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Wearable Sensors:

Innovations Driving the Next


Generation of Biometric Devices
Section title

Tess Skyrme – Technology Analyst, IDTechEx


www.IDTechEx.com

@TessSkyrme

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IDTechEx Provides Clarity on Technology Innovation…

Market Technology Market


forecasts assessment sizing

Technology Strategic Company


scouting advice profiling

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How IDTechEx Helps Its Customers

Supporting you at each crucial decision making step

Market Commercialization Product Ongoing


Technology opportunity & strategy, launch analysis &
appraisal & marketing trends
Reports requirements partnership
Subscriptions
Consulting
Benchmarking Market sizing & Strategy Showcase Timely
Scouting forecasting guidance your analysis &
Profiling End-user needs Introductions products data

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IDTechEx Provides Clarity on Technology Innovation

• Technology assessment • Company profiling • Market forecasts


• Technology scouting • Market sizing • Strategic advice

Reports | Subscriptions | Consulting | Journals | Webinars

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Webinar Contents Overview

1. Wearable Technology Overview

2. Key sensor innovations


• Electrodes and electronic skins
• Optical sensing and spectroscopy
• Chemical sensors and microneedles

3. Market Forecasts

www.IDTechEx.com/WTSensors

Sample pages are available for all IDTechEx reports

For full details and lists of available reports, please visit www.IDTechEx.com

Robotics,
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Autonomy & AI
Wearable Technology
Section title
Overview

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Introduction: Why Wearable?

1. Non-invasive measurements
2. Continuous data collection
3. Wireless communication and connectivity

The development of wearable sensor technology is an


opportunity for materials suppliers, contract
manufacturers, original equipment manufacturers and
data users alike.

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Wearables Are Maturing

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Wearables Are Maturing, but Interest in Health Applications
Is Growing

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Meta-Drivers for Wearable Health Technology Adoption

Remote Patient Clinical Trials Insurance Prosumers


Monitoring

Continuous, Non-Invasive, Wireless

• Aging populations • Reducing costs • Incentive to join • Performance analytics


• Increased healthcare • Improved adherence • Corporate responsibility • Recovery optimization
costs • COVID • Brand partnerships • Gamification
• Reimbursement • EHR integration • Marketing
changes

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Untangling the Wearable Web

Sensor Types Key Metrics Related metrics


Rigid Form Factors Acceleration Activity
Accelerometers
Wrist-worn Rotation Heart-rate variability
Gyroscopes
Orientation Calorie burn
Hearable Magnetometers Altitude Respiratory rate

Head-gear/Eye-wear Pressure Heart-rate VO2 max


Blood-oxygen Sleep quality
Optical (light-matter interaction)
Removable Pods Blood Pressure Stress
(e.g., attached to clothing) Optical (Imaging) Glucose level Recovery
Electrocardiography (ECG) Muscle load
Flexible Form Factors* Electrode
Electromyography (EMG) Focus
E-Textiles Thermometer/Thermistor Electroencephalogram (EEG) Emotional state

Skin Patch Force/Pressure Gait


Chemical (body fluid Strain Fever risk
Electronic Skins properties) Temperature Intoxication
Piezoelectric Hydration Dehydration

*This includes hybrids of rigid Capacitive Analyte concentration Lactic Acid


and flexible components Eye-Tracking

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Untangling the Wearable Web

Key Conclusions

➢ The same fundamental sensor


hardware has been used to expand
the data available from popular
wearables – but a limit is being
reached.

➢ Access to new biometric data Wearable Sensors 2023-2033


needs hardware innovation, but Sample pages are available for
market growth will depend on the all IDTechEx reports
adoption of new form factors.
www.IDTechEx.com/WTSensors

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Key Sensor Innovations:
Electrodes
Section titleand Electronic
Skins

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Wearable Electrodes Can Measure Our Hearts, Muscles,
Brain and Skin

Cardiovascular Activity
Skin Patches Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Muscle Activity
Watches Electromyography
(EMG)

Brain Activity
E-Textiles
Electroencephalography (EEG)

Hearables
Skin Response
Electrodermal activity (EDA) /
Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)
Headgear

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Overview of Wearable Electrode Types

The TRL and market maturity of


emerging options has increased in
recent years, disrupting the established
market for wet electrodes.

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Wearable & Haptics
Electronic Skins Offer Flexible and Conformal Sensing

• Electronic skins would be flexible and conformal,


making them arguably more comfortable for the
user to wear.

• The increased user comfort could have the added


benefit of increasing wear time, especially since
they would also be more discrete.

• Electrodes integration would make them


competitor technologies to existing applications
for vital sign monitoring.

• Expands biometric monitoring capabilities of


challenging demographics, such as babies and
mice.

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Material and Manufacturing Yet to Be Optimized

•Metal nano-particles •Ecoflex


•PEDOT:PSS •PDMS Challenges
•Grapheme •Silicone rubber film
•CNTs •Hydrogel
• Whilst small batches of devices have
•Silver nanowires composites been demonstrated, it’s difficult to
•Inks Conductive Substrate manufacture at scale .

• Whilst it could be easier to wear, it


remains a new form factor to adopt and
isn't fashionable the way watches can
Manufacturing be.
Methods
• Maintaining high conductivity and
sensor performance whilst also
• Spray Coating • Spin Coating capitalising on stretchability of
• Dip Coating • Screen Printing substrates is a challenge.
• Sputtering • Vacuum filtration
• Electrodeposition transfer

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Key Sensor Innovations:
Optical
Section Sensing
title and
spectroscopy

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Optical Sensors for PPG Offer Multiple Biometrics

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Market Outlook and Technology Readiness of Wearable
Blood Pressure

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Wearable & Haptics
More Biometrics Could Be Accessed via Spectroscopy

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Key Sensor Innovations:
Chemical Sensors and
Section title
Microneedles

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Operating Principle Typical CGM Device

CGM devices are most typically deployed as a skin patch with a needle containing a sensor which is inserted below
the skin. Device wear time is typically 5-14 days, and varies by product and manufacturer.

CGM device
Processes information, communicates wirelessly with a reader (e.g. smartphone or dedicated
device): data can be used to inform user or in other relevant diabetes management devices

Sensor needle/wire
Inserted below skin, measures glucose concentration in interstitial fluid

Interstitial fluid
Glucose diffuses from blood to interstitial fluid
Blood vessel

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Wearable Chemical Sensors Instead of Blood Tests?

Glucose

pH Lactose

ISF
Calcium Alcohol

Ketone Salts

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Microneedles Reduce Invasiveness Further

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Wearable Sensing Potential of Microneedles for Fluid
Sampling Depends on Scale up of Manufacturing Methods

MN Material MN Type Pros Cons Manufacturing Method

Silicon Solid Flexible enough to Time consuming Etching


Hollow manufacture desirable manufacturing. High cost.
Coated shapes and sizes. Possibility of skin fracture.
Metal Solid Good biocompatibility and High startup cost. Post- Laser ablation
Hollow mechanical properties. fabrication process Etching
High fracture toughness. required. May cause Injection mold
Strong and hard to break. allergic reaction.
Ceramic Solid Possesses chemical and Low tension strength. Micromolding
Hollow compression resistance. Lithography
Polymer Solid Excellent biocompatibility. Low strength. Lithography
Hollow Low toxicity. Low cost. Injection molding
Coated Casting
Dissolving Laser ablation

Data source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8400269/pdf/polymers-13-02815.pdf

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Market Readiness of Wearable Sensors for Novel Biometrics

High Non-invasive
Barriers to accessing this space:
Milo rebranded
Non-invasive
‘Clinic on Wrist’ • Technology Development
‘Lab on Skin’
to Ion • Clinical trials
• Regulatory Approval (FDA/CE)
Market Potential at Maturity

Electronic
Skins Microneedles • Social Convention
• Device Cost
Hydration • ‘Wrist Real-Estate’
Alcohol
*Note text blocks signify position not logos
Urine

Lactate
Ultrasound

Other/Multiple AquilX founded


2022

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Technology Readiness Level

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Market
SectionForecasts
title

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Market Share – Historic Data and Forecast
Data Source: IDTechEx report “Wearable Sensors 2023-2033”– www.IDTechEx.com/WTSensors

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Market Share – Historic Data and Forecast
Data Source: IDTechEx report “Wearable Sensors 2023-2033”– www.IDTechEx.com/WTSensors

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Market Share – Historic Data and Forecast
Data Source: IDTechEx report “Wearable Sensors 2023-2033”– www.IDTechEx.com/WTSensors

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Summary

Wearable sensors can non-invasively measure biometric data. These sensors can be
integrated into watches, skin patches, head-sets

Many motivations Many application opportunities:


• More biometrics • Remote patient monitoring
• Reduced invasiveness • Clinical trials
• Focus on health data • Health Insurance
• Prosumers

Main challenges:
•.Optimising materials and manufacturing methods
• Sensor accuracy and TRL increase Wearable Sensors 2023-2033
• Social acceptance of new form factors
Sample pages are available for
all IDTechEx reports
Contact Us:
www.IDTechEx.com/WTSensors
research@IDTechEx.com Europe: +44 1223 812 300
www.IDTechEx.com Americas: +1 617 577 7890
@TessSkyrme
Asia (Japan): +81 3 3216 7209

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