Interacciones entre plantas y

microbios del suelo

1. Interacciones positivas
- Simbiosis
- PGPRs (bacterias promotoras del crecimiento en
plantas)
- Degradadores de materia organica
- Endofitos

2. Interacciones neutrales
- No hay un efecto claro en el crecimiento/salud de la
planta.

3. Interacciones negativas.
- Patogenos
- Competidores por nutrientes.
 Rhizospheric Chemical Warfare
Positive Interactions

PGPRs; Symbionts

Biocontrol, VAM, endophytes

ROO
Growth facilitators

T
ROOT

Vectors for symbioses, SARs

Negative Interactions
Antibacterial compounds, QS mimics

Type-III
Phytotoxins
Antifungal compounds

Phytotoxins

ROO
Allelopathy
Root herbivory
Nematicidal compounds

T
Root herbivory
Interacciones entre leguminosas y
Rhizobia
 Fijación simbiótica de nitrógeno
Promedio de N2 N2 atmosférico Costo equivalente a la
Especies fijado ha-1 por captado por la planta producción químicaa
temporada (kg) (%) de N2 (US $/Ha)
Leguminosas forraje
Trifolium pratense 170 59 119.00
Lotus corniculatus 92 55 64.40
Medicago sativa 180 70 126.00
Vicia sativa 130 70 91.00
Trifolium repens 172 75 120.40
Desmodium sp 200 85 140.00
Leguminosas alimento
Pisum sativum 72 35 50.40
Glycine max 120 53 84.00
Arachis hypogea 114 57 79.80
Phaseolus vulgaris 65 40 45.50
Vigna angularis 80 70 56.00
Vicia faba 151 80 105.70
Lupinus angustifolius 170 65 119.00
Lens culinaris 100 63 70.00

aCosto estimado, $ 0.70 kg-1

Very early events in the Rhizobium-legume
symbiosis

rhizosphere

Sinorhizobium meliloti
flavonoids

Sinorhizobium fredii
5
Interaction between Legume Plants and
Rhizobium
Rhizobium

Attract Nod

NodA C
Plant factor B
(Flavonoid)

Nod factor

Nodulation Start
Root Hair
Cell Division
Cell Differentiation

Host Legume
Los nematodos se alimentan de Rhizobium y
favorecen la nodulacion

1 2

Phase Fluorescence
1 Wild type 1’

pHC60 x20
2 Srf-3 2’

x10
Horiuchi et al. 2005
Metodo Experimental

Rhizobium

M. truncatula

nematodes
 Fijación asimbiótica de nitrógeno

Período de Nitrógeno fijado mg

Microorganismo Condiciones incubación (días) de N/ml

Azotobacter vinelandii Aerobicas 3 1,050

Cylindrospermum cylindrica Aerobicas, con luz 55 52

Klebsiella pneumoniae Anaerobicas 2 60

Clostridium butyricum Anaerobicas 10 136

Chlorobium sp Anaerobicas, con luz 5 20

Rhodospirillum sp Anaerobicas, con luz 10 76

Fijación de nitrógeno molecular en medio de cultivo

Alexander, 1980
Micorriza
 Micorriza

endo ecto
 Mycorrhyzae Effects on Roots
• N and P deficiencies lead to:
– decreased biomass, smaller root systems and decrease water uptake
• AMF can add to nutrients without affecting NEB
• Inoculating the seeds with the strain Glomus clarum
– Increase drought resistance
– Nutrient uptake and availability (Yamato 2009)
– AMF increasing the nutrient P to Switchgrass
• Glomus clarum colonizers of native grass species (Zobel 2005).
– Biodiversity is also expected to increase the persistence of mycorrhysal communities
(Vogelsang 2009).
• Increase resistance against disease
– All three grass species as well the leguminous species are native to the region
– Persistence and accumulation of AMF will be evaluated through a phylogenetic analysis of the
inoculated fungi Glomus clarum and the accumulation of new myccorhizal communities in the
rhyzosphere (Brejda 1998).
• Community structures of these microflora will greatly determine growth and
performance (Yamato 2009)
– Important role to NEB because of the heavily reliance for nutrient uptake and drought and
pest resistance.
Endofitos
 Nutrient Cycling: Decomposition
1 • Decomposition
mobilizes sparse
nutrients.
• Turnover rate of OM
is typically faster in
2 lowland tropical
5
forests.
3
• Microbial biomass
important in nutrient
4 retention/mobilization
.
Patogenos