Wearable Sensors

Wearable Sensors:
Innovations Driving the Next

Generation of Biometric Devices
Section title
Tess Skyrme – Technology Analyst, IDTechEx

www.IDTechEx.com
@TessSkyrme
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2022 13:59:33 | www.IDTechEx.com Wearable Technology
IDTechEx Provides Clarity on Technology Innovation…
Market Technology Market

forecasts assessment sizing
Technology Strategic Company

scouting advice profiling
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How IDTechEx Helps Its Customers
Supporting you at each crucial decision making step
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Technology opportunity & strategy, launch analysis &
appraisal & marketing trends
Reports requirements partnership
Subscriptions
Consulting
Benchmarking Market sizing & Strategy Showcase Timely
Scouting forecasting guidance your analysis &
Profiling End-user needs Introductions products data
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IDTechEx Provides Clarity on Technology Innovation
• Technology assessment • Company profiling • Market forecasts

• Technology scouting • Market sizing • Strategic advice
Reports | Subscriptions | Consulting | Journals | Webinars
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Webinar Contents Overview
1. Wearable Technology Overview
2. Key sensor innovations

• Electrodes and electronic skins
• Optical sensing and spectroscopy
• Chemical sensors and microneedles
3. Market Forecasts
www.IDTechEx.com/WTSensors
Sample pages are available for all IDTechEx reports
For full details and lists of available reports, please visit www.IDTechEx.com
Robotics,
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Autonomy & AI
Wearable Technology
Section title
Overview
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Introduction: Why Wearable?
1. Non-invasive measurements
2. Continuous data collection
3. Wireless communication and connectivity
The development of wearable sensor technology is an

opportunity for materials suppliers, contract
manufacturers, original equipment manufacturers and
data users alike.
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Wearables Are Maturing
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Wearables Are Maturing, but Interest in Health Applications
Is Growing
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Meta-Drivers for Wearable Health Technology Adoption
Remote Patient Clinical Trials Insurance Prosumers

Monitoring
Continuous, Non-Invasive, Wireless
• Aging populations • Reducing costs • Incentive to join • Performance analytics

• Increased healthcare • Improved adherence • Corporate responsibility • Recovery optimization
costs • COVID • Brand partnerships • Gamification
• Reimbursement • EHR integration • Marketing
changes
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Untangling the Wearable Web
Sensor Types Key Metrics Related metrics

Rigid Form Factors Acceleration Activity
Accelerometers
Wrist-worn Rotation Heart-rate variability
Gyroscopes
Orientation Calorie burn
Hearable Magnetometers Altitude Respiratory rate
Head-gear/Eye-wear Pressure Heart-rate VO2 max

Blood-oxygen Sleep quality
Optical (light-matter interaction)
Removable Pods Blood Pressure Stress
(e.g., attached to clothing) Optical (Imaging) Glucose level Recovery
Electrocardiography (ECG) Muscle load
Flexible Form Factors* Electrode
Electromyography (EMG) Focus
E-Textiles Thermometer/Thermistor Electroencephalogram (EEG) Emotional state
Skin Patch Force/Pressure Gait

Chemical (body fluid Strain Fever risk
Electronic Skins properties) Temperature Intoxication
Piezoelectric Hydration Dehydration
*This includes hybrids of rigid Capacitive Analyte concentration Lactic Acid

and flexible components Eye-Tracking
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Untangling the Wearable Web
Key Conclusions
➢ The same fundamental sensor

hardware has been used to expand
the data available from popular
wearables – but a limit is being
reached.
➢ Access to new biometric data Wearable Sensors 2023-2033

needs hardware innovation, but Sample pages are available for
market growth will depend on the all IDTechEx reports
adoption of new form factors.
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Key Sensor Innovations:
Electrodes
Section titleand Electronic
Skins
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Wearable Electrodes Can Measure Our Hearts, Muscles,
Brain and Skin
Cardiovascular Activity
Skin Patches Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Muscle Activity
Watches Electromyography
(EMG)
Brain Activity
E-Textiles
Electroencephalography (EEG)
Hearables
Skin Response
Electrodermal activity (EDA) /
Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)
Headgear
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Overview of Wearable Electrode Types
The TRL and market maturity of

emerging options has increased in
recent years, disrupting the established
market for wet electrodes.
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2022 13:59:33 | www.IDTechEx.com Sensors Technology
Wearable & Haptics
Electronic Skins Offer Flexible and Conformal Sensing
• Electronic skins would be flexible and conformal,

making them arguably more comfortable for the
user to wear.
• The increased user comfort could have the added

benefit of increasing wear time, especially since
they would also be more discrete.
• Electrodes integration would make them

competitor technologies to existing applications
for vital sign monitoring.
• Expands biometric monitoring capabilities of

challenging demographics, such as babies and
mice.
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Material and Manufacturing Yet to Be Optimized
•Metal nano-particles •Ecoflex

•PEDOT:PSS •PDMS Challenges
•Grapheme •Silicone rubber film
•CNTs •Hydrogel
• Whilst small batches of devices have
•Silver nanowires composites been demonstrated, it’s difficult to
•Inks Conductive Substrate manufacture at scale .
• Whilst it could be easier to wear, it

remains a new form factor to adopt and
isn't fashionable the way watches can
Manufacturing be.
Methods
• Maintaining high conductivity and
sensor performance whilst also
• Spray Coating • Spin Coating capitalising on stretchability of
• Dip Coating • Screen Printing substrates is a challenge.
• Sputtering • Vacuum filtration
• Electrodeposition transfer
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Optical
Section Sensing
title and
spectroscopy
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Optical Sensors for PPG Offer Multiple Biometrics
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Market Outlook and Technology Readiness of Wearable
Blood Pressure
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2022 13:59:33 | www.IDTechEx.com Sensors Technology
Wearable & Haptics
More Biometrics Could Be Accessed via Spectroscopy
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Chemical Sensors and
Section title
Microneedles
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Operating Principle Typical CGM Device
CGM devices are most typically deployed as a skin patch with a needle containing a sensor which is inserted below
the skin. Device wear time is typically 5-14 days, and varies by product and manufacturer.
CGM device
Processes information, communicates wirelessly with a reader (e.g. smartphone or dedicated
device): data can be used to inform user or in other relevant diabetes management devices
Sensor needle/wire
Inserted below skin, measures glucose concentration in interstitial fluid
Interstitial fluid
Glucose diffuses from blood to interstitial fluid
Blood vessel
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Wearable Chemical Sensors Instead of Blood Tests?
Glucose
pH Lactose
ISF
Calcium Alcohol
Ketone Salts
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Microneedles Reduce Invasiveness Further
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Wearable Sensing Potential of Microneedles for Fluid
Sampling Depends on Scale up of Manufacturing Methods
MN Material MN Type Pros Cons Manufacturing Method
Silicon Solid Flexible enough to Time consuming Etching

Hollow manufacture desirable manufacturing. High cost.
Coated shapes and sizes. Possibility of skin fracture.
Metal Solid Good biocompatibility and High startup cost. Post- Laser ablation
Hollow mechanical properties. fabrication process Etching
High fracture toughness. required. May cause Injection mold
Strong and hard to break. allergic reaction.
Ceramic Solid Possesses chemical and Low tension strength. Micromolding
Hollow compression resistance. Lithography
Polymer Solid Excellent biocompatibility. Low strength. Lithography
Hollow Low toxicity. Low cost. Injection molding
Coated Casting
Dissolving Laser ablation
Data source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8400269/pdf/polymers-13-02815.pdf
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Market Readiness of Wearable Sensors for Novel Biometrics
High Non-invasive
Barriers to accessing this space:
Milo rebranded
Non-invasive
‘Clinic on Wrist’ • Technology Development
‘Lab on Skin’
to Ion • Clinical trials
• Regulatory Approval (FDA/CE)
Market Potential at Maturity
Electronic
Skins Microneedles • Social Convention
• Device Cost
Hydration • ‘Wrist Real-Estate’
Alcohol
*Note text blocks signify position not logos
Urine
Lactate
Ultrasound
Other/Multiple AquilX founded

2022
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Technology Readiness Level
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Market
SectionForecasts
title
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Market Share – Historic Data and Forecast
Data Source: IDTechEx report “Wearable Sensors 2023-2033”– www.IDTechEx.com/WTSensors
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Summary
Wearable sensors can non-invasively measure biometric data. These sensors can be
integrated into watches, skin patches, head-sets
Many motivations Many application opportunities:

• More biometrics • Remote patient monitoring
• Reduced invasiveness • Clinical trials
• Focus on health data • Health Insurance
• Prosumers
Main challenges:
•.Optimising materials and manufacturing methods
• Sensor accuracy and TRL increase Wearable Sensors 2023-2033
• Social acceptance of new form factors
Sample pages are available for
all IDTechEx reports
Contact Us:
research@IDTechEx.com Europe: +44 1223 812 300
www.IDTechEx.com Americas: +1 617 577 7890
@TessSkyrme
Asia (Japan): +81 3 3216 7209
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Wearable Sensors:

Innovations Driving the Next

Tess Skyrme – Technology Analyst, IDTechEx

Market Technology Market

Technology Strategic Company

Supporting you at each crucial decision making step

Market Commercialization Product Ongoing

• Technology assessment • Company profiling • Market forecasts

Reports | Subscriptions | Consulting | Journals | Webinars

1. Wearable Technology Overview

2. Key sensor innovations

Sample pages are available for all IDTechEx reports

The development of wearable sensor technology is an

Remote Patient Clinical Trials Insurance Prosumers

Continuous, Non-Invasive, Wireless

• Aging populations • Reducing costs • Incentive to join • Performance analytics

Sensor Types Key Metrics Related metrics

Head-gear/Eye-wear Pressure Heart-rate VO2 max

Skin Patch Force/Pressure Gait

*This includes hybrids of rigid Capacitive Analyte concentration Lactic Acid

➢ The same fundamental sensor

➢ Access to new biometric data Wearable Sensors 2023-2033

The TRL and market maturity of

• Electronic skins would be flexible and conformal,

• The increased user comfort could have the added

• Electrodes integration would make them

• Expands biometric monitoring capabilities of

•Metal nano-particles •Ecoflex

• Whilst it could be easier to wear, it

MN Material MN Type Pros Cons Manufacturing Method

Silicon Solid Flexible enough to Time consuming Etching

Data source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8400269/pdf/polymers-13-02815.pdf

Other/Multiple AquilX founded

Many motivations Many application opportunities:

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