphs show the variation of the values of three different
currencies with respect of the U.S. dollar over 6 years.

9. Approximately, how many Ringgits would 12,000 rupees amount to in 1993-94?

(a) 955 (b) 977 (c) 1013 (d) 1034
10. In 1994-95, Rs. 94,525 would fetch how many Australian dollars?
(a) 3960 (b) 5120 (c) 3581 (d) 4481

Directions for Questions 11 to 15: Two different finance companies declare fixed annual rate of interest on the
amounts invested with them by investors. The rate of interest offered by these companies may differ from year to
year depending on the variation in the economy of the country and the banks rate of interest. The annual rates of
interest offered by the two Companies P and Q over the years are shown by the line graph provided below.

Annual Rate of Interest Offered by Two Finance Companies Over the Years

11. A sum of Rs. 4.75 lakhs was invested in Company Q in 1999 for one year. How much more interest would have been
earned if the sum was invested in Company P?
(a) Rs. 19,000 (b) Rs. 14,250 (c) Rs. 11,750 (d) Rs. 9500
12. If two different amounts in the ratio 8:9 are invested in Companies P and Q respectively in 2002, then the amounts
received after one year as interests from Companies P and Q are respectively in the ratio?
(a) 2:3 (b) 3:4 (c) 6:7 (d) 4:3
13. In 2000, a part of Rs. 30 lakhs was invested in Company P and the rest was invested in Company Q for one year. The
total interest received was Rs. 2.43 lakhs. What was the amount invested in Company P?
(a) Rs. 9 lakhs (b) Rs. 11 lakhs (c) Rs. 12 lakhs (d) Rs. 18 lakhs

Page 3 of 10
 LAR-5 (Data Interpretation, Inequalities)

14. An investor invested a sum of Rs. 12 lakhs in Company P in 1998. The total amount received after one year was re-
invested in the same Company for one more year. The total appreciation received by the investor on his investment
was?
(a) Rs. 2,96,200 (b) Rs. 2,42,200 (c) Rs. 2,25,600 (d) Rs. 2,16,000
15. An investor invested Rs. 5 lakhs in Company Q in 1996. After one year, the entire amount along with the interest was
transferred as investment to Company P in 1997 for one year. What amount will be received from Company P, by
the investor?
(a) Rs. 5,94,550 (b) Rs. 5,80,425 (c) Rs. 5,77,800 (d) Rs. 5,77,500

Directions for Questions 16 to 20:

In these questions symbols @, $, #, &, % are used with different meanings as follows.
P @ Q means P is neither smaller than nor equal to Q
P # Q means P is neither greater than nor equal to Q
P $ Q means P is neither greater nor smaller than Q
P % Q means P is not greater than Q
P & Q means P is not smaller than Q
In each of the following questions assuming the given statements to be true, find out which of the two conclusions I
and II given below them is /are definitely true.
Give answer (a) If only conclusion I is true.
Give answer (b) If only conclusion II is true.
Give answer (c) If either conclusion I or II is true.
Give answer (d) If neither conclusion I nor II is true.
Give answer (e) If both conclusions I and II is true
16. Statements: A @ B, B $ C, C # D Conclusions: I. A#D II. B@D
17. Statements: P&Q, Q%R, R$S Conclusions: I. Q $ S II. P#S
18. Statements: P&Q, Q@R, R%S Conclusions: I. Q%S II. P%S
19. Statements: A@B, B#C, C%D Conclusions: I. B#D II. D@A
20. Statements: A@B, B%C, C@D Conclusions: I. D$B II. B@D

Class Test: 20 minutes

Directions for Questions 1 to 5: The following pie-charts show the distribution of students of graduate and post-
graduate levels in seven different institutes in a town.

Page 4 of 10
 LAR-5 (Data Interpretation, Inequalities)

1. What is the total number of graduate and post-graduate level students in institute R?
(a) 8320 (b) 7916 (c) 9116 (d) 8099
2. What is the ratio between the number of students studying at post-graduate and graduate levels respectively from
institute S?
(a) 14 : 19 (b) 19 : 21 (c) 17 : 21 (d) 19 : 14
3. How many students of institutes of M and S are studying at graduate level?
(a) 7516 (b) 8463 (c) 9127 (d) 9404
4. What is the ratio between the number of students studying at post-graduate level from institutes S and the number of
students studying at graduate level from institute Q?
(a) 13 : 19 (b) 21 : 13 (c) 13 : 8 (d) 19 : 13
5. Total number of students studying at post-graduate level from institutes N and P is:
(a) 5601 (b) 5944 (c) 6669 (d) 8372

Directions for Questions 6 to 10: A cosmetic company provides five different products. The sales of these five
products (in lakh number of packs) during 1995 and 2000 are shown in the following bar graph.

6. The sale of lipsticks in 2000 was by what percent more than the sales of nail enamels in 2000? (rounded off to nearest
integer)
(a) 33% (b) 31% (c) 28% (d) 22%
7. During the period 1995-2000, the minimum rate of increase in sales is in the case of?
(a) Shampoos (b) Nail enamels (c) Talcum powders (d) Lipsticks
8. What is the approximate ratio of the sales of nail enamels in 2000 to the sales of Talcum powders in 1995?
(a) 7:2 (b) 5:2 (c) 4:3 (d) 2:1
9. The sales have increased by nearly 55% from 1995 to 2000 in the case of?
(a) Lipsticks (b) Nail enamels (c) Talcum powders (d) Shampoos
10. The sale of conditioners in 1995 was by what percent less than the sales of shampoos in 1995? (rounded off to
nearest integer)
(a) 57% (b) 36% (c) 29% (d) 25%

Page 5 of 10
 LAR-5 (Data Interpretation, Inequalities)

Directions for Questions 11 to 15: The following line graph gives the percentage of the number of candidates who
qualified an examination out of the total number of candidates who appeared for the examination over a period of
seven years from 1994 to 2000.

11. The difference between the percentages of candidates qualified to appear was maximum in which of the following
pairs of years?
(a) 1994 and 1995 (b) 1997 and 1998 (c) 1998 and 1999 (d) 1999 and 2000
12. In which pair of years was the number of candidates qualified the same?
(a) 1995 and 1997 (b) 1995 and 2000 (c) 1998 and 1999 (d) Data inadequate
13. If the number of candidates qualified in 1998 was 21200, what was the number of candidates appeared in 1998?
(a) 32000 (b) 28500 (c) 26500 (d) 25000
14. If the total number of candidates appeared in 1996 and 1997 together was 47,400, then the total number of
candidates qualified in these two years together was?
(a) 34700 (b) 32100 (c) 31500 (d) Data inadequate
15. The total number of candidates qualified in 1999 and 2000 together was 33500 and the number of candidates
appeared in 1999 was 26500. What was the number of candidates in 2000?
(a) 24500 (b) 22000 (c) 20500 (d) 19000

Directions for Questions 16 to 20: Read the information / statement given in such question carefully and answer
the questions.
16. Statements: C > B ≥ L, Q = E > P = C
Conclusions: I. Q > B II. L < E III. Q > L IV. P > L
(a) Only I, II and III follows (b) Only II, III and IV follow
(c) Only I, III and IV follows (d) All I, II, III and IV follows
(e) None of these
17. Statements: O ≤ U < L, P ≥ I < C = L
Conclusions: I. U > I II. C > O III. L > I IV. P > O
(a) Only I and II follow (b) Only I, II and III follow
(c) Only II and III follows (d) Only II, III and IV follow
(e) None of these
18. Statement: D ≤ H = J ≤ K ≥ P > R
Conclusions: I. D = K II. K > D III. K > R IV. J > R
(a) None follows (b) Only III follows
(c) Only IV follows (d) Only either I or II and III follows
(e) None of these

Page 6 of 10
 LAR-5 (Data Interpretation, Inequalities)

19. Statement: A ≥ R > S = Y < W < V

Conclusions: I. A > Y II. W > R III. V > S IV. Y ≤ A
(a) Only I and III follows (b) Only I and IV follows
(c) Only II and III follows (d) Only I, II and IV follows
(e) None of these
20. Statement: R ≥ U > F = E ≥ X > Z
Conclusions: I. R > E II. U > X III. F > Z IV. R > Z
(a) Only I, II and III follows (b) Only II, III and IV follows
(c) Only I, III and IV follows (d) All I, II, III and IV follows
(e) None of these

Home Assignment:
Directions for Questions 1 to 5: The bar graph given below shows the sales of books (in thousand number) from
six branches of a publishing company during two consecutive years 2000 and 2001.

1. What is the ratio of the total sales of branch B2 for both years to the total sales of branch B4 for both years?
(a) 2:3 (b) 3:5 (c) 4:5 (d) 7:9
2. Total sales of branch B6 for both the years are what percent of the total sales of branches B3 for both the years?
(a) 68.54% (b) 71.11% (c) 73.17% (d) 75.55%
3. What percent of the average sales of branches B1, B2 and B3 in 2001 is the average sales of branches B1, B3 and B6
in 2000?
(a) 75% (b) 77.5% (c) 82.5% (d) 87.5%
4. What are the average sales of all the branches (in thousand numbers) for the year 2000?
(a) 73 (b) 80 (c) 83 (d) 88
5. Total sales of branches B1, B3 and B5 together for both the years (in thousand numbers) are:
(a) 250 (b) 310 (c) 435 (d) 560

Page 7 of 10
 LAR-5 (Data Interpretation, Inequalities)

Directions for Questions 6 to 9: The following bar chart represents the GDP of different countries during the half
decades 2001 - 2005 and 2006 - 2010. All figures are in Rs. Billion.

GDP of Various Countries

6. Which of the countries listed below accounts for the maximum GDP during the half decade 2006 to 2010?
(a) UAE (b) US (c) India (d) China
7. The GDP of UAE is what fraction of GDP of the UK for the decade (approximately)?
(a) (1/4)th (b) (1/5)th (c) (1/6)th (d) Data inadequate
8. Which of the countries listed below accounts for the highest GDP during the half decade 2001 to 2005?
(a) Russia (b) China (c) India (d) UAE
9. Out of every Rs. 10,000 spent during the decade 2001 – 2010, approximately how much was the GDP of Russia
during the half decade 2001 - 2005?
(a) Rs. 700 (b) Rs. 1,400 (c) Rs. 2,800 (d) None of these

Directions for Questions 10 to 14: Study the following bar charts and answer the questions.

Foreign Trade (Imports and Exports) by countries for the year (1993 – 1994)

10. The ratio of the maximum exports to the minimum imports was closest to?
(a) 64 (b) 69 (c) 74 (d) 79
11. How many countries exhibited a trade surplus ?
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 6

Page 8 of 10
 LAR-5 (Data Interpretation, Inequalities)

12. The total trade deficit/surplus for all the countries put together was?
(a) 11286 surplus (b) 11286 deficit (c) 10286 deficit (d) None of these
13. The highest trade deficit was shown by which country?
(a) C (b) G (c) H (d) L
14. The ratio of Exports to Imports was highest for which country?
(a) A (b) I (c) J (d) K

Directions for Questions 15 to 19: Read the information / statement given in such question carefully and answer
the questions.
15. Which of the following expressions will be true if the expression ‘H ≤ G = K > F’ is definitely true?
(a) K ≥ H (b) G = F (c) H ≥ F (d) F ≥ G (e) None is true
16. Which of the following expressions will not be true if the expression ‘P ≤ Q < R = S’ is definitely true?
(a) S ≥ P (b) P < R (c) S > Q (d) P < S (e) None of these
17. In which of the following expressions does the expression ‘W < Z’ hold true?
(a) W > Y < X ≤ Z (b) Z > X ≤ Y ≤ W (c) Z ≥ Y > X ≥ W (d) Z > Y = X < W
(e) Z ≥ X > Y ≤ W
18. In which of the following expressions will the expression ‘L < R’ be definitely true?
(a) L ≥ M > N = R (b) L = M < N > R (c) L < M ≤ N ≤ R (d) R ≥ M = N < L
(e) None of these
19. In which of the following expressions does the expression ‘D > A’ does not hold true?
(a) A < B ≤ C = D (b) D ≥ B > C ≥ A (c) A ≤ B = C < D (d) D ≥ C ≥ B > A
(e) A > B ≤ C = D

Explanatory Answers:
1. Sol. (d) Required ratio =
2. Sol. (c) Required percentage
3. Sol. (d) Average sales (in thousands) of branches B1, B3 and B6 in 2000

Average sales (in thousands) of branches B1, B2 and B3 in 2001

Required percentage=
4. Sol. (b) Average sales of all the six branches (in thousands) for the year 2000

5. Sol. (d) Total sales of branches B1, B3 and B5 for both the years (in thousands)
= (80 + 105) + (95 + 110) + (75 + 95)= 560.
6. Sol. (b) It's clear that US is the highest amongst the given options.
7. Sol. (b) (10/50) = 20% = (1/5)th
8. Sol. (a) It's clear that Russia is the answer.
9. Sol. (d) Russia will account for 10 out of 125, i.e, 8% of the total, i.e, 800 out of 10,000 (approximately).

Page 9 of 10
 LAR-5 (Data Interpretation, Inequalities)

10. Sol. (b)The value of maximum exports = 6045. The value of minimum imports = 87.
Therefore, the required ratio (6045/87) = 69.48 = 69 (approximately).
11. Sol. (d) Out of a total of 12 countries, 8 showed a deficit while 4 showed a surplus.
12. Sol. (b) Sum of exports - Sum of imports =(36911-25625)= deficit(11286).
13. Sol. (d) Visually, it is clear that L has the highest trade deficit.
14. Sol. (b) I has a ratio of 4002/2744 = 1.45, which is the highest.
15. Sol. (a) K ≥ H, Will definitely hold true.
16. Sol. (a) P ≤ Q < R = S
S ≥ P, Will not be true
17. Sol. (c) W < Z ; Z ≥ Y > X ≥ W
18. Sol. (c) L < R, will be true in L < M ≤ N ≤ R
19. Sol. (e) D > A, Does not hold true in expression (e): A > B ≤ C = D

Page 10 of 10