AREAS OF OVERLAPS IN THREE SECTORS AND WHY PUBLIC

SECTOR IS INDISPENSABLE

PUBLIC SECTOR MANAGEMENT MODULE

BY: JUDITH KIFFOLA

EMAIL:judithkiffola95@gmail.com
COUNTRY: UGANDA

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Table of Contents
QUESTION ONE......................................................................................................................................1
Overlaps in service delivery..................................................................................................................1
Reasons why the Public Sector is indispensable in spite of such overlaps in service delivery.........3
QUESTION TWO.....................................................................................................................................7
REFRENCES...........................................................................................................................................10

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QUESTION ONE
In the economy, there is a public sector, a private sector and a “third sector” all engaged in
provision of essential common goods and services to the public. However, an emphasis of
public sector management is still made and considered very essential for all the three
sectors to effectively perform. Discuss the areas of overlaps amongst the three sectors and
go on to defend why a public sector is indispensable in spite of such overlaps in service
delivery
Public sector
Is the part of the economy concerned with basic government goods and services that are either
not, or cannot be, provided by another sector. It consists of national and local governments or
other government agencies. It is the largest sector of any economy.
Funding for public goods and services are usually raised through taxes, fees, and through
financial transfers from other levels of governments. The Ugandan public sector refers to the
production, delivery and allocation of goods and services. the public sector covers all
government ministries all departments, agencies and local governments (MDAs)

Private sector
It’s the part of economy made up of private enterprises, private enterprises are business units
established, owned and operated by private individuals for profit motives. private sector includes
the personal sector (individuals or families) and corporate sector (companies) and is responsible
for providing substantial resources to the entire national economy

Third Sector
Other names are voluntary sector, community sector, civil sector, non-profit sector, or not-for-
profit sector. It refers to the sphere of social activity or that part of the economy undertaken by
organizations that are for nonprofit and non- governmental

Overlaps in service delivery

1. Secondment of the staff by public sector to other sectors

A situation where an employee or group of employees is assigned on a temporary basis to
work for another, “host” organization or different part of their employer’s organization.
On expiry of the secondment term, the employee (the seconded) will return to their
original employer.
For example, in July, 2019, the IGP greatly thanked H.E the president for the
appointments on secondment of additional UPDF officers to the police. These included

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 AIGP Brigadier Godfrey Golooba, the Director Human Resource Development and
raining. He replaces AIGP Haruna Isabirye, who is heading to New York as the police
attachee to the Ugandan Mission.

2. Subsidies and direct funding or support by one sector or other

Through the ministry of Education and Sports of Uganda to evaluate the impact of
Uganda’s per-student subsidies on secondary private school performance. In particular,
they sought to evaluate the impact of the (Public Private Partnerships) PPP program on
private school enrollment. Subsidy group (51 schools); subsidy group schools received
47,000ugx per term per student from the government for the 2011 school year. These
schools were also eligible to receive support

3. Government hire private entities to provide goods and services for the public sector –
Outsourcing & Contracting.
Outsourcing is a process where a company gives the contract of some of its noncore
business processes to companies in foreign countries to save on money and time. It has
become controversial in recent times with people in western countries feeling their jobs
are being given to people in third world countries.
Contracting is a process where companies have a control of the outsourcing company but
decided to purchase goods or services as per a contract that is made.
When the supplier of the service or product owns the business then the process is termed
as outsourcing, but when the company receiving products or services owns the service
providing company, its termed as contracting.
For example, UMEME is Uganda’s main electricity distribution company, distributing
97% of all electricity in the country.

4. The public sector co-production and co-funding a public good/service through a

partnership – Public Private Partnership (PPP)
The Public Private Partnership Unit (PPPU) is an institution established by an Act of
Parliament within the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development
(MOFPED) of Uganda. The Unit has existed since 2015 and its major role is to serve as
the secretariat and technical arm of PPP committees.
For example, CNOOC international is one of the largest oil and gas companies in
Uganda’s energy sector and owns one – third interests in each of exploration Areas (EA)
EA1/1A, EA2 and Kingfisher. Our partners and Tullow Oil (33.3%) CNOOC
International operates the kingfisher production license.
In 2016, development and production licenses for eight oil fields in the EA 1 and EA 2
blocks were issued by the government. In 2017, the front-end engineering design (FEED)
of the blocks was initiated and the intergovernmental agreement for an oil pipeline was
signed and the FEED was complete.
CNOOC international also completed the FEED for ground construction and drilling on
block EA 3A in 2017.

5. The public sector (government or agency) transfers ownership of a business, a service of

property to the private sector or a third sector wholly or partially – Privatization

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 This occurs when a government-owned business, operation, or property becomes owned
by a private, non-government party. Note that privatization also describes the transition
of a company from being publicly traded to becoming privately held. This is referred to
as a corporate privatization.
It generally helps governments saves money and increases efficiency where private
companies can move goods quicker and more efficient.
For example, in June 1999, the government put in place the power sector restructuring
and privatization strategy (PSRPS). the principle objects which were to make the power
sector financial viable and efficient, to meet the growing demands of electricity and to
increase area coverage, to improve the reliability and quality of electric supply, to attract
private capital and entrepreneurs and to take advantage of the export opportunities. The
Uganda Electricity Distribution Company limited and Uganda Electricity Generating
Company Limited which were formed through the privatization Act 1999, (CAP 145
laws of Uganda) by the Ministry of Finance Planning and Economic Development.

6. Producing or providing similar goods and services

This is when all the three sectors are able to provide the same services to the public. The
public Sector provides free health services to the public through government hospitals at
an affordable cost, Private health cares provide services to the public that is able to afford
the high costs of medical treatment in hospitals such as Case Clinic in Nakasero. The
third sector that consists of NGOs provide free medical treatment to the public when they
conduct the free expensive treatment that is cancer treatment, orthopedic surgeries and
many others.

Reasons why the Public Sector is indispensable in spite of such overlaps in service delivery

1. Responsible for providing timely high quality and cost effective services to the nation
The government entities in Uganda have increased on the quality of services being
provided to the public such as, Uganda Roads Authority has made high quality roads in
Uganda that has improved on the transportation of goods and services from one place to
another such as the Northern bypass, Entebbe Express highway.
Ministry of Health has implemented programs in various government hospitals that
provide free medical treatment to Ugandan citizens such as the Covid-19 Vaccination,
immunization of children, antenatal care and more others that have resulted to cost
effective services to the public.

2. Improving all aspects of governance – reducing poverty and promoting sustainable

development. Good governance is the process of measuring how public institutions
conduct public affairs and manage public resources and guarantee the realization of
human right in a manner essentially free of abuse and corruption and with due regard for
the rule law. The government of Uganda has made different programs to reduce poverty
such as the NAADS (National Agricultural Advisory Services Programme) focuses on
providing a stepping stone for farmers’ groups and associations that enables them to
move into commercial production and become part of the commodity value chain. The

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 Parish Module which is another project to eradicate poverty, thus promoting a sustainable
development to the public.

3. It’s the principal actor in macro socio-economic development and stability

Macroeconomics focuses on the performance of economies-changes in economic output,

inflation, interest and foreign exchange rates and the balance of payments. Poverty
reduction, social equity, and sustainable growth are only possible with sound monetary
and fiscal policies. Without proper macro management, poverty reduction and social
equity aren’t possible. The Bank of Uganda keeps track of the financial growth with the
help of Ministry of Finance and Economic Development and sets standard rates to be
used within the country.

4. Creating enabling environment for national development

The National Development Plan (NDP) stipulates the country’s medium term strategic
direction, development priorities and implementation strategies. in addition, it details
Uganda’s current development status, challenges and opportunities. In line with the
National Vision Framework, six (6) five-year NDPs will be implemented and so far two
NDPs have been produced. The NDPII builds on the achievements of NDP1 which was
largely based on strengthening the foundation of the economy to set the stage for future
economic growth and social transformation.
The thrust of the NDPII is to propel the country to middle income status in the next five
years through priotizing investment in five key growth drivers with the greatest
multipliers effect as identified in the Uganda Vision 2040 namely agriculture, tourism,
minerals, oil and gas, infrastructure and human capital development.
NDPII theme is “strengthening Uganda’s Competitiveness for sustainable wealth
creation, inclusive growth and employment”

5. Protection of lives, property and rights of citizens

The availability of the Uganda Police Force, Uganda People Defense Force have worked
hand in hand to protect the lives of the citizens during the times for Election riots, Lord’s
Resistance Army that led to destruction of property and lives. The recent Bombing cases
that happened around 16th November 2022, that put the nation at unrest. This led to the
deployment of the Uganda Military and Police to keep the country safe from terror
attacks.

6. Maintenance and supply of essential resources

The public entities have worked together to maintain the wellbeing of the nation such as
the Ministry of Health with the help from the World Health Organization provided
guidance and rules for the public to maintain and avoid the spread of pandemic diseases
such as Covid-19. the continuous supply of the medical supplies to the public to prevent
spread of diseases such as the Covid-19 vaccine, mosquito nets, ARVs for the HIV/AIDS
patients. Thus marinating the good wellbeing of the public.

7. Support of persons unable to care for themselves

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 The public sector has projects that supports the needy such as provision of free medical
services at the government hospitals, the free Education service the government provides
from the Ministry of Education and Sports such as Universal Primary Education,
Universal Secondary Education on government schools. The government also provides
University scholarships to best performing students. Through the ministry of Disaster
preparedness and refugees, the people of Mbale, Bududa are always being supported
from the effects of the landslides, flooding in kasese that has left people homeless and
without help. The public sector has supported the needs of those that are unable

8. Promoting a steady and balanced economic growth

the government has opened many programs that support the public and growth of
economy.
Through the introduction of Buy Uganda Build Uganda (BUBU), the presidential
initiative has supported the growth of Ugandan products. The increased road
constructions done by the Uganda Roads Authority such as the Northern bypass, Entebbe
express highway, the Jinja bridge that has fastened the rate of service delivery. The
increased transmission of Electricity within Uganda has advanced the development of
many factories and business entities as it has reduced the high cost of operations and
raised the development in the country.

9. Promotion of quality of life and personal opportunity to succeed protection of natural

environment
Through the Ministry of water and of Environment, the destruction of the wetlands,
forests in the country has been restricted to the public. Increase in water recycling plants
have increase in the amount of water production per day done by the National Water
sewerage corporation.
The National Forestry Authority has advocated for the growing of tree projects to
increase on the vegetation in the nation and strict laws have been there for deforestation.

10. Promotion of scientific and technological advancement

Services in Uganda have been moved from analog to digital use such as the Ministry of
internal affairs has begun using the digital platform to apply for e-passports which has
simplified the whole process and reduced on the costs. The Uganda revenue Authority
has also implemented the payment of tax and processing on the digital platform which
has simplified everything.

11. Planning
The ministry of Finance and Economic Development always does the national planning
for the country every beginning of July of each year. It allocates funds to each ministry to
support the running projects and sustainability of the existing businesses/ projects.

12. Formulation and implementation of policies, programs and projects for the delivery of
goods and services to the nationals
Through the formulation of parish module program by the presidential initiative, the
NAADS program. This has created opportunities for the public to benefit from them and
participate. House sector development plan which was started in 2016 to help increase on

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 the number of affordable houses and of good quality to all citizens of Uganda. Uganda
National Bureau of Standards act which declaration of compulsory national standards
notice.

13. Public sector organizations (owned and controlled by the government) aim at providing
public services, often free at the point of delivery e.g. the health services, water power

14. They are solely responsible for provision of public goods, however, the public also
consumes other goods – merit goods. The Uganda Police Force, Uganda Peoples’ Force
and other entities like Local Defense Unit provide security solely for the country and the
control it fully. However the government also provides other goods through
The Ministry of Health provide free medication to the public at the government hospitals
but still the public

REFRENCES

https://www.povertyactionlab.org/evaluation/impact-government-subsidies-private-secondary-
school-performance-uganda

http://www.npa.go.ug/development-plans/national-development-plan-ndp/

https://www.britannica.com/topic/governance/Democratic-visions

https://www.bbc.com/news