Simulated Exam

QUESTIONS ARE DISTRIBUTED BY TOPIC

APPROXIMATELY PROPORTIONAL TO THAT
INDICATED IN THE CSSBB BODY OF KNOWLEDGE.
(The CSSBB exam allows four hours for 150 questions.)
1. A frequent cause of system suboptimization is:
A. optimizing individual processes.
B. failing to draw a system flowchart.
C. using data with outliers.
D. failing to consider the normal distribution.
2. Dr. W. Edwards Deming:
A. lectured in Japan after World War II.
B. was an author of several books in the U.S.
C. lectured widely in the U.S.
D. is considered an expert in the quality field.
E. all of the above.
F. none of the above.
3. Successful Six Sigma projects always:
A. use designed experiments.
B. impact the bottom line of the enterprise.
C. are completed in a short time frame.
D. all of the above.
E. none of the above.

1
2 Simulated Exam

4. Proposed Six Sigma projects that are not in some way linked to organizational
goals:
A. will typically be short term.
B. use statistical inference.
C. have a high risk of failure.
D. should not be approved.
E. none of the above.
5. Digression as a team behavior refers to discussion that:
A. has little participation.
B. lacks inputs from stakeholders.
C. moves away from the agenda.
D. spends time on less-important issues.
6. A project whose definition does not include performance metrics:
A. will typically be short term.
B. uses statistical inference.
C. has a high risk of failure.
D. should not be approved.
E. none of the above.
7. An important first step in determining the VOC is:
A. establishing viable or comprehensive process feedback loops.
B. ascertaining the principles that are values of the corporation.
C. identifying the customer.
D. measuring the virtual operating continuum potential.
E. all of the above.
F. none of the above.
8. Quality function deployment is a tool to aid in:
A. analyzing non-paired data.
B. determining if quality procedures are being followed on the shop floor.
C. ascertaining which processes are functioning correctly.
D. linking customer requirements to product features.
E. all of the above.
F. none of the above.
 Simulated Exam 3

9. A process produced 1394 units. During this time 100 defects were detected. The
rolled throughput yield (RTY) is approximately:
A. 0.931.
B. 0.928.
C. 0.962.
D. 0.866.
10. The χ2 distribution is:
A. symmetric.
B. left skewed.
C. right skewed.
D. normal.
E. uniform.
11. The mean of a Poisson distribution is 2.94. Its standard deviation is:
A. not enough information is given.
B. 1.71.
C. 8.64.
D. 74.7.
E. 1.31.
12. Calculate the estimated variance of the population from which the following
values have been randomly selected: 2.8, 2.7, 2.6, 2.9, 2.8, 2.8, 2.8.
A. 0.095
B. 0.009
C. 0.088
D. 0.008
13. An advantage of using standard deviation rather than range for measuring
dispersion of a large sample is that:
A. standard deviation has a simpler formula.
B. calculators have a standard deviation key but not a range key.
C. standard deviation uses information from each measurement.
D. range calculations are not normally distributed.
4 Simulated Exam

14. Data are collected in xy pairs, and a scatter diagram shows that the points are
grouped very close to a straight line that tips down on its right-hand end at about
a 45° angle. A reasonable value for the coefficient of correlation is:
A. 0.8.
B. 0.
C. –0.9.
D. 1.
E. 1.3.
15. A team with members from the sales, purchasing, finance, design,
manufacturing, and shipping departments is called a ______________ team.
A. virtual
B. self-directed
C. cross-functional
D. none of the above
16. Approximately what percentage of the data values are smaller than the mean?
A. 25%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. It varies from 0% to 99+% inclusive
17. A normal probability plot is used to:
A. determine whether the distribution is normal.
B. plot z-values.
C. determine process capability.
D. find percent out of specification.
18. Lean manufacturing tends to stress:
A. making value-added activities more efficient.
B. eliminating, simplifying, or reducing non-value-added activities.
19. Work performed by the payroll department is considered value-added activity.
A. True
B. False
 Simulated Exam 5

20. In the theory of constraints, the “subordinate” step refers to:

A. a listing of subprocesses.
B. reducing the rate for some processes.
C. the portion of the process flowchart that depends on the main flow.
D. the less important product or service stream.
E. none of the above.
21. A team wants a technique for displaying the connection between various
customer needs and various features on a product. They should use:
A. written and diagrammed work instructions.
B. flowcharts and process maps.
C. cause-and-effect diagrams.
D. Pareto chart.
E. relationship matrix.
22. A team wants a technique for obtaining a large number of possible reasons for
excess variation in a dimension. They should use:
A. written and diagrammed work instructions.
B. flowcharts and process map.
C. cause-and-effect diagram.
D. Pareto chart.
E. relationship matrix.
Use the following for questions 23–26.
The average yield from a small batch process has been 83%. A new catalyst is
available that is designed to increase average yield by at least 5 percentage points.
A sample of 45 batches is run with the new catalyst. The average yield of this sample
is 90% and the standard deviation of the sample yields is 2.8%. A hypothesis test
with α = 0.05 will be used to determine whether the sample data indicate that the new
catalyst does increase the average yield by at least 5 percentage points.
23. This will be a:
A. left-tailed test.
B. right-tailed test.
C. two-tailed test.
6 Simulated Exam

24. The critical value(s) is/are:

A. 1.645.
B. 1.96.
C. ±1.645.
D. ±1.96.
25. The test statistic is approximately:
A. 1.25.
B. –1.57.
C. 0.41.
D. –1.25.
26. The null hypothesis should be:
A. rejected.
B. not rejected.
C. accepted.
27. The word “takt” is closest to the theory of constraints word:
A. drum.
B. buffer.
C. rope.
D. constraint.
28. The team development stage characterized by expression of individual opinions
and ideas, often without regard for team objectives, is known as:
A. performing.
B. norming.
C. conflicting.
D. storming.
E. brainstorming.
29. Nominal group technique is used to:
A. help a group reach consensus.
B. generate a group of new ideas.
C. provide a consistent, stable group leadership.
D. provide a name for the group.
 Simulated Exam 7

30. A Six Sigma project designed to solve a particular problem needs a definition/
scope statement to help avoid:
A. going beyond the problem into other problems.
B. failing to cover the entire problem.
C. misunderstanding and disagreement between team members regarding
problem boundaries.
D. all of the above.
E. none of the above.
31. An example of a project metric would be:
A. the decrease in defect occurrence.
B. the decrease in product cost.
C. the decrease in cycle time.
D. all the above.
32. SMED is an acronym for activity that:
A. involves housekeeping in the work area.
B. makes mistakes of a certain type impossible.
C. emphasizes the pull of the customer.
D. reduces setup time.
E. none of the above.
F. all of the above.
33. A correct statement about the relationship between the terms “parameter” and
“statistic” is:
A. a population statistic is more accurate than a parameter.
B. a sample parameter is used to estimate a statistic.
C. a sample statistic is used to estimate a population parameter.
D. standard deviation calculations require both statistics and parameters.
34. A and B are events. P(A) = 0.80 and P(B) = 0.90.
A. Events A and B are disjoint or mutually exclusive.
B. Events A and B are not disjoint or mutually exclusive.
C. P(A ∩ B) = 0.
D. P(A ∩ B) = 1.7.
8 Simulated Exam

35. Find the mean, median, and mode of the following data set:
9, 11, 12, 12, 14, 18, 18, 18, 20, 23.
A. 15.5, 18, 18
B. 15, 14, 18
C. 14, 16, 18
D. 15, 12, 18
E. 15.5, 16, 18
36. The diameters of 50 randomly selected shafts have a mean of 1.525 and standard
deviation of 0.006. Find the 95% lower confidence limit for the population mean.
A. 1.523
B. 1.524
C. 1.525
D. 1.526
E. 1.527
37. In a certain sampling situation, α = 0, β = 0.08. The power of the sampling plan in
this case is:
A. 0.
B. 0.08.
C. 1.00.
D. 0.92.
38. A newspaper article describes a high positive correlation between obesity and
orange juice consumption among six-year-olds. Parents who then restrict the use
of orange juice for their children have:
A. made a type I error.
B. made a type II error.
C. misunderstood margin of error.
D. confused correlation with causation.
39. A principal advantage of fractional factorial experimental designs is:
A. reduced cost.
B. improved accuracy.
C. increased confounding.
D. higher confidence level.
E. reduced probability of type II errors.
 Simulated Exam 9

40. A principal disadvantage of fractional factorial experimental designs is:

A. reduced cost.
B. improved accuracy.
C. confounding of effects.
D. higher confidence level.
E. reduced probability of type II errors.
41. In an experimental design context, replication refers to:
A. duplicating experimental results at another location.
B. repeating an experiment more than once for a given set of predictor variables.
C. obtaining different results from different factors.
D. repeating an experiment but using at least one different factor level.
42. Find the upper control limit for a range chart if n = 4 and the average range is
2.282.
A. 2.282
B. 4.564
C. 5.208
D. 3.423
43. An X control chart has been established with control limits of 3.245 and 3.257,
n = 5. An engineer collects the following sample and plots the average on the
control chart:
3.257, 3,256, 3.258, 3.259.
A. The process is out of control.
B. The process is not out of control.
C. The engineer misused the control chart.
D. The control limits are incorrect.
44. The balanced scorecard lists four perspectives. They are:
A. financial, customer, stakeholder, regulators.
B. process, internal stakeholders, external stakeholders, regulators.
C. efficiency, waste, financial, social.
D. throughput, delivery, cost, quality.
E. none of the above.
10 Simulated Exam

45. A robust design is one that:

A. has high reliability.
B. has low maintenance frequency.
C. is simple to manufacture.
D. is resistant to varying environmental conditions.
46. A team has completed a brainstorming session that has generated a large
number of ideas. The team needs to organize these ideas in natural groupings.
Which tool is most appropriate?
A. Matrix diagram
B. Cause-and-effect diagram
C. Process decision program chart
D. Affinity diagram
E. Activity network diagram
F. Tree diagram
G. Prioritization matrix
H. Interrelationship digraph
47. A team has been asked to reduce the occurrence of a particular defect. They
begin by brainstorming all possible causes using a:
A. matrix diagram.
B. cause-and-effect diagram.
C. process decision program chart.
D. affinity diagram.
E. activity network diagram.
F. tree diagram.
G. prioritization matrix.
H. interrelationship digraph.
 Simulated Exam 11

48. A team wants to make a schedule for a project showing which tasks must be
done sequentially and which may be done simultaneously. Which tool is most
appropriate?
A. Matrix diagram
B. Cause-and-effect diagram
C. Process decision program chart
D. Affinity diagram
E. Activity network diagram
F. Tree diagram
G. Prioritization matrix
H. Interrelationship digraph
49. Three spacers are mounted on a shaft
as indicated on the sketch. Their width
dimensions and standard deviations are
shown below:
Dimension Tolerance σ X Y Z

X 1.000 ± 0.006 0.002 W

Y 1.500 ± 0.008 0.0027

Z 1.600 ± 0.009 0.003
Each dimension is normally distributed. Use statistical tolerancing to calculate
the limit dimensions for dimension W.
A. 4.113–4.087
B. 4.123–4.077
C. 4.1077–4.0923
50. An experiment is conducted by checking the effect that three different pressures
have on the surface appearance of a product. Ten items are produced at each of
the three pressures. The number of replications, factors, and levels are:
A. 10, 3, 2.
B. 10, 2, 3.
C. 2, 3, 3.
D. 10, 1, 3.
E. 10, 3, 1.
12 Simulated Exam

51. A full factorial experiment has three factors. Each factor has two levels. The
number of test combinations or runs is:
A. 9.
B. 8.
C. 27.
D. 36.
E. 6.
Use the following for questions 52–54.
A product specification or tolerance is 180–200.
A sample of 100 parts has an average of 188 and standard deviation of 6. Assume the
population is normally distributed.
52. What percentage of the population falls below the lower specification limits?
A. 9.18%
B. 22.66%
C. 6.68%
D. 1.83%
53. Find Cp.
A. 2.00
B. 0.56
C. 1.33
D. 0.44
54. Find Cpk.
A. 2.00
B. 0.56
C. 1.33
D. 0.44
Use the following for questions 55 and 56.
The following data have been collected. Find the least squares regression equation of
the type y = mx + b or y = b0 + b1x:
x  6  8  10
y  1  3   4
 Simulated Exam 13

55. Find the value of m or b1.

A. 0.25
B. 0.63
C. 0.75
D. 1.22
56. Find the value of b or b0.
A. 3.33
B. –3.33
C. 4.08
D. –4.08
E. 1.24
F. –1.24
Use the following for questions 57–58.

A B Res.
1 – – 20
2 – + 30
3 + – 40
4 + + 50

57. Calculate the main effect of factor A.

A. 20
B. 25
C. 30
D. 40
E. None of the above
58. Calculate the interaction effect.
A. 20
B. 25
C. 30
D. 40
E. None of the above
14 Simulated Exam

59. During a downturn in the housing market, a manufacturer of HVAC equipment

noted that although sales were down, their market share had increased. This is
considered a good sign because:
A. market share determines profit.
B. lower sales means lower taxes.
C. stock price follows tax policy.
D. when the housing market grows, their sales will drop further.
E. when the housing market grows, their sales will increase more than they
would have otherwise.
60. A control chart will be used to monitor the number of scratches on a product.
The following data have been collected:

Number of scratches 6 5 7 5 6
Sample size 120 110 111 128 110

The appropriate control chart to use is:

A. X and R.
~
B. X.
C. XmR.
D.
p.
E.
np.
F.
u.
G.
c.
61. The temperature in a storage location is logged once every 30 minutes. The
control chart that is appropriate for displaying these values is:
A. X and R.
~
B. X.
C. XmR.
D.
p.
E.
np.
F.
u.
G.
c.
 Simulated Exam 15

62. A control chart is to be used to display the number of nonconducting diodes.

Each point on the chart represents the number of bad diodes in a box of 1000.
The appropriate control chart to use is:
A. X and R.
~
B. X.
C. XmR.
D.
p.
E.
np.
F.
u.
G.
c.
Use the following for questions 63–69.
A team is asked to determine whether printer #2 prints typical company documents
faster than printer #1. The team decides to use the paired t hypothesis test. They select
eight documents and print each on each printer, assuming that the differences are
normally distributed. The results:

Time required, seconds

Document #
Printer #1 Printer #2
1 4.2 3.9
2 5.6 5.5
3 2.8 2.9
4 7.1 6.7
5 11.5 11.0
6 8.2 8.1
7 12.3 11.8
8 13.5 13.0

–
63 Find the average difference d .
A. 0.2875
B. 0.3502
C. 0.2714
D. 0.2295
16 Simulated Exam

64. Find sd.

A. 0.2875
B. 0.3502
C. 0.2714
D. 0.2295
65. Is this a left-tailed, right-tailed, or two-tailed test?
A. No
B. Left-tailed
C. Right-tailed
D. Two-tailed
66. If α = 0.05, what is the critical value?
A. 2.365
B. 2.306
C. 1.860
D. 1.895
67. What is the value of the test statistic?
A. 0.898
B. 1.251
C. 0.429
D. 3.54
E. None of the above
68. If the value of the test statistic had been 0.185, what action should have been
taken regarding the null hypothesis?
A. Rejected
B. Accepted
C. None of the above
D. All of the above
69. If the value of the test statistic had been 7.03, what action should have been taken
regarding the null hypothesis?
A. Rejected
B. Accepted
C. Not rejected
D. None of the above
 Simulated Exam 17

Use the following for questions 70–71.

Here is an experimental design with results:

A B C Responses
1 – – + 10 11 10
2 – + – 22 20 23
3 + + + 34 36 37
4 + – – 26 25 25

70. This experimental design is:

A. full factorial.
B. half factorial.
C. quarter factorial.
D. none of the above.
71. An indication of the experimental error is available because the design has:
A. multiple replications.
B. multiple levels.
C. multiple factors.
72. A business venture will pay your organization $700,000 at the end of 15 months.
Find the present value (PV) assuming 9% interest.
A. $779,617
B. $669,517
C. $658,515
D. $628,514
73. The average number of defects is 21.6. Find the upper control limit for the c-chart.
A. 26.4
B. 24.6
C. 18.8
D. 26.2
E. None of the above
18 Simulated Exam

74. An X and R chart is used to monitor a process. One week ago a new type of
raw material was introduced, and since that time 60 points have been plotted on
the X chart. All are in the middle third of the chart. The corresponding 60 points
on the R chart are all below the average range. This indicates that:
A. the operator has been plotting the points incorrectly.
B. it is time to recalibrate the gage used.
C. it is time to recalculate the control limits.
D. the material manager should be asked to go back to the previous raw material
so the charts will more accurately reflect the process.
75. Here is a partial ANOVA table. Use α = 0.05.

Source SS df MS FStatistic FCritical

A 1200 6 x y z
B 900 6
A×B 180 3
Error 100 10

The values of x, y, and z should be:

A. 200, 20, 3.22.
B. 12, 1.2, 4.06.
C. 200, 20, 4.06.
D. none of the above.
76. In gage R&R studies, repeatability refers to:
A. the variation in measurements obtained when one measurement device is
used several times by the same person.
B. the variation in measurements obtained by different people using the same
measurement device.
C. the variation in measurements obtained when different devices are used
several times by the same person.
D. the variation in measurements obtained when different devices are used
several times by different people.
 Simulated Exam 19

77. In what stage of team development does a team accomplish its mission?
A. Performing
B. Storming
C. Adjourning
D. Forming
78. The hoshin kanri X-matrix is used primarily for:
A. design of experiments.
B. sampling plan determination.
C. risk analysis.
D. strategic planning and deployment.
79. An example of an internal stakeholder is:
A. a vendor who delivers material to our assembly line.
B. a consultant hired to work on internal communication.
C. an agent from the IRS.
D. none of the above.
80. Portfolio analysis refers to:
A. study of the estate holdings.
B. study of the assets and liabilities associated with a Six Sigma project.
C. study of personnel attributes for possible training needs.
D. none of the above.
81. Standard team growth stages include:
A. performing.
B. learning.
C. cooperating.
D. improving.
E. all of the above.
20 Simulated Exam

Use the following diagram for questions 82 and 83.

Key:
Strong Customer requirements
Moderate
Weak

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1
Technical features

82. This is an example of part of a(n):

A. cause-and-effect diagram.
B. activity network diagram.
C. interrelationship diagram.
D. affinity diagram.
E. none of the above.
83. Customer requirement #3 has a relationship with technical feature #1.
A. strong
B. moderate
C. weak
 Simulated Exam 21

84. An instrument for collecting customer data should be reviewed for validity and
reliability. Reliability refers to:
A. the extent to which an instrument measures what it intends to measure.
B. the statistical methods used to analyze the data.
C. the extent to which the results agree with the data collected in other ways.
D. the appropriateness of the reading difficulty for the intended audience.
E. the extent to which the results are consistent across repeated measurements.
85. Data collected from a process shows the following:
Number of defectives: 8, 4, 6, 3, 9, 7, 8, 5, 7, 7, 9.
Sample size: 110, 115, 109, 111, 112, 120, 118, 115, 109, 111, 112.
What control chart should be used?
A. X and R
B. ImR (individuals and moving range)
C.
p
D.
np
E.
c
F.
u
86. Based on the data in problem 85, the control limits should be:
A. 3.1 and 12.2.
B. 4.4 and 13.6.
C. 0 and 15.3.
D. 0 and 21.8.
E. none of the above.
87. Data collected from a process show the following:
Number of defectives: 8, 4, 6, 3, 9, 7, 8, 5, 7, 7, 9.
Sample size: 110, 110, 110, 110, 110, 110, 110, 110, 110, 110, 110.
What control chart should be used?
A. X and R
B. ImR (individuals and moving range)
C.
p
D.
np
E.
c
F.
u
22 Simulated Exam

88. Based on the data in problem 87, the upper control limit should be:
A. 0.77.
B. 0.06.
C. 0.25.
D. 12.
E. none of the above.
Use the following data for problems 89–93:
A sample randomly selected from a population shows the following:
5, 1, 7, 9, 2, 4, 5, 6, 3, 7, 4, 6, 9, 2, 1, 1, 6, 1.
89. The mean of the data set is approximately:
A. 4.3889.
B. 3.9655.
C. 5.0185.
D. 4.5000.
90. The median of the data set is approximately:
A. 4.8125.
B. 3.9655.
C. 1.0000.
D. 4.5000.
91. The mode of the data set is approximately:
A. 4.8125.
B. 3.9655.
C. 1.0000.
D. 4.5000.
92. The variance of the population from which these numbers were drawn is
approximately:
A. 3.72.
B. 2.703.
C. 6.785.
D. 7.310.
 Simulated Exam 23

93. The range of the data set is:

A. 2.
B. 4.
C. 6.
D. 8.
Use the following data for problems 94–98:
These measurements were collected from a process:
9 am 10 am 11 am Noon
8.6 8.8 8.4 8.5
8.4 8.6 8.6 8.5
8.2 8.9 8.3 8.7
8.4 8.4 8.3 8.7
94. The approximate value for X is:
A. 8.16.
B. 8.29.
C. 8.52.
D. 8.66.
95. The approximate value for R is:
A. 1.62.
B. 0.95.
C. 0.53.
D. 0.35.
96. The approximate value for the UCL for the X chart is:
A. 8.8.
B. 8.6.
C. 8.4.
D. 8.2.
97. The approximate value for the LCL for the X chart is:
A. 8.7.
B. 8.5.
C. 8.3.
D. 8.1.
24 Simulated Exam

98. The approximate value for the UCL for the R chart is:
A. 0.9.
B. 0.8.
C. 0.7.
D. 0.6.
99. In a resolution IV fractional factorial design, some main effects are confounded
with:
A. other main effects.
B. two-factor interactions.
C. three-factor interactions.
Use this data sheet from a designed experiment to answer questions 100–107:

Run # A B C Responses
1 – – – 6 4 5
2 – – + 8 8 8
3 – + – 8 6 6
4 – + + 9 7 10
5 + – – 5 1 3
6 + – + 4 2 3
7 + + – 6 7 5
8 + + + 7 9 6

100. This experiment is a:

A. full factorial.
B. half fractional factorial.
C. quarter fractional factorial.
D. one-eighth fractional factorial.
 Simulated Exam 25

101. The number of replications is:

A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
E. 5.
F. 6.
G. 7.
H. 8.
102. The run with the best robustness is run number:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
E. 5.
F. 6.
G. 7.
H. 8.
103. The run with the most within-treatment variation is run number:
A. 1.
B. 2.
C. 3.
D. 4.
E. 5.
F. 6.
G. 7.
H. 8.
26 Simulated Exam

104. When analyzing the data, it is necessary to watch for:

A. main effects compounded with two-factor interactions.
B. main effects compounded with three-factor interactions.
C. main effects compounded with four-factor interactions.
D. all of the above.
E. none of the above.
105. The main effect of factor C is approximately:
A. 1.6.
B. 4.7.
C. 6.2.
D. 9.4.
106. The interaction effect A × B is approximately:
A. 1.2.
B. 4.7.
C. 6.2.
D. 9.4.
107. The three-factor interaction effect is approximately:
A. 0.1.
B. 0.4.
C. 0.6.
D. 0.9.
108. The within-treatment variance for run #2 is approximately:
A. 1.4.
B. 4.7.
C. 6.2.
D. none of the above.
Use this scenario for problems 109–113:
A team is studying the relative mileage for two different gasoline formulations.
They select 10 cars and put formulation A in each and drive them over a closed
course. They then put the same amount of formulation B in each of the 10 cars and
run them on the same course with the same drivers. The drivers attempt to use the
same driving techniques. The team wants to determine whether formulation B
produces better mileage at the 0.10 level of significance. The results are shown in
the table.
 Simulated Exam 27

Car # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A 33.5 29.7 30.1 33.6 30.7 38.6 23.5 29.1 27.6 30.7
B 36.8 31.6 30.1 33.9 32.0 37.4 24.9 31.7 28.4 32.5

Use the paired t-test with 9 as the degree of freedom.

Use D1, D2,…,D10 for the 10 differences; that is, D1 = B1 – A1, and so on.
–
Let D = Mean of the D-values.
Let μD = The mean of the population of D’s from which this sample is drawn.
Let sD = The standard deviation of the population of D’s.
109. The null hypothesis is:
μD > 0.
A.
μD = 0.
B.
μD < 0.
C.
110. The alternate hypothesis is:
μD > 0.
A.
μD = 0.
B.
μD < 0.
C.
111. The reject region is:
A. values ≥ 1.812.
B. values ≥ 1.833.
C. values ≥ 1.372.
D. values ≥ 1.383.
112. The value of the test statistic is approximately:
A. 1.62.
B. 2.95.
C. 3.25.
D. 4.16.
113. The null hypothesis should be:
A. rejected.
B. not rejected.
C. accepted.
28 Simulated Exam

Use the following information for problems 114–117:

The Toronto plant produces appliances in the following distribution:
Type A: 23%
Type B: 42%
Type C: 35%
A random sample of 300 appliances from the Texas plant has the following
distribution:
Type A: 73
Type B: 111
Type C: 116
We want to determine whether the distribution of appliances at the Texas plant
is the same as that at the Toronto plant. Use the χ2 goodness-of-fit test at the 0.05
significance level.
114. This test is:
A. left-tailed.
B. right-tailed.
C. two-tailed.
115. The critical value from the χ2 table is:
A. 7.378.
B. 9.348.
C. 5.991.
D. 7.815.
116. The value of the test statistic is approximately:
A. –15.
B. 2.71.
C. 3.17.
D. 4.47.
117. The null hypothesis should be:
A. rejected.
B. not rejected.
C. accepted.
 Simulated Exam 29

118. On an FMEA form, failure A is more likely to occur than failure B. The one with
the highest “O-score” is:
A. failure A.
B. failure B.
119. On an FMEA form, failure A is more likely to be detected than failure B. The one
with the highest “D-score” is:
A. failure A.
B. failure B.
Use this table for problems 120–126. The table displays one week’s production.

Small Medium Large

Red 7 12 5
Green 11 13 12
Blue 18 16 11
Black 19 16 14

120. A part is selected at random. The probability it is small is approximately:

A. 0.36.
B. 0.27.
C. 0.23.
D. 0.15.
121. A part is selected at random. The probability it is green is approximately:
A. 0.36.
B. 0.27.
C. 0.23.
D. 0.15.
122. A green part is selected at random. The probability it is small is approximately:
A. 0.51.
B. 0.41.
C. 0.31.
D. 0.21.
30 Simulated Exam

123. A part is selected at random. The probability it is either red or green is

approximately:
A. 0.69.
B. 0.59.
C. 0.49.
D. 0.39.
124. A part is selected at random. The probability it is either red or small or both is
approximately:
A. 0.51.
B. 0.47.
C. 0.31.
D. 0.21.
125. A part is selected at random. The probability it is red and small is approximately:
A. 0.05.
B. 0.04.
C. 0.03.
D. 0.02.
126. A part is selected at random. The probability it is red and green is approximately:
A. 0.51.
B. 0.41.
C. 0.31.
D. 0.21.
E. none of the above.
127. Warranty costs belong in which quality cost category?
A. Appraisal
B. Prevention
C. Internal failure
D. External failure
 Simulated Exam 31

128. The costs of inspectors who sort good and bad parts belong in which quality cost
category?
A. Appraisal
B. Prevention
C. Internal failure
D. External failure
129. An inspector finds that a batch of shafts all have diameters that are too large.
The cost of rework belongs in which quality cost category?
A. Appraisal
B. Prevention
C. Internal failure
D. External failure
130. The costs of SPC charting belong in which quality cost category?
A. Appraisal
B. Prevention
C. Internal failure
D. External failure
131. In general, quality professionals feel that total quality costs can be reduced by
spending more on which quality cost category?
A. Appraisal
B. Prevention
C. Internal failure
D. External failure
132. A measurement systems analysis (MSA) shows that the standard deviation
due to repeatability (σRepeatability) is a great deal higher than historic values. The
possible cause is:
A. gages out of calibration.
B. inspector(s) lack skills.
133. “Traceability to reference standards” refers to:
A. documentation showing ISO accreditation.
B. documentation showing lines of authority and responsibility.
C. documentation showing measurement system calibration procedures.
D. documentation showing compliance with government regulations.
32 Simulated Exam

134. When a random sample from a normal population is plotted on normal

probability graph paper, the resulting shape is typically:
A. approximately linear.
B. skewed to the left.
C. symmetric.
D. bell shaped.
135. A measurement systems analysis (MSA) has shown bias in one gage. This means:
A. the gage is not repeatable.
B. the gage needs to be calibrated.
C. the gage is OK to use but should be checked frequently.
D. the gage should be scrapped.
136. Inferential statistics is the branch of statistics that:
A. provides graphical techniques.
B. includes hypothesis tests.
C. requires extensive hand calculations.
D. is usually done with census data.
137. A difference between descriptive and inferential statistics is that:
A. descriptive statistics is always verbal.
B. inferential statistics is based on the central limit theorem.
C. inferential statistics reaches a conclusion about a population based on analy-
sis of a sample.
D. descriptive statistics produces graphical results.
138. A principal difference between the normal distribution and the Poisson
distribution is:
A. the normal is for continuous data and the Poisson is for discrete data.
B. the Poisson is for continuous data and the normal is for discrete data.
C. the normal is based on probability and the Poisson isn’t.
D. the Poisson is based on probability and the normal isn’t.
 Simulated Exam 33

139. A reasonable guess for the linear correlation coefficient 10

for the points graphed to the right is:
A. –10.
B. 10. 10

C. –1.
D. 1.
140. A reasonable guess for the slope of the line for the points graphed in problem 139
is:
A. –10.
B. 10.
C. –1.
D. 1.
141. A procedure to facilitate capability analysis for nonnormal data is:
A. find a known distribution that fits the data.
B. use nonlinear regression to fit a curve to the data.
C. use a variable transformation to produce a normally distributed variable.
D. all of the above.
E. none of the above.
142. A process produces lots of 100 and consistently has 1% defectives. A customer
will only accept lots that have 0 defectives. Approximately what percentage of
the lots will meet customer specifications?
A. 90%
B. 74%
C. 63%
D. 37%
E. 26%
143. A normally distributed population has variance = 2.25. A random sample of size
30 has a mean value of 100. The upper end of the 95% confidence interval for the
mean is:
A. 100.7.
B. 100.6.
C. 100.5.
D. 100.4.
34 Simulated Exam

144. A random sample of size 30 from a normally distributed population has s = 1.5
and a mean = 100. The upper end of the 95% confidence interval for the mean is:
A. 100.7.
B. 100.6.
C. 100.5.
D. 100.4.
145. A process has these control limits:
UCLX– = 100, LCLX– = 90, UCLR = 3.
These five readings are taken at 9 am: 102, 107, 108, 107, 106. Do these data violate the
control limits?
A. They violate the UCLX–
B. They violate the LCLX–
C. They violate the UCLR
D. Can’t tell without more information
Use these data that were collected from a process for problems 146–147:

8 am 9 am 10 am 11 am Noon
11 11 12 14 12
12 9 11 11 9
14 10 12 12 10

146. The UCLX– for this process is approximately:

A. 11.0.
B. 12.13.
C. 12.6.
D. 13.8.
147. The UCLR for this process is approximately:
A. 6.0.
B. 6.2.
C. 6.4.
D. 6.6.
 Simulated Exam 35

Use these process data for problems 148–149:

Time 8 am 9 am 10 am 11 am Noon
Number defects: 11 9 7 12 10
Batch size: 120 120 120 120 120

148. What control chart should be used?

A. X and R
B.
p
C.
np
D.
c
E.
u
149. The UCL for this chart is approximately:
A. 19.2.
B. 19.3.
C. 19.4.
D. 19.5.
Use these process data for problem 150:

Time 8 am 9 am 10 am 11 am Noon
Number defectives: 11 9 7 12 10
Batch size: 120 120 120 120 120

150. The UCL for this chart is approximately:

A. 16.8.
B. 12.8.
C. 18.8.
D. 19.8.
36 Simulated Exam

ANSWERS TO SIMULATED EXAM

1. A [I.A]
2. E [I.A]
3. B [I.A]
4. D [I.A]
5. C [III.C]
6. D [II.C]
7. C [IV.A]
8. D [IV.A]
9. A [V.F] (Yield = e–DPU = e–0.071736 ≈ 0.931.)
10. C [V.E]
11. B [V.E] (The mean and variance of a Poisson distribution are equal. Variance =
2.94 so σ = 2.94 .)
12. B [V.D]
13. C [V.D]
14. C [VI.A]
15. C [III.A]
16. D [V.D] (If all values in a set are equal, the mean would be that value and 0%
would be less than the mean.)
17. A [V.D]
18. B [I.A]
19. B [I.A] (Because payroll activity doesn’t change the market form or function of
the product.)
20. B [VII.B]
21. E [IV.A]
22. C [VI.D]
23. B [VI.A]
24. A [VI.A]
⎛ ⎞
⎜ p − p0 0.90 − 0.88 ⎟
25. C [VI.A] ⎜ Z0 = = = 0.41⎟
⎜ p0 ( 1 − p0 ) 0.88 ( 1 − 0.88 ) ⎟
⎜⎝ 45 ⎟⎠
n
 Simulated Exam 37

26. B[ VI.A] (Not rejected because 1.25 is not in the reject region, which is the
area ≥ 1.645.)
27. A [VII.B]
28. D [III.B]
29. A [III.E]
30. D [IV.B]
31. D [IV.B]
32. D [VII.C]
33. C [V.D]
34. B [V.E] (If they are mutually exclusive, then P(A) + P(B) = P(A + B), but P(A) +
P(B) = 1.7.)
35. E [V.D]
⎛ 0.006 ⎞
36. A [VI.B] (Lower confidence limit = 1.525 – 1.96 ⎜ .)
⎝ 50 ⎟⎠
37. D [VI.B] (Power = 1 – β.)
38. D [VI.B]
39. A [VII.A]
40. C [VII.A]
41. B [VII.A]
42. C [VIII.D] (IC: = D4 R = 2.282 × 2.282.)
43. C [VIII.C] (The chart was designed with n = 5, but the engineer collected a
sample of size n = 4.)
44. E [II.D] (Financial, customer, internal business processes, learning and growth.)
45. D [IX.C] (A and B are not as good an answer, since these are often stated for a
restrictive environment.)
46. D [III.F]
47. B [VI.D]
48. E [IV.D]
49. A [IX.C] (Dimension W = Nominal ± 0.0062 + 0.0082 + 0.0092 .)
50. D [VII.A]
51. B [VII.A] (#Runs = LevelsFactors.)
52. A [V.F] (LSL is at –1.33σ and USL is at 2σ.)
53. B [V.F] (Cp = (USL – LSL)/6σ = 20/36.)
54. D [V.F] ((USL – X )/σ = 2 and (X – LSL)/σ = 1.33, so Cpk = 1.33/3.)
38 Simulated Exam

55. C [VI.A] (b1 = Sxy/Sxx = 6/8.)

Σ
x 6 8 10 24 Sxx = 200 – 576 ÷ 3 = 8
y 1 3 4 8
x2 36 64 100 200 Sxy = 70 – 24(8) ÷ 3 = 6
y 2
1 9 16 26
xy 6 24 40 70 b1 = Sxy ÷ Sxx = 6 ÷ 8 = 0.75

56. B [VI.A] (b0 = y − b1x = ( 8 ÷ 3 ) − ( 0.75 × 8 ).)

57. A [VII.A] (A+ – A– = 45 – 25 = 20.)
58. E [VII.A] ((A × B)+ = 35 and (A × B) – = 35, so interaction effect = 0.)
59. E [II.C]
60. F [VIII.A] (u-chart displays defects when sample size varies.)
61. C [VIII.A]
62. E [VIII.A] (np-chart displays defectives when sample size is constant.)
63. A [VII.A] (The eight differences are 0.3, 0.1, –0.1, 0.4, 0.5, 0.1, 0.5, 0.5, and their
average is 0.2875.)
64. D [VII.A] (The standard deviation of the sample listed in the answer to question
63 is 0.2295.)
65. C [VII.A] (Since the team is asked to determine whether the average value for
printer #1 exceeds the average value for printer #2, the alternative hypothesis is
HA: μ1 > μ2. This is a right-tailed test.)
66. D [VII.A] (Use the seventh row of the t0.05 column of the t-table.)
d .2875
67. D [VII.A] (t = = ≈ 3.54.)
sd / n 0.2295/ 8

68. C [VII.A] (The null hypothesis is never accepted. It can only be rejected or
not rejected.)
69. A [VII.A]
70. B [VII.A]
71. A [VII.A]
72. D [II.C] (P = A(1 + i) –n = 700,000(1.09) –1.25 ≈ 628,514.)
73. E [VIII.A] (The correct answer is 21.6 + 3 21.6 ≈ 35.54.)
74. C [VIII.A]
 Simulated Exam 39

75. A [VI.B] (MS = SS ÷ df = 1200/6, F-statistic = MSSource ÷ MSError = 200/10, FCritical:

enter the F0.05 table with numerator 6 and denominator 10.)
76. A [V.F]
77. A [III.B]
78. D [I.A]
79. D [I.A] (Internal stakeholders must be employees.)
80. D [I.A] (The study of products and services offered by the organization.)
81. A [III.B]
82. E [IV.A] (It is a QFD matrix.)
83. A [IV.A]
84. E [IV.A]
85. C [VIII.A]
0.059 ( 0.941) ⎡ 0.126 ⎤
86. E. [VIII.A] (p ≈ 0.059 CLs ≈ 0.059 ± ≈⎢ .)
112.9 ⎣ 0 ⎥⎦
87. D [VIII.A]
88. E [VIII.A] (p = 73/1210 UL = ( 110 ) 0.06 ± 3 110 ( 0.06 ) ( 0.94 ) ≈ 14.1.)
89. A [V.D]
90. D [V.D]
91. C [V.D]
92. D [V.D]
93. D [V.D]
94. C [VIII.A]
95. D [VIII.A]
96. A [VIII.A]
97. C [VIII.A]
98. B [VIII.A]
99. C [VII.B]
100. A [VII.B]
101. C [VII.B]
102. B [VII.B] (The best robustness means lowest variation in replicate values.)
103. E [VII.B] (This run has the most variation within the replicates.)
104. E [VII.B] (A full factorial experiment will have no confounding.)
40 Simulated Exam

105. A [VII.B] (C+ = (8 + 8.7 + 3 + 7.3)/4     C– = (5 + 6.7 + 3 + 6)/4.

Main effect is C+ – C– = 6.75 – 5.175 ≈ 1.6.)
106. A [VII.B] (A × B+ = (5 + 8 + 6 + 7.3)/4     A × B – = (6.7 + 8.7 + 3 + 3)/4.
Interaction effect is A × B+ × A × B – = 6.575 – 5.35.)
107. C [VII.B] (A × B × C+ × A × B × C– = 6.25 – 5.675.)
108. D [VII.B] (Since all response values are 8, the variance = 0.)
109. B [VI.B]
110. A [VI.B]
111. D [VI.B]
112. B [VI.B]
113. A [VI.B]
114. B [VI.B] (The χ2 goodness-of-fit test is always right-tailed.)
115. C [VI.B] (The value is in row 2 of the 0.05 column of the χ2 table.)
116. C [VI.B]

Probability Observed @ Expected* @

@Toronto Texas Texas O–E (O – E)2 ÷ E
0.23 73 69 4 0.23
0.42 111 126 –15 1.79
0.35 116 105 11 1.15
Total: χ = 3.17
2

* Expected = Probability × 300

117. B [VI.B] (Since the calculated statistic is not ≥ the test statistic.)
118. A [VI.C]
119. B [VI.C]
120. A [V.E] (There are 55 small parts and 154 total parts. Use 55/154.)
121. C [V.E] (36/154.)
122. C [V.E] (Eleven of the 36 green parts are small: 11/36.)
123. D [V.E] (60/154.)
124. B [V.E] (72/154.)
125. A [V.E] (Seven of the parts are small red ones: 7/154.)
126. E [V.E] (None of the parts are both red and green: 0/154.)
127. D [II.E]
 Simulated Exam 41

128. A [II.E]
129. C [II.E]
130. B [II.E]
131. B [II.E]
132. B [V.C]
133. C [V.C] (Refers to documents that link calibration to national standards.)
134. A [V.D]
135. B [V.C] (Bias means the gage reads consistently high or consistently low.)
136. B [V.D]
137. C [V.D]
138. A [V.E]
139. C [VI.A]
140. C [VI.A]
141. D [V.F]
⎛ 100⎞ 0.01 0 0.99 100
142. D [V.F] Binomial formula: (P ( x = 0 ) = ⎜ ( )( ) .)
⎝ 0 ⎟⎠
143. C [VI.B]
144. B [VI.B]
145. D [VIII.A] (The problem doesn’t state the sample size.)
146. D [VIII.A] (x = 11.3; R = 2.4; UCL x = 11.3 + ( 1.023 ) ( 2.4 ) )
147. B [VIII.A] (UCLR = (2.574)(2.4).)
148. D [VIII.A] (The c-chart is for defects when n is constant.)
149. A [VIII.A] (c + 3 c ≈ 9.8 + 3 9.8 )
49
150. C [VIII.A] ⎛ p = ≈ 0.082 np ≈ 9.8 ⎞
⎜ 600 ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎜⎝ UCL ≈ 9.8 + 3 120 ( 0.082 ) ( 0.918 ).⎟⎠