I2C 5 States of Matter

Learning Targets
Language Objective
 I can explain and demonstrate how particles move in a solid, liquid, and gas.
Content Objective
 I can compare and contrast how particles are arranged and move in the different states of matter.

QOD1: Recall from your past experiences - What are the three (or four) states of matter?
What type of energy do you think is needed to change matter from one state to another?
Solid, Liquid, and Gas(plasma). You need heat to change a Solid to a liquid, to a gas. You need cold to turn
a gas, to liquid, to solid.

States of Matter
1. Use the “insert – shapes” tool or your draw tool to add a diagram below showing how you think the
particles would look like for each state of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. The particles will be
represented by simple spheres or circles.

Solid Liquid Gas

Diagram of
particles

States of Matter Notes

1. Use the “insert – shapes” tool to draw a diagram below showing how particles move for each state of
matter: solid, liquid, and gas.
2. Watch your teacher’s demonstration and hand movements on how to remember how the particles
move. THEN, write the sentence from the “Show and Tell” below each diagram describing the motion
of the particles.

Solid Liquid Gas

1. Diagram of
particles
 2. Sentence The particles collide and slide The particles collide frequently
explaining The particles are locked in past each other and move freely and
how particles place, but they vibrate. independently.
will be
moving.

States of Matter and Phase Change Notes:

• Solids have definite shape and volume.

• Liquids have definite volume but not definite shape. Liquids take the shape of their
container.

• Gasses have no definite shape or volume. They take the shape of their container

• Phase changes are caused by the gain or loss of thermal energy (see diagram). This is a
physical change and is reversible.

Phases and Phase Changes:

Fill in the correct terms for each of the phase changes in the diagram below. It might also help
to write down an example to help you remember!
 Deposition

Freezing Melting

condensation Evaporation

Sublimation

As we can see above, the only way to get the states of matter to change is by adding or removing thermal
energy. How does one measure that thermal energy? Let’s take a look!

QOD2: Explain the particle movement when a change is being made from a solid to a
liquid.
It will start at as a tightly packed particle but as thermal energy is added the particles start to move
around faster than before.

Temperature and how it effects phase change.

Think -
In the space below, name as many of the temperature scales we use, that you know of.
Fahrenheit, and Celsius.
Celsius Temperature Scale Notes:
Anders Celsius was born November 21, 1701, in Uppsala Sweden. He died April 26 th, 1744, at the age of 43
Anders was an astronomer as well as a professor at Sweden’s Uppsala University from 1730-1744.

Anders is most famous for his invention of the Celsius temperature scale, also referred to as the centigrade
scale. His scale is based on 0 ° for the freezing point, and 100 ° for the boiling point of water.

While most of the world uses the Celsius temperature scales, the US and a few other smaller countries do not.
We can convert from °F to °C with the following formula: °C = (°F --- 32) / 1.8

Fahrenheit Temperature Scale Notes:

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit was born May 24, 1686, in Gdansk, Poland. He died September 16th, 1736 at the
age of 50. Daniel was a Polish-born Dutch physicist and a maker or inventor of scientific instruments. One
such tool was the alcohol thermometer in 1709.  

Daniel Gabriel is most famous for his invention of the mercury thermometer in 1714 AND developing the
Fahrenheit temperature scale in 1724.

Fahrenheit's scale is based on 32 ° for the freezing point, and 212 ° for the boiling point of water. There are
180-degree intervals between defined points.
While most of the world uses the Celsius temperature scales, the United States and a few other smaller
countries use the Fahrenheit temperature scale.

We can convert from °C to °F with the following formula: °F = (°C * 1.8) + 32

Kelvin Temperature Scale Notes:

Sir William Thomson Baron Kelvin was born June 26, 1824, in Belfast Ireland. He died December 17th, 1907.
Kelvin's contributions included a major role in the development of the second law of thermodynamics when
he developed the absolute temperature scale. This scale measured in Kelvin or K (not °K)
Absolute zero or infinite cold stars at –273.15 °C. This is based on the scale of Celsius, but instead of 0°
being the temperature at which water freezes Kelvin made zero the coldest point possible for any matter! This
scale has been the preferred temperature scale of scientists since 1954.

273.16 K is a triple point of water, at which water exists as a solid, liquid, and gas simultaneously in thermal
equilibrium. We can convert from °C to K with the following formula: K = °C + 273.15

How do can we convert from one scale to another?

Converting Temperature
Converting Temperature Exact Formula
Converting from °C to °F (°C * 1.8) + 32 = °F
Converting from °F to °C (°F - 32) / 1.8 = °C
Converting from °C to K °C + 273.15 = K

Using the formulas, convert the following temperatures into the other units & show your work!
Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin
53.6° 12° 285.15
98° 36.67° 309.82
0° -17.78° 255.37

Reflection Questions: Please answer using complete sentences and/or remember

to show all your work to get full credit.
1. What happens to fluids (liquid or air) when they heat up? How does this affect their
density?
Their particles start to move quickly, or quicker than before.

2. Two students decide to go outside to play basketball on a nice day in January. While
the sun IS out, it is still cold. They pick up their basketball and notice it is flat and will
not bounce. Undeterred by this, they decide to pump some air into the basketball and
play their game. When finished, they kick the ball back to the side and go back inside.
Months pass, as do the seasons. Now it is June, and the weather is getting warmer by
the day. The students decide again, to play basketball, however when the go to pick
up their ball to play, the ball is popped. What happened and why?
Since they left their ball out during the seasons including the warm seasons, the
particles in the ball got too excited and the ball wasn’t enough to hold them in so
the ball popped.
3. You’re packing to go on a weekend camping trip and look up the weather forecast. It’s
supposed to be a low of -4° C and a high of 12° C.

What temperatures are these in Fahrenheit? Show your work.

-4° C 12° C
°F = (°C * 1.8) + °F = (°C * 1.8) +
32 32
°F = (-4°C * 1.8) °F = (12°C * 1.8)
+ 32 + 32
°F = 24.8°F °F = 53.6°F

Based on this forecast, what are you going to bring on your camping trip, and why?
(Assume you are dressing appropriately for this temperature)
I’m going to bring some jackets, long sleeve clothes, and trousers because the
temperature would be freezing and cold.