Abruptio Placenta

BSN 2H GROUP 7
Introduction

Abruptio placenta, also known as

placental abruption, is a type of
pregnancy disorder. It is a serious
medical condition that occurs during
pregnancy when the placenta separates
from the inner wall of the uterus before
the baby is born.
Introduction
Placental abruption is most common
between the 24th and 26th weeks of
pregnancy. The placenta is an organ that
develops throughout pregnancy and
feeds the growing fetus with nutrients
and oxygen. It is connected to the baby
through the umbilical cord and attached
to the uterine wall.
Introduction
The risk factor of abruptio placenta,
including advanced maternal age (over
35 years), high blood pressure
(hypertension), smoking, drug abuse
(particularly cocaine), previous history of
placental abruption, trauma or injury to
the abdomen, multiple pregnancies (such
as twins or triplets), and certain medical
conditions like preeclampsia.
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA
Name: Mrs. N
• Age: 40 y/o
• Date of Birth:
• Gender: Female
• Birthday: January 10,1983
• Nationality: Filipino
• Religion: Roman Catholic
• Occupation: None
• Marital Status: Married
• Weight: 70 kgs
• Height: 5foot and 4 inches
• Dialect: Itawes
• Language: Tagalog
• Chief Complaint: sudden severe lower abdominal pain at 17 weeks gestation, severe
vaginal bleeding
• Admitting Physician:
• Admitting Diagnosis: Abruptio Placentae
Source of Information: Patient
NURSING HISTORY
HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS

Mrs.N presented with sudden lower abdominal pain at 17 weeks gestation,

accompanied by severe heavy vaginal bleeding with blood clots was
confirmed and the uterus was contracting continuously, leading to a
severe abdominal pain. The patient was pale in appearance with capillary
refill of 4 seconds, blood pressure was 80/50mmHg and pulse rate with
120 bpm

PAST HEALTH HISTORY

The patient has 4 normal deliveries and denied the occurrence of

any trauma, she has no abnormal medical or family history and she
smoke 20 cigarettes per day
LABORATORY FINDINGS

-single live fetus with a normal heart rate

-placenta was attached to the anterior uterine wall
-a well-defined 5×3 cm high-intensity region and a 1×2-cm low
intensity region were noted within the placenta suggestive of intra-
placental hemorrhage.
LABORATORY FINDINGS
ANATOMY ANF PHYSIOLOGY
UTERUS- The uterus is hollow and pear-shaped. It is about the size
of a fist. It's in your lower belly (pelvic area). Your uterus is
connected to the fallopian tubes. These tubes help carry eggs from
the ovaries into the uterus. The lower part of the uterus connects to
the vagina and is called the cervix. The wider, upper part of the
uterus is called the corpus or fundus.
PART OF THE UTERUS
Fundus: The uppermost and widest part of your uterus. It connects to your
fallopian tubes.

Corpus: The main body of your uterus. This is where a fertilized egg
implants during pregnancy.

Isthmus: The part of your uterus between your corpus and cervix. It’s
where your uterus starts to narrow or thin.

Cervix: The lowest part of your uterus. Your cervix opens to your vagina.

External os: the opening between the cervix and vagina

Internal os: opening between the cervix and the corpus.

LAYERS OF THE UTERUS
Perimetrium: The outermost, protective layer.

Myometrium: The highly muscular middle layer. This is what expands

during pregnancy and contracts to push your baby out.

Endometrium: The inner layer or lining of your uterus (uterine lining). This
layer of your uterus is shed during your menstrual cycle.
 Normal placental attachment Abruptio Placenta

The placenta attaches to the wall of the uterus, and The placenta separated or detached to the
the baby's umbilical cord arises from it. uterine wall prematurely.

The placenta looks like a disc of bumpy tissue rich in

May cause antenatal hemorrhage.
blood vessels, making it appear dark red at term

They connect with the baby through the umbilical

The placenta may not remove all the waste from
cord and branch throughout the placenta disc like
the fetal blood.
the limbs of a tree.

The rest of the placental tissues mainly connect the

a baby may not get enough oxygen and nutrients
villi to the umbilical cord and allow your blood to
in the womb. And can cause heavy bleeding to
bathe the villi, supplying the baby with oxygen and
the birthing parent.
nutrients.

Once the baby is born, the placenta will separate on Once the baby is born, the placenta separating
its own and pass naturally out of the birth canal. from the inner wall of the uterus can result in

oxygen deprivation also called birth asphyxia.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
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NURSING CARE PLAN
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DISCHARGE PLAN
MEDICATION:
Instruct the patient to take all the prescribed medicine at the right time as directed by
the physician
EXERCISE:
Instruct the patient to avoid heavy lifting, excessive stair climbing, and strenuous
activities
Advice the patient to get some rest and enough sleep.
TREATMENT:
Advice the family to seek medical advice if any abnormalities arise
Emphasize the importance of regular follow-up check up as instructed by the physician
HYGIENE
Instruct the patient to wear comfortable, loose-fitting clothing to prevent rubbing the in
incision area
Check the area of incision every day for redness swelling drainage or wound opening
Instruct the patient not to apply any cream or ointment to the incission until specifically
told to do so.
DISCHARGE PLAN
OPD
Encourage the patient to follow the scheduled check- up
Instruct to notify the physician if any problem or complication arises
Follow the physician's order or recommendation before returning to normal activities
DIET
Instruct the patient to increase fluid intake.
Eat a healthy diet that includes vegatbles, fruits,and whole grains
Ensure that the patient's diet includes plenty of protein, iron, B vitamins, and calcium.
Instruct the patient to avoid alcoholic beverages while still taking the prescribed
medication
Instruct the patient quit smoking.

SPIRITUAL
Counsel the SO to make the client aware of emotional, practical, and spiritual support
they could get.
Take time to look after the spiritual well-being, for quiet moments of rest and following
religious pratices.
Establish family support