Health and Safety

Q1.
Dilute acids react with many things.
Tick the four boxes by the correct descriptions.

Tick no more than four boxes.

Acids always dissolve glass.

Acids can be burned as fuels.

Acids damage teeth.

Acids react with metals such as magnesium.

Acids turn universal indicator solution blue.

Acids may harm your skin.

Acids react with limestone.

Acids are always poisonous.

4 marks
Q2.
(a) Vinegar is sometimes put on chips. It has a sharp, sour taste.
What does the taste tell you about vinegar?
Tick the correct box.
It contains salt.
It contains sugar.
It is an acid.
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It has turned bad.
1 mark
(b) Washing soda crystals react with acid to give off carbon dioxide.
If you added some washing soda crystals to vinegar,

what would you see happening?
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) Red cabbage can be used to test for acids and alkalis. It is bright red in acids
and purple in alkalis.
(i) What colour is it in lemon juice?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Complete the sentence below.
Substances which change colour when you add acid or alkali are
called ..............................

1 mark
(d) The labels have fallen off two bottles. The labels say ‘Distilled Water’ and
‘Sulphuric Acid’.
(i) Why should you not taste the liquids to see which is which?
.............................................................................................................
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1 mark
(ii) You can use some washing soda crystals to find out what is in each bottle.
Describe what you would do and what you would see in each case.
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2 marks
Maximum 7 marks
Q3.
Peter burns a piece of crispbread to find out how much energy is stored in it. Energy from
the burning crispbread raises the temperature of the water in the test-tube.
(a) Describe one way Peter has arranged the apparatus so that he is working safely.
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2 marks
(b) Peter wants to find out if potato crisps contain as much energy as crispbread. He
does the experiment again using a piece of potato crisp.
Suggest two things he must do to make the experiment a fair test.
1. .................................................................................................................
2. .................................................................................................................
1 mark
The table shows some of the nutritional information from a packet of crispbread and
a packet of potato crisps.
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(c) Peter burns 1.0 g of potato crisp instead of 1.0 g of crispbread in a similar
experiment. What result will he get when he burns the potato crisp? Tick the correct
box.
The change in the temperature of the water will be greater.
The change in the temperature of the water will be the same.
The change in the temperature of the water will be smaller.
There will be no change in the temperature of the water.

1 mark
(d) (i) Fibre contains energy. Explain why this energy can not be used by the
human body.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Use the table in part (b) to give two reasons for choosing crispbread rather
than potato crisps as part of a balanced diet.
1. .........................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2. .........................................................................................................
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2 marks
(e) Crispbread does not contain vitamin C. Which of the foods in the list below is the
best source of vitamin C?
cheese eggs fish oranges

1 mark
Maximum 8 marks
Q4.
The exhaust gases of a car with a petrol engine are analysed during its ‘MOT test’. The
results are shown below.

gas % volume
carbon monoxide 3.0
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carbon dioxide
oxygen 13.0
other gases 0.4
83.6
(a) The air going into the engine contains about 20% of oxygen.
Explain why there is only 0.4% of oxygen in the exhaust gases coming out of
the car engine.
....................................................................................................................
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1 mark
(b) (i) Petrol is a mixture of compounds which contains only carbon and hydrogen.
Complete combustion of petrol produces carbon dioxide and one other
substance. What is this other substance?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) When petrol is burned in the car engine, carbon monoxide is produced
as well as carbon dioxide.
Explain why carbon monoxide is dangerous and may kill you.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 3 marks
Q5.
The following warning sign was on a bottle of bleach.
(a) A word is missing from the box on the warning sign. Choose the correct word from
the list below and write it in the empty box.
Corrosive flammable irritant poison

1 mark
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(b) The following words are written by the side of the warning sign.
WARNING! Do not mix with

other products. May release
dangerous gases (chlorine).
A teacher shows what happens if the warning is ignored. In a fume cupboard, he
pours some bleach into a beaker of acid. It reacts to give off chlorine gas.
(i) What would you see in the liquid when a gas is being formed?
.............................................................................................................
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1 mark
(ii) The teacher gets a few drops of bleach on his hand by accident.
What should he do?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 3 marks
Q6.
The following key can be used by scientists to identify plastics.
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(a) Use the key to identify plastics A and B.
(i) Plastic A does not melt when it is touched with a hot nail. It gives off a fishy
smell when it is heated but does not crack.
Plastic A is ..........................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Plastic B melts when it is touched with a hot nail. It burns without dripping. It
keeps burning even when the flame is taken away.
Plastic B is ..........................................................................................
1 mark
(b) The tests in the key should always be done in a fume cupboard.
Give two reasons why burning a plastic is dangerous.
1. ..................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................
2. ..................................................................................................................
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2 marks
Maximum 4 marks
Q7.
Jasmine is deaf. She blows up a balloon and holds it near to John’s mouth. She cannot
hear John’s voice, but she can tell that he is speaking, by feeling the balloon.
John Jasmine
(a) How can Jasmine tell when John is speaking, by feeling the balloon?
.....................................................................................................................
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1 mark
(b) John shouts loudly. How will the balloon feel different to Jasmine now?
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1 mark
(c) Loudness is measured in decibels. The table below shows the loudness of some
sounds.

loudness,
sound
in decibels
whispering 20
normal talking 60
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disco 100
road drill 120
space rocket taking off 190
Jasmine’s balloon bursts.

What would be the most likely range of loudness of the sound produced when the
balloon bursts?
below 60 decibels

60–120 decibels

120–190 decibels

above 190 decibels

1 mark
(d) (i) Very loud sounds can damage a person’s ears.

In what way can the ears be damaged?
.............................................................................................................
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1 mark
(ii) Some people work in very noisy places.

How can they protect their ears?
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1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
Q8.
Michael cut his knee while he was playing football.
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A first-aider put a bandage over the cut.
(a) A bandage helps to stop a cut getting dirty or infected.

Give the name of one type of micro-organism which can infect a cut.
...........................................................
1 mark
(b) While he was cleaning Michael’s knee, the first-aider wore rubber gloves.
(i) Give one reason why wearing rubber gloves is important for the
first-aider’s health.
.............................................................................................................
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1 mark
(ii) Give one reason why it is important for Michael’s health that the
first-aider wears rubber gloves.
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1 mark
Maximum 3 marks
Q9.
(a) Potassium nitrate (KNO3) can be made by reacting ‘potash’ (K2CO3) with nitric
acid (HNO3).
(i) What is the chemical name for ‘potash’ (K2CO3)?
............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Write a balanced equation for the reaction of ‘potash’ with nitric acid.
............................................................................................................
3 marks
(b) Potassium nitrate is used in airbags, which are part of the safety equipment of
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modern cars.
Inside an airbag, potassium nitrate is mixed with sodium azide.
When there is an accident, a spark makes the chemicals react.
(i) Firstly, the solid sodium azide (NaN3) decomposes to produce sodium and
nitrogen gas (N2). Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.
............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Next, the sodium reacts with the potassium nitrate to form more nitrogen gas.
The nitrogen inflates the nylon airbag.
Explain, in terms of molecules, why the formation of nitrogen gas makes the
bag inflate.
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2 marks
(iii) Why is it important that there is no sodium left after the reactions?
............................................................................................................
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1 mark
(c) (i) As the driver is thrown forward against the bag, the gas pressure in the bag
increases. Explain why it increases.
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1 mark
(ii) There are tiny holes in the bag which allow a small volume of the gas to
escape.
How does this prevent injury to the driver?
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1 mark
Maximum 10 marks
Q10.
Marie mixed 5 g of carbon with 5 g of lead oxide.
She heated the mixture strongly for 15 minutes in a fume cupboard.
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After 15 minutes, Marie found some shiny beads in the mixture.
(a) (i) Marie collected all the shiny beads from this experiment.
How could she test them to show they were metal?
……………..……………………………….…………………..……….……
……………..……………………………….…………………..……….……
1 mark
(ii) Marie’s test showed that the tiny beads were metal.
What metal were the beads likely to be?
……………..……………………………….…………………..……….……
1 mark
(b) Marie also expected carbon dioxide to be formed in this experiment.
(i) In carbon dioxide, what element is combined with carbon?
……………..…………….……
1 mark
(ii) Where, apart from the air, did this element come from in this experiment?
……………..…………….……
1 mark
(c) Give one safety precaution Marie should take during this experiment.
……………..……………………………….…………………..……………………
……………..……………………………….…………………..……………………
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
Q11.
(a) Many chemicals are dangerous if not used carefully.
Read the two hazard descriptions. Look at the hazard labels.
Draw a line from each description to the correct label.
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2 marks
(b) The label on a bottle of kitchen cleaner says:
It leaves kitchen and bathroom surfaces bright and shiny.

Another part of the label says:
Contains sulphamic acid
Irritating to eyes and skin
Keep out of reach of children

(i) The chart shows the colour of universal indicator in different solutions.
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strongly weakly weakly strongly
type of solution neutral
acidic acidic alkaline alkaline
colour of universal
red orange green blue purple
indicator
What colour will the kitchen cleaner turn universal indicator?
..................................................................……….
1 mark
(ii) Which hazard label do you expect to see on the bottle?

Write the correct letter from the list above.
............................................…
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
Q12.
Spots may be caused by bacteria in the skin. A researcher investigated the effect of spot-
lotion on bacteria.
(a) He grew bacteria on the surface of jelly in a Petri dish.
At what temperature would the bacteria reproduce quickly?
100°C 4°C
37°C –15°C

1 mark
(b) The researcher placed two small paper discs onto the surface of the jelly.
One disc had been soaked in spot-lotion. The other disc had been soaked in water.
The diagrams below show the jelly at the beginning of the experiment and two days
later.
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Suggest what had happened to the bacteria in the clear area around the paper disc
soaked in spot-lotion.
……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
1 mark
(c) What was the control in this experiment?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
1 mark
(d) Give two safety precautions the researcher should take to avoid contact
with the bacteria.
1. ……………………………………………………………………………………
2. …………………………………………………………………………………….
2 marks
Maximum 5 marks
Q13.
Wesley wants to give up smoking but finds it difficult.
(a) The graph shows the level of nicotine in Wesley’s blood after he smokes a cigarette.
The craving threshold is the amount of nicotine he needs in his blood to stop him
wanting a cigarette.
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(i) Use the graph to calculate how often Wesley needs to smoke a cigarette to
keep the nicotine level above the craving threshold.
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Wesley continues to smoke often. His craving threshold goes up.
Explain why this happens.
.............................................................................................................
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1 mark
(b) The graph below shows how the amount of nicotine in cigarettes changed between
1930 and 1990.
Predict one consequence of reducing the amount of nicotine in cigarettes
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Give the reason for your answer.
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2 marks
(c) Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide. If a pregnant woman inhales cigarette
smoke, some of the red blood cells will combine strongly with carbon monoxide
instead of oxygen.
If a pregnant woman smokes, how could this harm the foetus?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
Q14.
A teacher has a small torch. He switches it on and points it towards a mirror.
(a) A ray of light from the torch reflects off the mirror. Use a ruler to draw the ray of light:
(i) from the torch to the mirror;

1 mark
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(ii) reflecting off the mirror.
2 marks
Add arrows to the rays to show the direction of the light.
(b) A laser beam is a very bright and powerful beam of light. It is very dangerous to
point a laser beam towards people or animals.
Which part of the body can be most easily damaged by a laser beam?
....................................................
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
Q15.
Three pupils watched a firework display.
(a) A man lit the fireworks. He wore ear defenders.
Why should he wear ear defenders when he is close to loud fireworks?
........................................................................................................................
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1 mark
(b) A rocket exploded making a loud sound and a bright flash.

Peter, Sabrina and Jan were standing at different distances from the rocket.
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When the rocket exploded, Jan heard the quietest sound.
Why did Jan hear the quietest sound?
........................................................................................................................
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1 mark
(c) Jan saw the flash before she heard the sound.
What does this tell you about the speed of light and the speed of sound?
........................................................................................................................
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1 mark
(d) Complete the sentences below using words from the list.
chemical electrical heat light sound
(i) Jan, Sabrina and Peter could see the rocket explode because it
gave out ................................... energy.

1 mark
(ii) They could hear the rocket explode because it gave out
........................................... energy.
1 mark
(e) When the rocket stopped burning it fell to the ground.

What force caused it to fall to the ground?
.............................................................
1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q16.
The drawings show Sofia taking part in four different sports.
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The table below shows the average energy needed for each sport for one hour.
sport average energy need for

one hour (kJ)
bowling 1030
tennis 1760
football 2260
running 3700
(a) (i) Sofia plays football for two hours each week. She also goes bowling for two
hours each week.
Explain why Sofia uses up her food reserves more quickly when playing
football than when bowling.
.............................................................................................................
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1 mark
(ii) Athletes should not drink alcohol before taking part in sport.
Give two effects of alcohol which would affect an athlete’s performance.
1. .........................................................................................................
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1 mark
2. .........................................................................................................
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1 mark
(b) Some athletes take glucose tablets before a 100 metre race.
They can also obtain glucose from starch in their diet.
A starch molecule is made up of many glucose molecules joined together as shown
below.
In the digestive system, starch is broken down into glucose:

An athlete can obtain energy more quickly by eating glucose rather than starch.
Explain why.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 4 marks
Q17.
Harry investigated the effects of fizzy cola drink on his heart rate.
First he measured his heart rate every minute for 5 minutes when sitting down.
Then he drank some cola.
He continued to measure his heart rate at regular intervals.
This is a graph of his results.
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(a) Why did Harry measure his heart rate every minute for 5 minutes before drinking his
cola?
.....................................................................................................................
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1 mark
(b) Harry says cola affects his heart rate.
What evidence is there in the graph to support his idea that cola affects his heart
rate?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) Harry and Yasmin came to the following conclusions.
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Harry Yasmin
Explain why Yasmin’s conclusion is better than Harry’s conclusion.
.....................................................................................................................
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1 mark
(d) Yasmin said, “We should also measure Harry’s heart rate after he drinks fizzy
water”.
How would measuring Harry’s heart rate after he drinks fizzy water improve the
investigation?
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 4 marks
Q18.
(a) The graph below shows how the concentration of alcohol in a person’s blood
changed after drinking alcoholic drinks.
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It is illegal to drive if the concentration of alcohol in the blood is higher than
80 mg/100 cm3.
Use the graph to find out how long the concentration of alcohol in this person’s
blood was higher than 80 mg/100 cm3.
.................... hours
1 mark
(b) Why does alcohol in the blood increase the chance of having an accident?
It dulls the senses of

It causes slurred speech.
taste and smell.
It increases the size It increases the time

of the pupil in the eye. taken to react.
1 mark
(c) Alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream from the stomach.

Digested food is absorbed into the blood from a different part of the digestive
system.
Give the name of this part.
...........................................................
1 mark
(d) Give the name of one organ that is damaged by drinking a lot of alcohol over a long
period of time.
...........................................................
1 mark
(e) The drawing below shows a foetus in its mother’s uterus.
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If a pregnant woman drinks large quantities of alcohol, the blood vessels in the
umbilical cord may get very narrow for a while.
Give one way this could affect the foetus.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q19.
The thermometer drawn below can be used to measure the temperature of the human
body.
(a) (i) What is the lowest temperature this thermometer can measure?
..............°C
1 mark
(ii) What is the normal temperature of the human body?

37°C 39°C 41°C
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1 mark
(iii) When we are ill our temperature may go up.
A nurse can measure a child’s temperature with two different thermometers
as shown below.
Give one reason why it is safer to use a plastic strip thermometer than a
glass thermometer.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Viruses are micro-organisms that can make us ill.
Give the name of one other type of micro-organism that can make us ill.
................................................................
1 mark
(c) Alcohol and mercury are two liquids that can be used in glass thermometers.
The table gives information about these liquids.

liquid boiling point (ºC) colour
alcohol 78 colourless
mercury 357 shiny grey
(i) A red dye is added to the colourless alcohol used in thermometers.

Suggest a reason for this.
.............................................................................................................
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1 mark
(ii) Choose words from the list below to fill the gaps in the sentences.
gas liquid solid
When alcohol and mercury boil they both change from a liquid to
a ......................................
1 mark
Page 26 of 67
A thermometer containing mercury can be used to measure the
temperature of an oven at 150°C because mercury is a
....................................... at 150°C.
1 mark
maximum 7 marks
Q20.
The drawing shows some people in a balloon ride.
The basket of the balloon is fixed to the end of a steel cable.
(a) A man brings the balloon down by winding the steel cable around a winch.
Six properties of steel are given below.
(i) Which two properties of steel make it suitable for the cable?
Tick the two correct boxes.
It conducts electricity. It conducts heat.
It is flexible. It is magnetic.
It becomes rusty. It is strong.

2 marks
(ii) From these six properties of steel, give one property that is never useful.
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
Page 27 of 67
(b) The table below shows the mass of 1 m 3 of five different gases at 20°C.

gas mass of 1 m 3 of
gas (kg)
hydrogen 0.1
helium 0.2
air 1.2
oxygen 1.3
carbon dioxide 1.8
(i) Many years ago hydrogen was used in balloons that carried people.
Hydrogen is no longer used because it is dangerous.
Why is it dangerous to use hydrogen?
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Which other gas in the table can be used in a balloon so that it can go up in
the air?
.............................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q21.
The drawings show six objects made from different materials.
not to scale
(a) Fill the gaps in the sentences below.
The objects are made from materials that are all types of ...........................
1 mark
Page 28 of 67
All the materials are good conductors of electricity and ...............................
1 mark
(b) From the drawings above give one object that could rust.
......................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) The drawing below shows part of an electric cable and a plug.
(i) What material could be put around the wires to insulate them?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Why is this insulating material needed?
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(d) Which pair of objects is attracted to a magnet?


1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Page 29 of 67
Q22.
Anna has a can of deodorant that she uses once each day.
Before she uses the deodorant she measures the mass of the can.
(a) Her results are shown in the graph below.
(i) What was the mass of the can of deodorant on day 1?
.............. g
1 mark
(ii) How did the mass change as Anna used the deodorant?
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(iii) Anna did not use the deodorant on day 6.

How can you tell this from the graph?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) The deodorant can has a warning sign on it.
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What does this warning sign mean?
........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) A deodorant contains a solution of perfume and alcohol.
What happens to the perfume when it is mixed with the alcohol?
It boils. It dissolves.
It freezes. It melts.

1 mark
(d) Anna sprayed the liquid deodorant under her arms.

After a few minutes, her skin had dried.
What happened to the liquid?

It evaporated. It dissolved.
It boiled. It condensed.

1 mark
maximum 6 marks
Q23.
(a) The diagrams below show the patterns produced on an oscilloscope by three
different sound waves.
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(i) Which two waves have the same loudness?

Write the letters.
............ and ............
How do the diagrams show this?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Which two waves have the same pitch?

Write the letters.
............ and ............
How do the diagrams show this?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(iii) Shuli is listening to a sound that produces the pattern below.

Describe how the sound that Shuli hears changes between X and Y.
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) The table below shows the maximum time a person can listen to music at
different sound levels without damage to the ear.

sound level (decibels) maximum time (hours)
86 8
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88 4
90 2
92 1
94 0.5
Estimate the maximum time a person could listen to a sound of 87 decibels.
............ hours
1 mark
(c) The diagram below shows part of the human ear.

What happens to the ear drum as a sound gets louder?
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q24.
Lavender oil is a perfume obtained from lavender flowers.
Steam at 100°C is passed through the flowers in the apparatus below.
Page 33 of 67

not to scale
Water vapour and lavender oil vapour pass down a copper tube towards a separator.
(a) (i) The lavender flowers are heated in a container with a sealed lid.
Why must the lid be sealed?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) What would happen if the container did not have a pressure-release valve?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Lavender oil vapour and water vapour cool as they pass down the copper tube.
A mixture of lavender oil and water collects in the separator.
(i) What is the change in the physical state of both lavender oil vapour
and water vapour as they cool?
from .................................. to ..................................

1 mark
(ii) Look at the separator.
How does this show that the water is denser than lavender oil?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) Rosie poured some lavender oil into an oil burner.

She heated it with a candle.
Page 34 of 67

The oil changed state.
Which diagram represents this change of state?

Write the letter.
..............
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
Q25.
During pregnancy a woman's body increases in mass.
The table shows the average increase in mass in some parts of the body during
pregnancy.

increase in mass
part
during pregnancy (kg)
foetus 3.6
uterus 0.9
placenta 0.7
red blood cells 0.2
amniotic fluid 0.9
breast tissue 0.4
fat 3.9
(a) Explain why the mass of the placenta increases as the foetus develops.
Page 35 of 67
........................................................................................................................
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2 marks
(b) Pregnant women need to make sure they have plenty of iron in their diet.
Use information in the table to explain why they need extra iron.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) The foetus is not part of a woman’s body before she becomes pregnant.
Which two other parts from the table are not present in her body before she
becomes pregnant?
........................................................ and ........................................................

1 mark
(d) (i) The diagram shows the blood supply in the placenta and umbilical cord.
not to scale
When the mother breathes, oxygen and other gases pass to the foetus.
Complete the flow diagram below to show how oxygen passes from the mother
to the foetus. Use all the words from the list below.

lungs umbilical cord blood of foetus windpipe placenta
Page 36 of 67

2 marks
(ii) When a pregnant woman breathes in cigarette smoke, carbon monoxide gas
combines with some of her red blood cells.
How could this harm the foetus?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 7 marks
Q26.
Joanne burnt four different crisps.
She predicted that the bigger the crisp, the longer it will burn.
(a) Look at the picture above. What did Joanne wear to protect herself?
.............................................................
1 mark
Page 37 of 67
(b) Joanne measured the time taken for each crisp to burn completely.
The bar chart shows Joanne’s results.
Look at the bar chart.

How much time did crisp D take to burn?
..................... seconds
1 mark
(c) The crisps Joanne used in her investigation are shown below.
(i) Joanne predicted that the bigger the crisp, the longer it will burn.
Do the results support Joanne’s prediction?
Tick one box.
yes no
Use Joanne’s results to explain your answer.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) How can you tell that Joanne did not carry out a fair test?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
Page 38 of 67
(d) Joanne wrote some conclusions for her investigation.
Decide whether each conclusion is true, false, or you cannot tell.

Tick the correct box for each conclusion.

cannot
conclusion true false
tell
Two crisps took the same amount of

time to burn.
The smallest crisp burnt for the

shortest time.
Two of the crisps burnt with flames of

the same size.
3 marks
maximum 7 marks
Q27.
(a) Drinking alcohol can cause changes in the body.
(i) Draw a line from each change to the effect on the body.
Draw only three lines.

2 marks
(ii) People who drink alcohol and then drive a car are likely to have accidents.
From the information above, which effect of drinking alcohol causes
accidents?
...............................................................................................................
Page 39 of 67
1 mark
(b) The drawing below shows a baby in its mother’s uterus.
(i) Through which labelled part can alcohol pass from mother to baby?
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Which labelled part protects the baby from damage?
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
(c) (i) What do the hazard warning symbols, A and B, on this tube of glue mean?
Choose from the box below and write your answers on the lines.

corrosive explosive flammable toxic radioactive

2 marks
(ii) The glue contains a solvent.

Why is it dangerous to breathe in the fumes from the glue?
...............................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 8 marks
Q28.
Page 40 of 67
(a) George used the apparatus below to find out what substances are produced
when methanol burns.
As the methanol burned, two different gases were produced.
(i) One of these gases condensed in the U-tube to give a colourless liquid. Give
the name of this liquid.
........................................................
1 mark
(ii) The other gas turned the lime water cloudy.

Give the name of this gas.
........................................................
1 mark
(b) Methanol is sometimes used in antifreeze. It can be added to water in car

windscreen wash-bottles to prevent the water from freezing in cold conditions.

(i) The label on the bottle of antifreeze has two hazard warning symbols. What
two precautions would you need to take when using this antifreeze?
Page 41 of 67
1. .........................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2. .........................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Water freezes at 0°C. The label on the bottle shows how the freezing point
changes when different amounts of antifreeze are added to water.
Terry put a mixture containing 10% antifreeze into the wash-bottle of his car.
During the night the temperature dropped to –14°C.
The wash-bottle burst.
Explain why the wash-bottle burst.
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................
2 marks
Maximum 5 marks
Q29.
Some people have unbalanced diets. This can give them problems with their health.
(a) Draw one line from each unbalanced diet to the health problem it can cause.

4 marks
(b) Explain why eating a lot of chips every day is bad for your health.
....................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
Page 42 of 67
Q30.
Sodium hydrogencarbonate is present in indigestion powders.
It is often called bicarbonate of soda. Sodium hydrogencarbonate:
is a white solid;
does not smell;
forms a solution with a pH of about 8.5;
is very soluble in water;
is not poisonous.
(a) (i) Is sodium hydrogencarbonate solution acidic, alkaline, or neutral?
.............................................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Indigestion can be caused by too much acid in the stomach.
Which two pieces of information in the list are the most important reasons why
sodium hydrogencarbonate can be used as an indigestion powder?
1 .........................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................
2 marks
(b) Nitric acid reacts with sodium hydrogencarbonate. The salt formed is a nitrate. Fill in
the boxes to complete the word equation.

1 mark
(c) An indigestion powder contains sodium hydrogencarbonate and a small amount of

citric acid. The powder starts to fizz when it is added to water.
What gas is given off when the mixture fizzes?
....................................................................................................................
1 mark
Maximum 5 marks
Page 43 of 67
Mark schemes
Q1.
Acids damage teeth
1 (L4)
Acids react with metals such as magnesium

1 (L4)
Acids may harm your skin.

1 (L4)
Acids react with limestone.

1 (L4)
i.e. ticks in the third, forth, sixth and seventh boxes
if more than four boxes are ticked, deduct one mark
for each incorrectly ticked box
minimum mark zero
[4]
Q2.
(a) It is an acid
if more than one box is ticked, award no mark
1 (L3)
(b) bubbling
accept ‘fizzing’ or ‘froth’ or ‘effervescence’
or ‘gas given off’ or ‘carbon dioxide given off’
do not accept ‘a reaction’
1 (L3)
(c) (i) red or bright red

1 (L3)
(ii) indicators
1 (L3)
(d) (i) acid can be poisonous or burn or is dangerous or harmful

accept ‘it makes you ill’ or ‘it is corrosive’
or ‘because it might be acid’
do not accept ‘it will kill you’
1 (L4)
(ii) the answer should refer to the use of washing soda crystals
with both liquids
any one from
• pour some of the liquid from each bottle onto the washing soda
• add washing soda to a sample from each bottle

do not accept ‘ add washing soda to each bottle’
1 (L4)
Page 44 of 67
any one from
• one bubbles and one does not

accept ‘one of them bubbles’
• one gives off carbon dioxide and one does not
accept ‘one of them gives off carbon dioxide’
• the acid bubbles or gives off carbon dioxide

do not accept ‘it bubbles’ or ‘it gives off carbon dioxide’
• the water does not bubble or give off carbon dioxide
1 (L4)
[7]
Q3.
(a) any one from
• the test-tube is pointing away from him

accept ‘the test-tube is pointing away from the edge
of the bench’ do not accept ‘the test-tube is at an angle’
• he used a cork and a pin to hold the burning crispbread

accept ‘he used a pin’ or ‘he is not holding the crispbread’
or ‘the cork is on the stand’
• the test-tube is held in a clamp

accept ‘he used a clamp’ or ‘the test-tube is held tightly’
• it is away from the edge of the bench
• the apparatus is arranged over the base of the stand for stability
accept ‘the tube is over the base’
do not accept ‘he is wearing goggles
1 (L5)
(b) any two from
• use the same amount of water
• use the same mass or weight of crisp

accept ‘use the same mass of food’
do not accept ‘use the same amount of food’
• the crisp must be the same distance from the test tube as the
crispbread was
• start with water at the same temperature
• shield both experiments from the draught

do not accept ‘use the same apparatus’
or ‘heat for the same amount of time’
2 (L4)
Page 45 of 67
(c) The change in the temperature of the water will be greater.
1 (L6)
(d) (i) fibre is not digested

accept ‘it is not absorbed’
or ‘it does not get broken down’
do not accept ‘it is insoluble’
1 (L6)
(ii) any two from
• it contains less fat

accept ‘it is less fattening’
or ‘it contains less energy’
• it contains more fibre
• it contains more protein

do not accept ‘more carbohydrate’
2 (L6)
(e) oranges
1 (L5)
[8]
Q4.
(a) any one from
• used up in burning

accept ‘oxygen burned’
do not accept ‘used up’
• it reacted with fuel or petrol
• formed carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide

accept ‘it has been turned into carbon dioxide’
1 (L6)
(b) (i) water

accept ‘steam’ or ‘hydrogen oxide’
do not accept ‘hydroxide’
1 (L6)
(ii) it is poisonous or toxic

accept a reference to its being carried
by the blood in preference to oxygen
accept ‘it can form an explosive mixture with air’
do not accept ‘it damages the lungs’ or ‘it is harmful’
1 (L6)
[3]
Page 46 of 67
Q5.
(a) irritant
1 (L3)
(b) (i) bubbles

accept ‘froth’ or ‘fizzing’ or ‘foam’ or ‘effervescence’
do not accept ‘there is gas in the liquid’
do not accept ‘smoke’ or ‘mist’ or any answer referring
to what is happening above the liquid
1 (L4)
(ii) wash his hand

accept ‘wash it off’ or ‘rinse with water’
or ‘put it in water’ or ‘wash with soap’
1 (L3)
[3]
Q6.
(a) (i) melamine
1 (L4)
(ii) ABS
1 (L4)
(b) any two from
• it might give off poisonous fumes

accept ‘gives off dangerous or harmful gas’
or ‘gives off fumes’
accept ‘fumes can cause cancer’
• it could burn the skin

accept ‘it could drip on you’
• it could start a fire

accept ‘hot drips could start a fire’
do not accept ‘it keeps on burning
when the flame is taken away’
2 (L4)
[4]
Q7.
(a) the balloon vibrates
accept ‘by vibrations’
accept ‘it moves’
1 (L4)
(b) it vibrates more strongly

accept ‘bigger vibrations’
accept ‘it moves more’
accept ‘it vibrates more’
do not accept ‘more vibrations’
1 (L4)
Page 47 of 67
(c) 60-120 decibels
1 (L4)
(d) (i) burst ear drum

accept ‘the cochlea or nerve endings or inner ear
or middle ear is damaged’
accept ‘it makes you deaf’
accept ‘tinnitus’ or ‘ringing in the ear’
1 (L4)
(ii) any one from
• wear ear defenders
• use earplugs

accept any appropriate alternative method
1 (L3)
[5]
Q8.
(a) any one from
• bacteria
do not accept ‘germs’ or ‘microbes’
• viruses
• fungi
1 (L4)
(b) (i) to stop micro-organisms passing from Michael to the first-aider

accept ‘bacteria’ or ‘viruses’ or ‘fungi’
or ’microbes’ or ‘germs’ for micro-organisms
accept ‘to stop blood getting on the first-aider’
1 (L3)
(ii) to stop micro-organisms passing from the first-aider’s hands

to the cut or to Michael
accept ‘bacteria’ or ‘viruses’ or ‘fungi’ or ‘microbes’
or ‘germs’ for micro- organisms accept ‘rubber gloves
are sterile or cleaner than hands’
accept ‘to prevent the spread of infection or HIV
or AIDS’ as an alternative to one of the answers only
1 (L3)
[3]
Q9.
(a) (i) potassium carbonate
1
(ii) K2CO3 + 2HNO3 → 2KNO3 + CO2 + H2O

one mark for CO2 as a product
one mark for H2O as a product
Page 48 of 67
one mark for the complete balanced equation
accept ‘K2CO3 + 2HNO3 → 2KNO3 + H2CO3’ for two marks
3
(b) (i) 2NaN3 → 3N2 + 2Na

the products may be in either order
1
(ii) any two from
• molecules spread out

accept ‘gas molecules are far apart’
or ‘they are moving about’
• there are more gas molecules
• they collide with the bag
• the collisions cause pressure

2
(iii) it is very reactive

accept ‘sodium could cause burns’
or ‘sodium reacts violently with water’
or ‘it could cause a fire’
1
(c) (i) any one from
• the volume of the bag decreases
• the same number of molecules occupy a smaller space

accept ‘the molecules are forced closer together’
1
(ii) any one from
• the pressure in the bag is reduced

accept ‘to prevent the driver hitting a hard surface’
or ‘to stop the air bag from getting too hard’
• it softens the impact between the bag and the driver’s body
• it stops the driver bouncing off

accept ‘it stops the bag bursting’
1
[10]
Q10.
(a) (i) any one from
• test them in a circuit
• see if they conduct electricity
• add acid to see if hydrogen is produced
Page 49 of 67
1 (L5)
(ii) lead
accept ‘malleable’ or ‘ductile’
1 (L5)
(b) (i) oxygen

1 (L5)
(ii) lead oxide

accept ‘the oxide’
accept ‘the mixture’
do not accept ‘plants’
1 (L6)
(c) any one from
• wear goggles

accept any other appropriate safety measure
• wear a lab coat
• use a heat-proof mat
• tie her hair back

do not accept ‘use a fume cupboard’
1 (L5)
[5]
Q11.
(a)

award one mark for each correct line if more than one
line has been drawn from a hazard description box,
award no mark for any of the lines from that box.
2
Page 50 of 67
(b) (i) red or orange
accept ‘yellow’
1
(ii) Q
accept a drawing of the correct hazard label
accept ‘X’
accept ‘T’
1
[4]
Q12.
(a) 37°C
1 (L5)
(b) the lotion killed the bacteria

accept ‘they died’ or ‘they were killed or destroyed’
1 (L5)
(c) the paper disc soaked in water

accept ‘the other disc’
1 (L5)
(d) any two from
• keep the lid on the dish
• seal or secure the dish
• wear gloves
• wear a mask or goggles
• use tweezers to add the paper disc

do not accept ‘do the experiment in a fume cupboard’
2 (L5)
[5]
Q13.
(a) (i) accept any number from 38 to 47 minutes
1 (L7)
(ii) any one from
• the body gets used to the nicotine

accept ‘he gets used to it’
accept ‘his body will adapt to the nicotine’
• more nicotine is needed to get the same effect

accept ‘more nicotine is needed’
• the body develops tolerance

1 (L7)
Page 51 of 67
(b) The first mark is for a consequence. The second mark is for an explanation.
Examples are
either
• people will smoke more

1 (L7)
• to maintain the nicotine level in their blood above the craving threshold
accept ‘cigarette companies will make more money’
1 (L7)
or
• increased risk of lung cancer or other smoking-related disease

1 (L7)
• more cigarettes will be smoked

1 (L7)
or
• people will smoke fewer cigarettes

1 (L7)
• lower nicotine level causes less addiction

1 (L7)
(c) any one from
• less oxygen in the mother’s blood

do not accept ‘no oxygen’
• less oxygen passes through the placenta

do not accept ‘only carbon dioxide passes through the
placenta’
• less oxygen in the baby’s blood

accept ‘less oxygen for the baby’
accept ‘the red blood cells of the baby
or foetus will combine with carbon monoxide’
‘carbon monoxide passes through the placenta’ is insufficient
• smaller baby or brain damaged baby
• baby may be premature

accept ‘baby’s heart beat rises’ or ‘baby’s blood pressure
goes up’
1 (L7)
[5]
Q14.
(a) (i) a straight line from the torch to the mirror
1 (L3)
(ii) a straight ray which reflects off the mirror with the angle of
reflection approximately equal to the angle of incidence
Page 52 of 67
do not accept dotted lines
the incident ray must be continuous with the reflected ray
1 (L3)
an arrow on either the incident ray or the

reflected ray pointing in the correct direction
1 (L3)
(b) the eye

accept any named part of the eye
1 (L4)
[4]
Q15.
(a) any one from
• loud sounds can damage hearing

accept ‘they could damage his hearing’
• to protect his ears

accept ‘loud sounds can damage the ear’
• loud sounds can burst the eardrum

accept ‘it could make him deaf’
accept ‘they are very loud’
‘they are loud’ is insufficient as
‘loud’ is given in the question
1 (L3)
(b) any one from
• the further the sound travels the quieter it gets

accept ‘the sound or energy spreads out’
• she was furthest away

accept ‘she was further away’ or ‘she was far away’
accept ‘some of the sound is absorbed’
1 (L3)
(c) any one from
• the speed of light is greater than the speed of sound

accept ‘sound travels more slowly’
• light travels faster than sound

accept ‘light travels faster’
accept ‘light gets there before sound’
1 (L4)
(d) (i) • light

1 (L3)
(ii) • sound

1 (L3)
(e) gravity
Page 53 of 67
accept ‘weight’
1 (L4)
[6]
Q16.
(a) (i) football requires more energy than bowling
accept ‘football is more energetic’
accept ‘you run more in football’
accept ‘she is using up more kJ’
accept ‘playing football uses 2260 kJ/hr
and bowling uses 1030 kJ/hr’
do not accept ‘football is energetic’
1 (L7)
(ii) any two from
• alcohol increases the reaction time

accept ‘it slows reactions’ or ‘it slows the reaction time’
‘it slows them down’ is insufficient
• alcohol reduces co-ordination alcohol causes

or increases errors of judgement
accept ‘they would feel dizzy’
• alcohol reduces concentration

accept ‘they would be sleepy or drowsy’
accept ‘alcohol makes them lose more heat’
accept ‘it causes blurred vision’
2 (L7)
(b) any one from
• glucose can be absorbed
• starch molecules cannot be absorbed
• it takes time for starch to be broken down
• starch has to be digested or broken down

accept ‘glucose does not need to be digested’
1 (L7)
[4]
Q17.
(a) any one from
• to allow his resting pulse rate to be determined

accept ‘to get a reading of heart rate when relaxed’
• to compare his pulse before and after drinking the cola
accept ‘to make sure his heart rate was steady’
• so he would know if it had changed
Page 54 of 67
accept ‘to see if there was any change’
accept ‘so he could find out his normal heart rate’
accept ‘to get a reliable reading of his pulse rate’
accept ‘to find the average’
‘he wanted to know his heart rate before he drank his cola’
is insufficient as this is given in the question
1 (L5)
(b) his heart rate went up after he drank some cola

accept ‘his heart rate or pulse went up’
accept ‘it shows his heart rate went up’
accept ‘the graph shows his heart rate changed’
accept ‘the line goes up or changed’
accept ‘the points get higher’
1 (L5)
(c) any one from
• Yasmin’s conclusion describes how it affected his heart rate whil
Harry’s just says it affected his heart rate
accept ‘Yasmin is more specific or more detailed’
• Yasmin’s conclusion describes the direction of the change in his

heart rate
accept ‘Harry doesn’t say what the effect is’
• Yasmin’s conclusion describes how his heart rate changed

accept ‘Harry’s conclusion could mean that his
heart rate was slower’
1 (L6)
(d) any one from
• drinking fizzy water would be a control
• it would enable them to see whether fizziness

or sparkling drinks would have an effect
• it would allow them to see if carbon dioxide

or carbonation has an effect
accept ‘you would know if it was bubbles that had an effect’
‘to see if something else had an effect’ is insufficient
• it would show it was something

else in cola that had an effect
accept ‘using more
or different drinks would give more evidence’
1 (L6)
[4]
Q18.
(a) 3.5
accept answers from 3.4 to 3.6
1 (L5)
Page 55 of 67
(b) It increases the time taken to react.
1 (L5)
(c) small intestine

accept ‘intestine’
do not accept ‘large intestine’
1 (L5)
(d) any one from
• liver
• kidney
• brain
• heart
1 (L5)
(e) any one from
• brain damage
• low birth weight
• premature birth or miscarriage

accept ‘kill the foetus’
make the foetus ill’ is insufficient
• less or not enough oxygen
• less or not enough nutrients

accept ‘not enough food’
• build up of carbon dioxide or CO2 or waste

do not accept ‘the baby gets no oxygen’
do not accept ‘the baby gets no food’
‘less blood to foetus’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
[5]
Q19.
(a) (i) 35
1 (L3)
(ii) 37°C
1 (L4)
(iii) any one from
• less chance of micro-organisms being passed on or spread
• glass could break

accept ‘less chance of germs being passed on’
accept ‘might pass on disease’
Page 56 of 67
accept ‘a child might bite or swallow the thermometer’
• mercury or alcohol or liquid could spill

(if the glass thermometer broke)
• mercury is poisonous
• you could choke

1 (L3)
(b) any one from
• bacteria
• fungi
• protozoa
accept a named non-viral pathogenic
micro-organism such as ‘salmonella’
do not accept names of diseases
do not accept ‘germs’
1 (L4)
• so that alcohol can be seen

accept ‘so you can see it’
• alcohol is difficult to see
• you cannot easily see a colourless liquid

accept ‘you cannot see a colourless liquid’
• to make it easier to read the thermometer

accept ‘so you can read it’
1 (L4)
(ii) • gas

1 (L3)
• liquid
1 (L4)
answers must be in the correct order
[7]
Q20.
(a) (i) • It is flexible.
1 (L3)
• It is strong.
if more than two boxes are ticked, deduct one mark
for each incorrect tick
minimum mark zero
1 (L3)
Page 57 of 67
(ii) It becomes rusty.
1 (L3)
(b) (i) any one from
• it is flammable
accept ‘it is inflammable’ or ‘it catches fire’ or ‘it burns’
• it may explode

accept ‘it explodes’
accept ‘it is reactive or very reactive’
accept ‘it reacts with air or oxygen’
‘it is poisonous’ is insufficient
1 (L4)
(ii) helium
1 (L4)
[5]
Q21.
(a) metal
1 (L3)
any one from
• heat
• thermal energy

1 (L3)
(b) any one from
• nail
accept ‘iron’
• paper-clip
accept ‘steel’ or ‘clip’
1 (L4)
• plastic
accept a named plastic
• rubber
• PVC
1 (L3)
(ii) any one from
• to stop you getting a shock

accept ‘to stop you being electrocuted’
‘to insulate them’ is insufficient as it is
given in the question
accept ‘to make it safe’
Page 58 of 67
• so the wires do not touch
accept ‘to prevent them short circuiting’
accept ‘it does not conduct electricity’
1 (L4)
(d) iron nail and steel paper-clip

1 (L3)
[6]
Q22.
(a) (i) 200 g
1 (L3)
(ii) it decreased
accept ‘it went down’
1 (L3)
(iii) any one from
• the mass stayed the same or constant

‘the graph or line is flat’ is insufficient
• it does not go down on day 7

accept ‘it is the same on day 7’
‘it stays the same’ is insufficient
1 (L4)
(b) any one from
• it is flammable
accept ‘it is inflammable’
‘it explodes’ is insufficient
• it catches fire (easily)

accept ‘it will burn’
‘do not put it near the fire’ is insufficient
accept ‘it is a fire hazard’
1 (L4)
(c) it dissolves
1 (L4)
(d) it evaporated
1 (L4)
[6]
Q23.
Page 59 of 67
(a) (i) • A and C
letters may be in either order
both the letter and the correct explanation
are required for the mark
their amplitudes are the same

accept ‘the waves are the same height’
‘the height of the waves’ is insufficient
accept ‘they are equally tall’
‘they are big or tall’ is insufficient
‘taller waves are louder’ is insufficient
do not accept ‘they are equally long’
1 (L6)
(ii) • B and C

letters may be in either order
both the letter and the correct explanation
are required for the mark
their frequencies are the same

accept ‘the waves are the same distance apart’
‘the distance apart of the waves’ is insufficient
‘the less spaced out the waves,
the higher the pitch’ is insufficient
accept ‘the wave lengths are the same’
‘they are the same length or thickness or width’ is insufficient
accept ‘there are the same number of waves’
1 (L6)
(iii) • its pitch becomes higher

accept ‘the frequency gets higher’
‘it gets higher’ is insufficient
‘it becomes high’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
(b) • any number between 4.5 and 7.5 hours (inclusive)
1 (L5)
(c) any one from
• it vibrates with a greater amplitude

accept ‘it moves more’
• it has larger vibrations

accept ‘burst ear drum’
‘it vibrates harder’ and ‘it vibrates more’
are insufficient responses
do not accept ‘it vibrates faster’
1 (L5)
[5]
Q24.
(a) (i) any one from
Page 60 of 67
• to stop water vapour or steam escaping
accept ‘gas or vapour or particles could escape’
‘to stop water escaping or spilling out’ is insufficient
• to stop lavender oil vapour escaping

accept ‘to stop oil escaping’
accept ‘to make sure the oil goes down the tube’
accept ‘the oil or vapours could not be collected’
‘to stop the smell escaping’ is insufficient
• to reduce heat loss

accept ‘to stop heat loss’ or ‘to keep heat in’
accept ‘to stop the heat escaping’
accept ‘to maintain the pressure’
1 (L5)
(ii) any one from
• it could explode
• it could break

accept ‘the lid might come off’
accept ‘so the pressure does not break the seal’
‘the pressure would be too high’ is insufficient
‘it would get too hot’ is insufficient
1 (L5)
(b) (i) • from gas to liquid

both answers are required for the mark
1 (L5)
(ii) any one from
• it sinks
accept ‘lavender oil floats’
• it is at the bottom

accept ‘the oil is on the top’
‘they are not mixed’ is insufficient
1 (L6)
(c) • B
if more than one letter is identified, award no mark
1 (L6)
[5]
Q25.
(a) any one from
• the placenta provides or passes oxygen or food or gets rid of waste
accept responses that refer to a baby rather than a foetus
• the foetus needs oxygen or food or to remove waste
Page 61 of 67
‘the foetus needs blood from the placenta’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
• as the foetus develops it needs more (food or oxygen from the placenta)
‘it needs or provides more oxygen’ is insufficient as the
meaning is ambiguous
accept, for two marks, ‘the placenta provides more oxygen
or food or waste removal’
accept, for two marks, ‘the foetus needs more oxygen
or food or waste removed as it grows’
a two mark answer must include one of the first two
marking points and a reference to the foetus needing
more food or oxygen from the placenta
1 (L7)
(b) any one from
• the number or mass of red blood cells increases

accept ‘they need (to make) more red blood cells’
‘the mass of blood increases’ is insufficient
• iron is needed for the formation of red blood cells

accept ‘for haemoglobin’
‘the number of blood cells increases’ is insufficient
‘for red blood cells’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
(c) placenta
amniotic fluid
‘umbilical cord’ is insufficient
answers may be in either order
1 (L7)
(d) (i) • windpipe

lungs
mother’s red blood cells
award a mark for ‘windpipe’ and ‘lungs’
in the first places in the correct order
• placenta
umbilical cord
accept ‘umbilical’ or ‘cord’
blood of foetus

accept ‘umbilical cord’ and ‘blood of foetus’ in either order
award a mark for ‘placenta’, ‘umbilical cord’ and ‘blood
of foetus’ in the last three places in an appropriate order
all five answers are required for two marks
2 (L7)
(ii) any one from
• less oxygen passes through the placenta
• less oxygen in the foetus’ blood
Page 62 of 67
accept ‘the foetus’ heart beat rises’
or ‘the foetus’ blood pressure goes up’
• smaller or brain damaged foetus

accept ‘less oxygen in the mother’s blood’
accept ‘less oxygen for the foetus’
do not accept ‘no oxygen’
• baby may be premature

accept responses that refer to a baby rather than a foetus
accept ‘the red blood cells of the foetus will contain carbon
monoxide’
do not accept ‘only carbon monoxide passes through the
placenta’
‘it passes to the foetus’ blood’ is insufficient
‘it poisons the foetus’ is insufficient
1 (L7)
[7]
Q26.
(a) any one from
• goggles
accept ‘safety glasses’
‘glasses’ is insufficient
• hairband
accept ‘hair tied back’
‘lab coat’ is insufficient
‘using tongs’ or ‘a heat-proof mat’ is insufficient
1 (L3)
(b) • 50 seconds

1 (L3)
(c) (i) both the tick and the matching explanation are
required for the mark
• yes
• crisp A was the biggest and it burnt for 80 seconds

accept ‘crisp A burnt for the longest time’
accept ‘the biggest crisp burnt for 80s’
‘crisp A burnt for a long time’ is insufficient
‘crisp D burnt for the shortest time’ is insufficient
or
• no
Page 63 of 67
• crisp B was the smallest and it burnt for longer than crisp D
accept ‘the smallest crisp did not burn for the least time’
accept ‘crisp B did not burn for the shortest time’
accept ‘Joanne’s test was not fair’
accept ‘C and D are the same size but burn for different
times’
1 (L4)
(ii) any one from
• they were not all the same type or make

accept ‘different shapes’
‘the crisps are different sizes’ is insufficient
• two were crinkled crisps

accept ‘the crisps were from a different packet’
‘the crisps were different’ is insufficient
1 (L4)
(d) • false

1 (L4)
• false
1 (L4)
• cannot tell

1 (L4)
if more than one box is ticked in any row, do not award a
mark for that row
[7]
Q27.
(a) (i) •

award two marks for all three lines correct
award one mark for any two lines correct
if more than one line is drawn from any box,
do not credit either line
2 (L4)
(ii) • reactions are slower
Page 64 of 67
accept ‘activity of the brain slows down’
1 (L4)
(b) (i) • placenta

accept ‘umbilical cord’ or ‘cord’
1 (L3)
(ii) • amniotic fluid

accept ‘fluid’
accept ‘uterus’
1 (L4)
(c) (i) • toxic

1 (L3)
• flammable

accept ‘inflammable’
1 (L3)
(ii) any one from
• they can cause brain damage
• it makes you less co-ordinated

accept ‘it makes you dizzy or light-headed’
accept ‘you can hallucinate’
accept ‘they affect the brain or liver’
• fumes stop you breathing or choke you
• they prevent you taking in oxygen
• you could become addicted

accept ‘they damage your lungs’
accept ‘it burns your throat’
accept ‘it is poisonous’ or ‘they can kill you’
‘it damages or harms your body or makes you ill’
are insufficient as they are equivalent to dangerous
‘they are toxic’ is insufficient
‘it contains solvents’ is insufficient
‘they may dissolve chemicals in the body’ is insufficient
1 (L3)
[8]
Q28.
(a) (i) water
accept ‘H2O’
1 (L5)
(ii) carbon dioxide

accept ‘CO2’
1 (L5)
(b) (i) do not use antifreeze or methanol near a naked flame and
Page 65 of 67
do not swallow
accept ‘it catches fire easily and it is poisonous’
accept ‘wash hands after use’ for do not swallow
accept ‘it is flammable or inflammable and it is poisonous’
1 (L5)
(ii) any one from
• water froze
• the mixture froze
• the contents froze

accept ‘10% antifreeze is not enough to stop the water
freezing’
‘not enough antifreeze used’ is insufficient
do not accept ‘it froze’
1 (L6)
and expanded
1 (L6)
[5]
Q29.
(a)

if more than four lines are drawn deduct one mark for each
incorrectly drawn line
minimum mark zero
4 (L3)
(b) they contain too much fat

accept ‘they contain fat’ or ‘they make you fat or overweight’
accept ‘it is an unbalanced diet’ or ‘it could give you a
heart attack’ or it causes heart disease’
1 (L3)
[5]
Q30.
(a) (i) alkaline
1 (L5)
(ii) forms a solution with a pH of about 8.5
Page 66 of 67
1 (L5)
it is not poisonous

1 (L5)
answers may be in either order
accept ‘pH 8.5’ or ‘alkaline’
(b)
nitric sodium

acid nitrate
both complete names are required for the mark

1 (L6)
(c) carbon dioxide

accept ‘CO2’
1 (L6)
[5]
Page 67 of 67

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Q1.

Dilute acids react with many things.

Tick the four boxes by the correct descriptions.

Acids always dissolve glass.

Acids can be burned as fuels.

Acids damage teeth.

Acids react with metals such as magnesium.

Acids turn universal indicator solution blue.

Acids may harm your skin.

Acids react with limestone.

Acids are always poisonous.

What does the taste tell you about vinegar?

Tick the correct box.

If you added some washing soda crystals to vinegar,

(i) What colour is it in lemon juice?

(ii) Complete the sentence below.

called ..............................

Suggest two things he must do to make the experiment a fair test.

The change in the temperature of the water will be greater.

The change in the temperature of the water will be the same.

The change in the temperature of the water will be smaller.

There will be no change in the temperature of the water.

cheese eggs fish oranges

carbon monoxide 3.0

other gases 0.4

Corrosive flammable irritant poison

WARNING! Do not mix with

(a) Use the key to identify plastics A and B.

Give two reasons why burning a plastic is dangerous.

road drill 120

space rocket taking off 190

Jasmine’s balloon bursts.

above 190 decibels

(d) (i) Very loud sounds can damage a person’s ears.

(ii) Some people work in very noisy places.

A first-aider put a bandage over the cut.

(a) A bandage helps to stop a cut getting dirty or infected.

(i) What is the chemical name for ‘potash’ (K2CO3)?

How does this prevent injury to the driver?

(b) Marie also expected carbon dioxide to be formed in this experiment.

(i) In carbon dioxide, what element is combined with carbon?

(b) The label on a bottle of kitchen cleaner says:

It leaves kitchen and bathroom surfaces bright and shiny.

Contains sulphamic acid

Irritating to eyes and skin

Keep out of reach of children

(ii) Which hazard label do you expect to see on the bottle?

(a) He grew bacteria on the surface of jelly in a Petri dish.

At what temperature would the bacteria reproduce quickly?

Tick the correct box.

100°C 4°C

37°C –15°C

(c) What was the control in this experiment?

Predict one consequence of reducing the amount of nicotine in cigarettes

(i) from the torch to the mirror;

Add arrows to the rays to show the direction of the light.

(a) A man lit the fireworks. He wore ear defenders.

(b) A rocket exploded making a loud sound and a bright flash.

chemical electrical heat light sound

gave out ................................... energy.

(e) When the rocket stopped burning it fell to the ground.

sport average energy need for

In the digestive system, starch is broken down into glucose:

He continued to measure his heart rate at regular intervals.