POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

4. SYMMETRICAL COMPONENETS AND SEQUENCE

NETWORKS
PART-A
LONG QEUTIONS:

1. What are symmetrical components? Explain the symmetrical component

transformation. ****** ******
2. Derive the expression for power in terms of symmetrical components. ******
3. What is meant by sequence impedance? Explain the sequence network of an unloaded
generator********
4. Explain the zero sequence networks of transformers with diagrams. ********
5. What are sequence impedances? Obtain expression for sequence impedances in a
balanced static 3- phase circuit.
6. Explain the sequence networks for a synchronous generator.

PROBLEMS:

1 A balanced 200 V, 3 phase supply feeds balanced resistive load as shown in figure if
the resistance Rbc is disconnected. Determine Ia, Ib and Ic and symmetrical
components of Ia, Ib and Ic

2 Obtain the symmetrical components of the following set of unbalanced currents

IR =1.600, IY=1.00 and IB=0.920 Also find out the neutral current

3 Determine the symmetrical components for the three phase currents. IR =1500,
IY=1500 and IB=1500**********
4 The line voltages across a three phase, wye-connected load,consisting
of a 10 ohm resistance in each phase are unbalanced such that Vab =
11320 V, Vbc = 25200 V and Vca = 1951220 V.Determine the sequence
phase voltages. Then find the voltages across the 10 Ohm resistances
and calculate line currents.
5 Determine the symmetrical components for the three phase currents.
IR= 1500 A, IY= 152300 A and IB= 151300 A
1. A positive, negative and zero sequence components of line currents are
20100 A, 6600 A and 3300 A respectively. Determine the three line
currents, assume (i) phase sequence abc and (ii) phase sequence acb.
2. A 20 MVA, 6.6 kV star connected generator has positive, negative and zero sequence
reactance’s of 30 %, 25 % and 7% respectively. A reactor with 5% reactance based on
the rating of the generator is placed in the neutral to ground connection. A line to line
fault occurs at the terminals of the generator when it is operating at rated voltage. Find
the initial symmetrical line to ground r.m.s fault current. Also find the line to line
voltage.

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 POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS

4. (B) UNSYMMETRICAL FAULT ANALYSIS

PART-B

1) What are the various types of faults? Discuss their frequency of occurrence and
severity?
2) What are the different unsymmetrical faults and compare their characteristics******
3) Derive an expression for fault current for a LLL fault on an unloaded generator***

4) Derive an expression for fault current in Line to ground fault. Also draw sequence
network connections. ****************** **************
5) Derive the expression for the fault current and terminal voltage for a line to line fault
occurs at the terminal of an unloaded 3-phase alternator. Assume that the alternator has
an isolated neutral. ********** **************
6) Find the fault current when an L-L-G fault occurs at the terminals of an unloaded
generator. ****************** *********************

PROBLEMS:

1. A 30 MVA, 3ϕ alternator, having its neutral solidly grounded is operating at no load,

its voltage being 13.2 kV between lines. It has a reactance to positive sequence currents
of 3Ω, the reactance’s to negative and zero sequences currents are 90% and 40% of the
positive sequence value respectively. For a double line to ground fault, determine i)
the currents in the faulty lines, ii) the current through ground and iii) the voltage of
healthy phase to neutral
2. A generator rated 120MVA, 11kV has X1 = X2 = 30% and X0 = 15%. Its neutral is
grounded through a reactance of 0.1W. The generator is operating at rated voltage, load
is disconnected from the system when double line to ground fault occurs at its
terminals. Find the sub-transient current in the faulted phases and line to line fault
current.
3. A 125 MVA, 22 kV turbo generator having Xd” = X1 = X2 = 22 % and X0 = 6% has a
current limiting reactor of 0.16 Ohm in the neutral, while it is operating on no-load at
rated voltage a double line to ground fault occurs on two phases. Find the initial
symmetrical rms fault current to the ground.
4. A generator of negligible resistance having 1.0 p.u voltage behind transient reactance
is subjected to different types of faults. The p.u values of the magnitudes of the fault
currents are 3 phase fault-3.33 p.u., line to line fault-2.23 p.u and line to ground fault-
3.01 p.u. find the percentage values of sequence reactances.
5. A three phase, 6.9 kVA, 10 MVA alternator has X” = X2 = 15 % and X0 = 5%. The
neutral is grounded through a reactor of 0.381 Ohms. Find the sub transient current in
the faulted phase, when a single line to ground fault takes place.

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