‘Tran Van Thanh s_K25 TONG HOP KIEN THUC CO BAN HOA HOC 8 Céic kei nie T. Vat the, chat. + Vat thé; La toan bo nhing ei xung quan cheing ta va trong khong gian, Vat thé 6m, 2 ogi: Vat thé tw nhign va vat thé nian tao = Ghat: nguyen figu ed t9o nen vat thé. Chat e6 & Khiip moi noi, & au 6 va te a 86-66 cht = Moi chat c6 nhiig tinh chat nhat din, Boo 26m tinh chat vat ly va tinh chat ho hee. © Tinh chat vat ly: Trang thai (R.L.K), mu sae, mii vi. inh tan, tinh dn dign, din nhiet, nhigt 49 s6i (14), nbiet dd néng chay (fy), Khoi hong riéng (d), © Tinh chat hoa hoc: La kha mang bi bién doi thanh chat khéc: Kha mang chi, 16, tée dung vii cht Kh 2. Hon hop va chit tinh khiet, = Hon hop Ta 2 hay nhieu chat tron Iai véi nhau. Méi chat trong hén hop duge soi Ia 1 chat thanh phan = Hon hop 26m c6 2 loai: hon hop déng nat vi hn hep khong déng abst = Tinh chat cia hon hop: Hon hop c6 tinh chat khéng én dinh, thay déi ph thude vio hoi long va s6 lugng cat thn phn, = Chat tinh khigt Bi cht Kong e6 lan chat ndo klvéc, Chat in Khiét 6 tin cht at inh, khong thay Ai. = Khisch riéng cée ehst ra khOi hon hp ta thu duge e&e chat inh khisi. Dé vieh riéng cae chat ra khdi hon hop new ta e6 the sit dung csc phon php vat ly = tich, chit, gan, loc, cho bay hoi, chumg cét, ding eae phan ting hos hye. 3. Nguyen tt Din hi: 13 hat cing hd rang ok dio eo gone chit su tq0: gm 2 phn Siam aaa se es Nae = Proton: Mang dign tich +1, €6 kh6i luemg 1 dvC. ky hiu: P = Notron: Khong mang dign, 6 khoi homg 1 dvC: ky higu: N # Vor cat tg0 tt cae I6p Electron = Electron: Mang dign tich -1,c6 kot long khong dang ke, ky higu: © ‘Trong nguyén tir, cae chuyén dng sit nhanh va sip xép thanh time lép tr trong ta + Lop 1: 6 t6i da 2e 6p 2.34... gm thi e6 ti da Se yen tit= s6 P+ SON + 86 Nhung nguyen tires 5. Hod tri La con $6 bigu thi kh nang lien ket Quy tie hos ASB? y ta nguyen tirhay nhém nguyen tic x=by (vd a, b lin Int Ih hod tej ciia nguyen 16 A va B) ‘ThaVinDeTicom‘Tran Van Thin hs_k25 SO SANH BON CHAT VA HOP CHAT DON CHAT. HOP CHAT. WD [Si dng. oxi, nit. than chi ‘Nude, mudi an, deg KIN [La nha chat do I nguyen t6 hoa |La nhimg chit do 2 hay uhiéw lige edu tao ne nguyen 6 hos lige ei a0 nu Phin Toai | Gom 2 loai: Kim loai va phikim. | Gém 2 loai: hop chat v6 co va hop hac hit co) Phan tir_|- Gom I nguyen tir kim Joai va phi|- Gom cic nguyen tt khic loai hat dai | kim rin thuge cic nguyen t6 hos hoc khiie dién) | - Gém céc nguyen tit cing loai: Phi| ahau kia Jong va khi CTHH | - Kim Joai va phi kim ran: CTHH = KHHH cua cic nguyén 16 + cfc chi so tuong img AB, SO SANH NGUYEN TU VA PHAN TU NGUYEN TU PHAN TU Dinh | La hat vo cing nho, trung hoa vé|La hat vo cing ho, dai diéa cho nghia | dien, cau tao nén cc chit chat va mang dy dit tinh chit cia chat Sb Lien Ret ata cfc nauyen tr toag Ai trong_| phan ing hos he. phan ie thay di Tam cho phan i phan tng. nay bien doi thin phan tirkhac hh ho. Khoi | Nauy@n tir Ehoi (NTK) cho bist dé | Phin wr Khoi (PTK) Bt Khoi lias lung fnang ute khéc haw git ee| cia 1 phn we tinh bang dom yj + Apdung QTHT: a nguyen tir va dai luong dae trmg cho moi nguyen t6 NIK fa khoi lugng eta nguyen tit Cacton PTK = tng kh tir c6 trong phan tit wong ce nguyen h bang dom vj Cacbon AP DUNG QUY TAC HOA TRI 1, Tinh hod tri ciia I nguyen 16 + Goi hod ti cia nguyen to cn tn (Ka) by a= byl + Tra bi 2. Lap CTHH cia hop chat. = Goi cong th = Ap dung QTHT: a.x=by-> ‘chung can lap bb yaa ‘ThaVienDeTi com= Tei »** C6 thé diing quy tie chéo dé lap nhanh | CTHH: Trong CTHH, ho# tri cia nguyén t6 nay la chi s6 cia nguyen t6 kia Lara §: Khi cc hos tri cura ti gn th en t6i gin tube 6. Phan ding hod hoc. La qua tinh big. doi chat nay thin chat kh Chat bi bisn digo la chat tham gia, chat citge tgo thanh got ft sin phim ator bien dién bang sed: A+B C+ Ddoc li: A tic dung v6i B tao thinh C va D A+B Cdoc fi A két hop vi B tao thin C A> C+D doc li. A bi phan buy than C va D ‘ThoVinDeTcom‘Tran Van Thin hs_k25 PHAN LOAI HCVC Orit axit: CO>, SO:, SOs, NOs, NiOs, SiO», P.Os Oxit_baze LO, NajO. K,0, CaO, BaO, nit trang tinh: CO, NO. OXIT(A.0,) ‘Oxithugng tinh: Zn0, ALOs, C0. RB olla ‘Axit EhOng ¢6 oxi (Hideaxit): HCI, HBr, HLS, HF $ AXIT (HB) & ‘Anitc6 oxi (Oxaxit): HINOs, H,S0,, HPO, 2H 5 Bazo‘tan (Kiém): NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH), Ba(OH)> = BAZ0- M(OH)s_|\J Baza khong tans Mg(OR);, CMOF)., Fe(OH), : ‘Musi axit: NaHSO,, NaHCO:, Ca(HCO3) MUOI(M.B,) “Musi trang hoa: NaCl, KNOs. CaCO... Ngodi ra c6 thé chia axit thanh axit manh vA axit ye HNO, HPO, 180, HS0; cH,COOH HCL Axi manh Ast rung binh HCO, HS Aut yen Avit rat yeu ‘ThoVinDeTcom‘Tran Van Thanh hs_k25 oxIT AXIT BAZO MUOL DINH [LA hgp chat cia oxi vai TCA hop chat ma phan it g6m|LA hop chat ma phan we | TA hgp chat ma phan te fia | neuyen to Khe 1 hay nhigw nguyen ti H) som 1 nguyen sit kim log | g6m kim log lien ket wi ae lien Ket v6i go axit lien ket vdi 1 hay nbiéu | go axit shim OH Goi nauyén t6 trong oxit Ia) Goi 26e axit li B c& hod i | Goi kim loai Ii M cé hoa | Goi kim loai li M, x6 ran | Abottrin, CTH hi: a. win anit AB = A;0, née CTHH li: HB CTHH Bi: MOH), (CTHH 8: MB, = AO,o nen chain Ten oxit = Tén nguyen 16 | Axit Khong c6 oxi: Axit + | Téa bazo= Téa Kim loai + | Ten mooi = tea kim loai + oxit ten phi kim + hide hiro tn a6 axit SEN | Lim: Kem theo hos tj cia | - Axit 66 it oxi: Axit + ton| Lamy: Kém theo hod ti | Lint y: Kem theo hos tri kim fog khi kim logi phikim + o(r0) cin Kim Jogi ki kim loai | eta kim logi kh kim loai GOT | nhiéw hos tr. = Axit ¢6 nig oxi: Axit + | 6 nhié hos tr 66 nhiéw hoa tr. hi phi kim c6 nhigu hos tj | ten phi kim + ic (ic) thi. kem tip din ng 1. Tae dung vei moe 1. Lim quy tim > d6 héng | 1. Tée dug véi axit >] 1. Tée dung véi axit > = Onit axit tic dune v6i) 2. Tic dmg véi Bazo —> | musi va nude muGi méi + axit mdi we godin dl Axit | Moi vA me 2. dd Kiém Tam déi mau |2. dd mui + da Kigm —> = Oxit bazo tie dung v6i| 3, Téc dung véi oxit bazo—> | chs nuoi méi + baze mdi autée tgothinh dd Bazo | mudi va nue 3. dd muci + Kim loai > 2. Ona dd Baza 90 te dang vik lg -> |~ Lcd peso | Noi met + kin lost me Tenn musi vam van | USE va Hiro khong mau —> héag 4. dd muoi + dd mudi > 2 3. Oxy + dd Axit go thinh | "Te dung voi musi >| 3 dd Kiém tic dane véi| mudi méi SCE po thin | MUCH MIVA NMG! | Oxy mU6 VAnUGe |S. MGC 6 MUG bi mht ee : 4. dd Kigm + dd muoi | phan Muci + Bazo 5. Baze khong tan bi nbiee phn > oxit + nue Tatu § |~ Oxit hing tinh c6 thé tae | TINO, TESO, dic o6 cfc] Bazar mg tinh c& the |= Muoi axit_o6 thé phin dung véi ci da axit va dd tinh chat sign tic dyng v “id axit_Va img abut 1 axit ThnienDeTA com‘Tran Van Than hs_k25 TINH CHAT HOA HOC CUA CAC HOP CHAT VO CO +ddBuo | MUOI + dd Axit Lleida pi +Buo 7 NUGC 7 B 7 8 2 T 2 * +0xit Bs 161 — Zz 5 5 MUST e) /EKHE 3 dd Must wwe + aa ea aad kit |] ‘MUOI+ Hy MUOI + AXIT TCHH CUA OXIT. TCHH CUA AXIT Mud || oxiT+ : Q BAZO, HO. MUOI + BAZO MUOI+KIM. g Loat gi |-™ ‘es wae loi ae BAZO 5 12 | ast eras % [emt Vs £2) om] pou 3 ah a 5 g + 8 che, | [wor no Paid SAN PHAM MUOI + MUOL KHAC NHAU. TCHH CUA BAZO TCHH CUA MUOL Lim §:__Thudng chi gap 5 oxit bazo tan dirge trong nutée it Li,O, Na,O, K20, CaO, BaO, Day ciing fi edie oxit bazo the tie dung v6 oxit axit, Doi véi baze, c6 cae tinh chat chung cho cé 2 loai nhumg cé nim tinh chat chi cia Kigm hoge bazo khong tan ‘Mot s6 loai hop chat c6 cé tinh chat hos hoe vigng, trong nay khong dé ep t6i, ¢6 thé xem pln doc them hoge cc bai sidi thigu riéng trong suk. KIMLOAT PHIKIM ‘THnVienDeTi com‘Tran Van Than hs_k25 40x | bH.co OXIT BAZO +10 BAZO KEM K.TAN +4 Must + 0x1 OXIT AXIT Phan bay AXIT MANH YEU CAC PHUONG TRINH HOA HOC MINH HOA THUONG GAP 4AL+ 30,9 2AL0; CuO + Hy + Cu + HO FeO, +300 £5 2Fe +300 S402->80s C20 + 1.0 Ca(OH), GOH), > CxO + a0 + 2HCI-> CaCl x0 + 60s C3CO; CO; + Ca(OH), > CaCO;1 + 2NaOH NaOH + HCl > NaCl + H50_ 2NsOH +O) + Na,CO, + FLO BaCl; + Na,SO, —> BaSO,4 + 2NaCl $0, + 1,0 I1$0, P.O, + 3H,0 + 2H,PO, P.0;+ NaOH > 2NePO, + SHO N.05 + Na,O — 2NaNOs BaCh + H>S0, > BaSO,+ + 2HCL DHCL + Fe > Fe +H, HCI + B(OH > BaCh + 2440 GH4C1 + Fes0) + 2FoC, + 380 2HCL + Ca00, “> CaCl, + 2,0 o HO Lia =" Mot s6 oxit kim loai nhw ALOs, MgO, Ba, CaO, Na:0, K:0 khong bi CO kh. = Céc oxit kim logi khi 6 trang thsi hho trj cao la oxit axit alu: CrO,, Man,0;, = Cie phi ing hos hoe xay’#a phi tun theo ede digu kien cia ima phan ing, - Khi oxit axit tic dung v6i dd Kigm thi tuy theo t It s6 mol s ao re mu! axit hay muoi tune hoa vb: NaOH + CO; > NaHCO, 2NaOH + CO) — Na,CO; + 1,0 Khi tac dung voi 12804 dac, loai s2 thé hign hod tsi cao abst. Khong gid phong Hidro vb: Cu + 2H:S0, > CuSO, + $0) + HO IU CHE CAC HOP CHAT VO CO KIM LOAI+OXI NHIET PHAN MUOI‘Tran Van Than hs_k25 PHIKIM + OXI z Ins [| NHIET PHAN BAz0 HOP CHAT + OX oc 6 1. 3Fe #20; 4 Fes, Pence 2. 4P +50: 2+ 2P,05 : 3. CH) +02 CO; +2H.0 e 1 s+ 2H OXIT AXIT + NUGC AXIT Geen une cts: Ts 5, CuOH 5 CuO +0 AXITMANH+ MUGI |_8 Tf Aware 7, $03 + 1,0 > 1180, — 9 8. BaCl; + H,$0, > BaSO,l + KIEM + DD MUGI 2HCL 9, CXOH)s + NaxCOs > OxITBAZO+NUGC [10_J Bazo CaCOn) + 2NaOH, 10. CxO + 10> Ca{OH)> DIEN PHAN DDMvor |__t_f LL, NaCl + 2820 —5 NaOH (COMANG NGAN) +Cht + Et IT : = wx + ‘ANIT+ BAZO TiU6i KIM LOAT+ PHIRI, OXIT BAZO+ DD AXIT [15 20)” KIM LOAT= DD AXIT OXIT AXIT + DD KIEM [1+ 121] KIM LOAI+ DD MUGI 15 ee 12. B(OH); + HSO, > BaSOyt + 2,0 So etRALO 6 1.CuO + 2HCL Cac, +10 14, $0:+ 2NaOH -»Nas$O; + FO - 15. CHO + CO, > CACO, DDMUOI+ DDKIEM. HZ 16. BaCl, + NaySO, > BaSO.d + 2NaC = 17. CuSO, + 2NaOH > CulOH)» + Nas8O, MUGI=DDAXIT [19 18. CaCO, + 2HC1-» CaCl, + COs? + H,0 19. 2Fe + 3h —* 2FeCls 20. Fe + 2HC1—> Fes + ht 21. Fe + CuSO, > FeSO, + Cub ‘THnVienDeTi com‘Tran Van Than hs_k25 ‘TINH CHAT HOA HOC CUA KIMLOAL ieareroo sine} ei 2. Ife + Ch, Fs FeCl ont ea 3 Fe + 2HCI-> FeCl + Hit . 4. Fe + CuSO, > FeSO, + a cul KIM LOAL DD us iim MUOr MUOI+ KL DAY HOAT DONG HOA HOC CUA KIM LOAL, K, Na, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, Pb, (H), Cu, Ag, Au (Khi Nao May A6 Zp Sait Phai Hoi Ciic Bae Vang) ¥ ugha: [K [Ba [Ca [Na [Me [AT [Zn [Fe [Ni [Su [Po] [Cu [Ag [He [Au] Pe hig dg hung Khé phin tng Tac dung véi née Khong (1 [iis [Ga [Na [is [At [Zn [Fe [Si] Su [Po] H| Cv An [Hi [Aw]P. Téc dung véi céc axit thong thutmg gii phéng Hidro Khong tée dung. Kim loai ching tcc dy kim loa ding sau ra khOi muoi K [Ba | Ca [Na | Me [ Al] Zn [Fe [Ni [Sa [Pb] M [Cu [Az [He [Au] Pt HO, CO khong khit doc oxit kr duge oxit cdc kins loai nay & mhigt 46 ca0 a ‘kim loai ding tragic Mg phi \ing v6i née érnhiet 49 thuémg t90 thal dd Kiém va giai phéng khi Hidko. = Trir Au va Pt, cfc kim logi khie déu c6 thé te dug véi HNOs va HsS0, dge hung khong gid phéng Hiro. SO SANH TINH CHAT HOA HOC CUA NHOM VA SAT * Giving: ‘THnVienDeTi com‘Tran Van Than hs_k25 = Déu 66 cfc tial chat chung cia kim loa ~ Dau khong tic dung voi HNOs va H:S0, dic ngudi © Khae: hit AL(NIK = 27) Fe (NIK = 36) Tinh chat [= Kin Toai mau tring, e6 dah kim, [~ Kim loai mau trang xm, c6 ab vatly | abe, din dign nbist to. skim, din din niet kém hon = tae = 660°C . = La kim Jogi nh, dé dit méng, | -LA kim loai nang, do nén dé ren, ao. ‘Tie dung v6i | 21+ 3G; —* 5 2AICs 2Fe + 30, 2 2FeCh, phiki | oA14 38 “5 ALS. Fe+S "5 Fes ‘Tie dyng vai | 2A1 + GHC > 2AICl, + 3H Fe+2HCL> FeCh + He axit ‘Tie dung wi | 2AL-+ 3FeSOs-> ALISO.) + 3Pe_ [Fe + 2AgNOs-> FetNO.)+ 2A nua Tic dung vai | 2AT-+ 2NNOH + HO Khong phin dd Kiéu => 2NaAIO: + 3H if Hop chat |-ALOs 6 th uous tinh = FeO, Fess vi FesO, dé lb cfc ALO; + 6HCI-> 2AIC1, +310 _ | oxit biz ALOs+ 2NaOH-+2NaAIO, + H20 AKOH) ket tia dang keo, Bihgp| ~ Fe(OH), mau tring xan chu hong tinh = Fe(OH); mau nau dd Kétiuan|- Nidan fa kim float long tinh, 66 |- Sit thé hign 2 hoa te TTT thé téc dung véi ci dd Axit va dd | + Tie dung v6i axit thong thug, Kiém. ‘Troug céc phan tg hoa | véi phi kim yéu, voi dd m hhoe, Nhom thé hign hos wil | + Tic dyng véi H:SO, dic néng, ddd HINOs, vei phi kim man: I GANG VA THEP Gan; Thep DN Gang 1B hop kim cia Sit véi]- Thép 1 hop kim cia Sit vi Cacbon va 1 S6 nguyen 16 kluic | Cacbon va 1 s6 nguyen 16 Khe hit Mn, SiS... (%9C=2+5%) | (SeC<2%) Sin xuat—[C+02 “4 CO; 2Fe +02 =» 2FeO C0, +C £5 260 FeO +C 4 Fe + CO 3CO+ FeO; > 2Fe+ 3CO. | FeO. + Mn > Fe + MnO 4CO+Fe0, “5 AFe+ 400, | 2FeO + Si “5 2Fe + SiO; CaO + SiO; 4 CaSiO; Tinh chat [Cing. gion... Cling. din hoi, ‘TINH CHAT HOA HOC CUA PHI KIM. 7 SAN PHAM KEE HCL + HCIO NaCl+ OXIT AXIT ae HCL 1,0. | Nude Giaven Bisevicaderd‘Tran Van Than hs_k25 oo 43081 + Kim tosh aa am OXIT KIM LOAI HOAC MUGT MUOICLORUA KCI+KCIO, Kinn cuong: La ch in| Than cbis La cat ‘Cacbon v0 din inh: L2 trong suot, cing, khong din dlen. Lam 6 trang ste, mt khoan, dao cat kinh, uc, chi tom, rugt bat chi sm, c6 kha nang din dign chat rin, xop, khong 6 kha nang dan dien, 6 inh hip pi Lam nhién lign,ché tao mat 1a phous dec. at bal Ba dong wept oct KIMLOAI+CO; f/F0urkT CACBON co, $0; ‘CAC PHUONG TRINH HOA HOC DANG NHO 2Fe + 3Cls > 2FeCls Fe+S—*4 Fes. H,0 + Cl > HC1+ HCO 2NaOH + Cl > NaCl + NaClO +H 4HICL + MaOy —25 MaCh + Ch +2 6.NaCl+2H,0 S25 2NaOH + Ch + ca 6. C+2CWO 4 200+ CO» 7. 300+ FeO; 45 2Fe + 300) 8. NaOH + CO; > NaHCO 9, 2NaOH + CO) ~+ Na,CO, + 1,0 PHAN LOAIHOP CHAT HUU CO HOP CHAT HOU CO HIDRO CACBON DAN XUAT CUA RH Hidiocabon | Hiciocacho) Hidrocacba] Hilrocacbon | Dinant || Din ust | Dinuit 0 Khongn6 | Escazno| than | chia |) chia Oxi | chia Nits Akan ‘Aken | Anka” | Area | Halogen |f "VD: VD: erro: | cra | ctr. |v |] canson | Protein ihe | Glas | Gis, | casei |) Gicoor DiGi. | vD:Giy| YB: Cate | GotisBe |] st beo Mean) | qBileay | Arsen) | Beazen) Giusit ‘THnViendeT co‘Trin Van Thin hs_K25 Tgp chat Mein Axctlen Brazen CPT. CH= 16 CHD CHG ~ 78 PIK. Cong thie ra cat 90 a ‘ a, | Litt ket ba gm 1H fan : ae Lign két doi gom Liew ket | OSS Leo AT) a doi va 3k don xen ké Pemeat bin vd en ket kém ban _| POY 2 Hien ket Rem bin | a vane 6 anh dé Trang ih Kh Lon, Tinh chat | Khdng miu, Khéng mi, Tan tong ai, ae hom Khong Kh Khong miu, “khong vatly trong nude, albe hon nse, hod tan nhidu cht, doc Tinh chat | GS phan tag chay sink a CO; va HO CH, + 20) > CO) +210 20H, + 50; > 400, + 2H,.0 CoH, + 302» 2CO; + 2H,0 2CsHs + 150; —» 12CO, + 6H,0 ‘Chi tham gia phan ing thé | Cé phan tmg cong C6 phan ‘ing cong ‘Vita co phan tmg thé va CH, + Cl “> GH, + Bry) > GH,Br) GH) + Br) > CHBr) phan tmg cong (khé) CHC HCl] C,H 22> Coe [CHD +Bo > CHB | Cat, + Be, > GH, + H,0 > C,H,OH CsH3Br + HBr CH, + Ch 2 > The dyng [Lam ohiéa figu, nauyéa Lam nauyéa Tee div ché Lam ohién ew han xi,[Lam dong mei, digu che figu trong di ‘song va | nha PE, nou Etylic, Axit| thap sing, fa nguyén lieu | thadc nhuom, dg phim, trong cong nghigp Axetic, kich thich qui chin. | sin xust PVC, cao su... | huge BVTV... Diguché | C5 trong Khi tien nhién, Sp ché hod dau mo, sinh m=] Cho dat den + nude. sp) San pham chumg nha than Khi déng hanh, khi hi qua chin ché hos din ma i, cHon —"248 CaC, + H,0 > en ng Hy +. Ca(OH: Nhin bist [Khog lim mit miu dd Br, [Lim mét_miu_dung dich |Tim mit miu dung dich | Ko lim mat miu dd Brom ‘ThnVienDeTi com‘Trin Van Thin hs_K25 [ [Lim mat mau Clo ngoai as | Brom [Brom nhiéw hon Etilen [Ko tan trong music RUQU ETYLIC AXIT AXETIC IPT: CHO CIPT: CHO; ti Cong tite a aces iran crc c-cx,-on bw La chat long, Khong miu, d& tan vi tan nbiéu trong nuée ‘Tin chat var ly [S6i678.3°C, ube hon nuéc hoa tan due nhigu chat. | $0i 6 118°C, c6 vi chua (dd Ace 2-34 Fam gam Ba) nhitTot, Benzen... = Phin img vat Na: 2CH.OH + 2Na > 2CH.ONa + 2CH,COOH + 2Na > 2CH,COONa + Hp + Rutou Etylic tc dng véi axit axetic tao than este Etyl Axetat ‘Tinks chat hos CH.COOH + HOH 5 S224 CH.COOCH, + HO ho. > Ghiy véingon lta mau xanb, to nbiéu nhigt | ~ Mang di tinh chat cia axit Lam dO quy tim. te dame CHO 30) > 200; + 31,0 ‘Gi kim log trade H, v6i 20, oxit bazar, dl mui = BiOXH trons kk c6 men xii tac 2CH,COOH + Mg —> (CHsCOO)Mz + H. CHAOH + 0; “+ CH,COOH + 1,0 _| CH,COOH + NaOH > CH,COONa + H.0 th Ding lam nbién liév, dong moi pha som, che ras | Ding dé ph aim an, sin xuat chit do, thude ahora, He dune | bia, duge phim, digu chi axit axetie va cao s dug phim. 16.. ‘Bang phivong phap len mea tin bot hoge dams = Len men dea aha itu ene |CiHsOs ate» 2CHLOH + 200, HOH +0. "> CH,COOH + H.0 a Hoge cho Etlen hap nse ~Trong PIN: (GH. + HO + CHO 2c IsCOONa + H,SO; > 2CH,COOH + Na:SO, ‘ThnVienDeTi com‘Trin Van Thin hs_K25 GLUCOZO SACCAROZO- TINH BOT VA XENLULOZO_ Cong tie | Ch: Os CHO, (CHinOs), Tinh bot: n= 1200 6000 phan tit Xenlulozo: n = 10000 ~ 14000 Truig [Chat Ket tinh, Hhong wu, vj [Chat Ket tinh, Khoug miu, vingot | C3 chit rin ting. Tia bot tan dvgc wong thai | got dé tan ong née sic, dé tan trong nuée, tan niu) aude aéng —> hé ti be. Xentulora khong ‘Tinh chat ‘wong nue ong tan trong née ké 4 dun nde vary “Tan aa | PH ge “Thuy phin Khi din ndng trong da Thy phan Ki dun néng trong dd axit losing inl chit | C4,,0,+Ag20 > axit loans dx hoa hoc 2 dip (CsHigOs), + BHO ———> nCH,05 CHlu0r+ 2A8 | CHO, + Ho > wong CoO + CoH:O¢ Ho tin ot Ham Tor ehuyén mat xan ucoze_fructoza Thife an, dvge pha Thife an, lim bank Keo .., Pha che doe pain Tinh bor Ethic an cho ngudi va dong vat, nguyen ligu dé sin xuat duing Glucozo, oe nigu Fiylic. Xenlulozs ding dé sin xuat i. vi, d6 26 vA vt isu xAy dmg Diku ene | CO tong qua chin (ako), hat wiy | C6 wong ma, ci e&i dubae Tinh bor e6 nhiéu trong ci, qui, Tat sn: did che ttn bot. Xenlulozs e6 wong vi day. gai su bong. 26 ‘Nivin biet | Phi ug tring ewong 6 phn tng tring ewe Khi dun | Nha ra tink bOt bing da Tot: 66 mu xaul nnéng trong dd axit ac tn; ‘ThnVienDeTi comPHAN B: CAC CHUYEN DE CO BAN BOI DUONG HSG MON HOA THCS‘Tran Van Than hs_k25 _ CHUYEN BE I: CO CHE VA CAN BANG PHUONG TRINH HOA HOC I Phiin teng oxi hod- klut, va khong oxi hod- kiué. WV Phan ting hod hop. ‘Dae dim ctia phn img: Cé thé xiy ras thay di s6 oxi hos hoge khong. Vid Phan tng c6 st thay di s6 oxi hos. AAL 9) + 302g) => 2ALOs 0 Phin tng khong e6 st thay doi 6 oxi hos BaO w+ H,O yy => Ba(OH) 2/ Phan ting phan h ~ Dac digm cia phan ding: C6 thé xay ra su thay d6i s6 oxi hos hodc khong. Vidw Phan tng e6 si thay d6i s6 oxi hos. IKCIOs yan > IRC +. 3020) Phan tng khong c6 su thay déi s6 oxi hos €4C04 65m CaO + C2) U/ Phan ting 6 su thay di s6 oxi hoa. V/ Phan ting thé. ~ Dac diém cia phn img: Nguyén tit ciia don chat thay thé mot hay nhiéw nguyen tir ciia mot nguyen t6 trong hap chat Vidu: Zag) + 2HCL > ZnCl ay) + Ha) 2/ Phan ing oxi hoa - kt ~ Bac digm civ phn mg: Xa ra dng thoi su oxi hs visu Kit hay ay «long thoi su nhuémg electron va shan electron. Vidu: CuDip + Hey Trong dé ~ Hl cht Khir (Chat nlnrimg e cho chat kc) = CuO 18 chat oxi hos (Chat nbn e cia chat kc) + Tit Hh => 10 duge got fi su oxi hod. (Sy chisin oxi cia et ke) = Tir CuO ---> Cu duge goi i st kn. (S¥ abudmg oxi cho chat khéc) > Cy + HOm ‘THnVienDeTi comTrin Van Thanh hs_k25 IV) Phan img khong ¢6 thay d6i s6 oxi hod. 1 Phan ting gia axit va bazo. ~ Dae dim ciia phi img: Sin phim thu dige imu Vidu: 2N2OH a + HLSO1 ce NaOH gi) + H:S0. CWOH) 6+ 2H Tron dé Phan ting tr Aa ue. > Nax$Os,a + 2H20 9) -> NaHSOs a) + HO 5 “> CuCl a) + 2H: 6) wt tham gia 6 trang thai dung deh). bazo vei omg vitn di ~ Sin phim cia phan tg 14 muoi trang hoa NaOH yy) + HCl gg) > NaCl go, + HO 2/ Phan ding gua axit va mus ~ Dae diem cia phn img: Sin phim thu duce pha o6 i ahst mot chat khong tan hhoac mét cht khi hoae mot chat dign li yeu. Vidu: NaxCOs\o + 2HClae > NaCl iss + HO) + Co) -> BaSO 4) + 2HCL, Lu ¥: BaSO, 1a chat khong tan ké ca trong moi tudng axit, 3/ Phan wing gitta bazo va mudi ning: i 6 trang thi dung dich (tan duge tron made) 2Na0H ws) + CuCh ay Ba(OH)> a) + Na:SOs a) NH{Cl a) + NaOH AIC; + NAOH AIH): + NOOH 2NaCl ss) + CulOH) >, 2Na0H i > NaCl es) + NHa yy + Hy 3NaCl 4s + ANOH)s > NaAlOa + HO a, ~ Dae diém cia phn + Chat tham gia pha 6 trang théi dung dich (ton duge trong nutéc) + Chat tgo than (San pham thu duge) pha e6 it nhat mot chat khong tan hoac mot chat kif hoge mot ehait din i yeu Vidw NaCl ya) + ABNOs 4p ===> AaCl yy + NANO § 4, BaCh gg) + NasSO 49) ~=-> BaSOy + 2NaCl gy 2PeCh ay) + SHO py + 3NAsCOs as) > 2Fe(OH) 9 + 3CO> ) + ONC. ‘THnVienDeTi com‘Tran Van Than hs_k25 GIOITHIEU 1 SO PHUONG PHAP CAN BANG PHUONG TRINH HOA HOC. huong trinh theo phuon; dai s6. ‘Vidu: Cin bang phiong ink phan img P05 +20 > HPO: Bara cic he $6 x, y, 2 vao phurong trinh ta e6: ~ Can ett vio s6 nguyen ti P ta ¢6: 2x =z wo fan ci vio s6 nguyen tif Ota cé: Sx-+y=2 (2) - Can ott vo $6 nguyen tit H ta e6: 2y = 32 8) ‘Thay (1) vio (3) ta 66: 2y = 32 = 6x => New x =I thiy=3vaz=2 => Phuong tink & dang can bing nh sau: POs + 3H;0-> 2HsPO, Vi du: Cin bing phuong tinh phan ing AL HNOs pang ===> AUNOs): + NO +10 Burge 1: Dat he 06 bing cic én 30 a, b trie ce cht tha gn vA chat tao thn (Neu 2 chat ma tring nba thi ing 1 in) Tac a Al +b HNO; a AI(NO:); + ¢NO + b/2 HO. Burge 2: Lap phone tinh toa ge waiting lsi nguyen 16 6 si thay di ve sé nguyen tr 2 v6 Tainan thay chi c6 N va O Bi e6 suthay di Noob=ate O: 3b=9+e+b2 (MD Bure 3: Gai phone trinh ton hoc A tim he ss Thay (1) vio (ID ta de Mate) 9a te +b “> b=4vie=1. Thay vio ) => dluge vio phng rnb V2 hod chin pong tin 21 Can biing theo phuong php electron, Vi du Cu + HNO: > Cu(NO)) + NO) + HO Bude 1: Vist PTPU dé xée diuh su thay di so oxi hod cia nguyen 16 Ban dius Cu? —-> Cut? Trong cht sau phan tng CuNO2 Ban diu: N*3(HNO,) —-> N+#Trong ehat sau phan img NO} Birdie 2: Xéc din so oxi hos cia cde nguyen 6 thay di Gu? —> Cur? Nee Ne Bude 3: Viet cdc qua wink oxi hod va qua wink kh ‘THnVienDeTi com‘Tran Van Than hs_k25 Burde §: Dima he 6 vao phuong trinh, kiém tra, cin bing phiin khong oxi hos - Khir va hoaa than PTH. =» CuNO,)> +2NOs + HO > CuUNOg); + 2NO; + 2H, 1 Can bang theo phuong php ban phin ting ( Hay ion - electron ‘Theo phurong phiip nay thi ed bude va 2 siding nut phuong php electron. Bude 3: Viet cdc bin phn mg oxi ho va lin phi hig Khir theo nguyen tac: + Cée dang oxi hoa va dang kit cia ede chat oxi hos, chat khir ne thuge chat ign li :manh thi viet dui dang ion. Can chat dign li yeu, Khong diem li, chat ran, chat kh thi viet dui dang phan tir (hoac nguyén ti). Doi véi bin phan img oxi hoa thi viet soe ‘hn bea trai con ban phn ting thi vit s6e cho bén pha, Bude 4; Cin bing s6 ¢ cho ~nhan va cOng hai bin phi phan \ing dang ion ‘Macn chuyén phitong tinh phan ting dang ion than dang phan tita cong 2 ve nhs long twemg dong nhur nhat ion tei dia (Cation vi anion) dé bi tee dign rch, (Chit §: cn bang koi lens. iia nifa phan ing. ‘Moi iruémg axit hoae tung til thi kiy oxi trong HO. ‘Bude S; Hon thinh phon tinh gta dvgc phot trl ‘THnVienDeTi com‘Tran Van Than hs_k25 MOT SO PHAN UNG HOA HOC THUONG GAP. Cin nim ving diéu kien dé xiy ra phan ting trao déi trong dung dich, Gém cae phan img Vy Axit + Bazo—+> Musi + H,O 2) Axit + Musi —> Muciiméi + Axitmdi 3/ Ding dich Muci_+ Dung dich Bazo —+ Muoiméi_ + Baza méi 4 2Dung dich Modi tac dung véi naw —> 2 Mooi mei ‘Diu Kien dé xav ra phan dng trav di ka Sein phim shu duuge phai 6 it hit mor chat khong tan hoxic mor chat Khi hog phai e6 HO va cde chit tham gia pha theo yeu edu cia tig phn ing Tinh tan iia mot s6 mudi va bazo. clo rua déu tan (trirmudi AgCl PC ) nit rat dé cita kim Joai kiém déu tan = Hain hét cae bazo khong tan (tit esc baze cia kim loai kiém, B(OH) va Ca(OH)» tan it. *Na,COj , NaHCO; ( K,CO; , KHCO ) va cc musi cacbonat cia Ca, Ma, Ba dé tc dung duge véi a xi ‘aHCO, + NaHSO, —+ Na,S0, + H,0 + CO; Na;CO; + NaHSO, —> Khong xiy NaHCO; + NaQH > Na,CO; + HO NaCO; + NaOH —>» Khong xiy ra 2NaHCO; —+ Na,CO; + HO + COs NaHCO; + Ba(OH), —> BaCO; + NaOH + HO 2NaHCOs + 2KOH —> NaxCO; + K:COs + 21.0. Na,CO, + B(OH): —+ BaCO, + 2NaOH Ba(HCO,)> + BalOH); —s 2BaCO; + 2H;0 Ca(HCO.)) + Ba(OH)) —> BaCOs + CaCOs + 24,0 NaHCO; + BaCl; —> Khong xi ra NasCO; + BaCh —s BCO; + 2NaCl Ba(HCO,)> + BaCl, —> khong xy ra CalHCO,), + CaCl, —> khong xy ra ‘aHSO; + NaHSO, —> Na:SO, + HO + SOs ‘a;S0; + HO, —> Na,S0, + HO + SO; 2NaHSO; + H)SO, —> NaSO; + 2HO + 250) NaSO, + 2NaHSO, —+ 2NaS0, + HO + SO; 2KOH + 2NaHSO, —> Na.S0, + K.SO, +10 (NH);CO; + 2NaHSO, —+ Na,SO, + (NH,),S0,+ H.0 + CO; Fe + CuSO, —+ FeSO, + Cu Cu + FeSO, —> khong xay ra Cu + Fe($0,); —> 2FeS0, + CuSO, Fe + FeySO,): —> 3FeSO, 2FeCl, + Ch 25 FeCl, ‘THnVienDeTi com