MAILA ROSARIO COLLEGE

SHAIKA JANE D. MORALES LEVEL II – CRIMINOLOGY STUDENT

1. Moral Turpitude – it does not have one specific definition that lends itself to easy
and ready application, it has been defined as an act of baseness, vileness, or the
depravity in the performance of private and social duties that man owes to his fellow
man or to society in general.
2. Mentally Incompetent – inability of a person to make or carry out important
decisions regarding his or her affairs. An individual is defined as mentally
incompetent if h/she is manifestly psychotic or otherwise of unsound mind, either
consistently or sporadically, by reason of mental defect. In a court setting, when an
individual is declared mentally incompetent, they may not be allowed to stand trial. 
3. Fraud – in law, fraud is intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to
deprive a victim of a legal right. Fraud can violate civil law or criminal law, or it may
cause no loss of money, property, or legal right but still be an element of another civil
or criminal wrong. The purpose of fraud may be monetary gain or other benefits, for
example by obtaining a passport, travel document, or driver's license, or mortgage
fraud, where the perpetrator may attempt to qualify for a mortgage by way of false
statements.
4. Consanguinity – it is the characteristic of having a kinship with another person.
Many jurisdictions have laws prohibiting people who are related by blood from
marrying or having sexual relations with each other. The degree of consanguinity that
gives rise to this prohibition varies from place to place. Such rules are also used to
determine heirs of an estate according to statutes that govern intestate succession,
which also vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. In some places and time periods,
cousin marriage is allowed or even encouraged; in others, it is taboo, and considered
to be incest.
5. Merger – the combination or fusion of one thing or right into another thing or right of
greater or larger importance so that the lesser thing or right loses its individuality and
becomes identified with the greater whole. In contract law, agreements are merged
when one contract is absorbed into another.
6. Prima Facie – it is used to describe the apparent nature of something upon initial
observation. In legal practice, the term generally is used to describe two things: the
presentation of sufficient evidence by a civil claimant to support the legal claim (a
prima facie case), or a piece of evidence itself (prima facie evidence).
7. PADPAO – Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency Operators; is
an aggregation of private security agencies (PSA) nationwide with about 1,800 PSAs
with an estimated personnel strength of 230,000 security personnel. PADPAO is a
self- governing, self- regulatory and self-policing organization.
8. VAT – Value Added Tax; known in some countries as a goods and services tax
(GST), is a type of tax that is assessed incrementally. It is levied on the price of a
product or service at each stage of production, distribution, or sale to the end
consumer.
 MAILA ROSARIO COLLEGE

SHAIKA JANE D. MORALES LEVEL II – CRIMINOLOGY STUDENT

9. Jurisdiction – it is the legal term for the authority granted to a legal entity to enact
justice. Colloquially it is used to refer to the geographical area. In federations like the
United States, areas of jurisdiction apply to local, state, and federal levels.
10. Conspicuous – it means clearly visible or obvious to the eye or mind. It can be
something attracting a person’s attention. A contract clause is conspicuous when it is
written so that a reasonable person against whom it is to operate should have noticed
it. Under the Uniform Commercial Code of many states, a term in a contract is
conspicuous if it is presented in a manner “that a reasonable person against which it is
to operate ought to have noticed it.” 
11. ROTC – Reserve Officers’ Training Corps; a training programme for university
students, graduates of which become commissioned officers in one of the armed
forces.
12. Standard Operating Procedure – it is a set of step-by-step instructions compiled by
an organization to help workers carry out routine operations. SOPs aim to achieve
efficiency, quality output and uniformity of performance, while reducing
miscommunication and failure to comply with industry regulations.
13. Sworn Statement – it is a legal document that contains facts that are relevant to a
court case. Sworn statements are different from affidavits, in that sworn statements
are not usually signed or certified by a notary public.
14. Ammunition – it is the material fired, scattered, dropped or detonated from any
weapon or weapon system. Ammunition is both expendable weapons (e.g., bombs,
missiles, grenades, land mines) and the component parts of other weapons that create
the effect on a target (e.g., bullets and warheads).
15. Security Guard Creed – it is every security guards fundamental duty to protect lives.
Duty to protect property. Maintain order within the proximity of the place of duty.
Protect the interests of the employer.
16. Security Agency – it is a governmental organization that conducts intelligence
activities for the internal security of a nation. They are the domestic cousins of foreign
intelligence agencies, and typically conduct counterintelligence to thwart other
countries' foreign intelligence efforts. 
17. Pre-Licensing Training Programs – this program was created to provide new
drivers the information they need to drive safely. All new drivers in the state must
complete the course before they can schedule the behind-the-wheel road test for their
driver license.
18. Memorandum of Agreement – it is also known as a memorandum of understanding,
is a formal business document used to outline an agreement made between two
separate entities, groups or individuals. A MOA usually precedes a more detailed
contract or agreement between the parties.
19. AFP (Armed Forces of the Philippines) – these are the military forces of the
Philippines. It consists of three main service branches; the Army, the Air Force, and
the Navy. The President of the Philippines is the Commander-in-Chief of the AFP and
forms military policy with the Department of National Defense, an executive
 MAILA ROSARIO COLLEGE

SHAIKA JANE D. MORALES LEVEL II – CRIMINOLOGY STUDENT

department acting as the principal organ by which military policy is carried out, while
the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines serves as the overall
commander and the highest-ranking officer in the AFP. The Philippine Coast Guard
also serves as an attached service of the AFP in wartime. Military service is entirely
voluntary.
20. Law Enforcers – it is a body of government employees trained in methods of law
enforcement and crime prevention & detection; and authorized to maintain the peace,
safety, and order of the community.