1/10/2022

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Mammalian Cell
Types & Culture
Characteristics
Digital Workshop

Ankur Gautam
Lab Services Manager

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Contents….

❑ History

❑ Animal cell culture

❑ Importance & its applications

❑ Types of cells

❑ Morphologies of cells

What is Mammalian Cell Culture ?

Growing animal cells outside of the body under controlled conditions

“Culturing of cells derived from animal cells/tissue”

Animal Tissue Culture of cells

Artificial environment: Similar to in vivo conditions

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History

Induced
Pluripotent
Mouse Stem Cell
Embryonic
Stem Cell

Isolated
Serum-free
medium
2006
human
fibroblasts 1981
DMEM
1965
Chicken
heart muscle
Antibiotics
in medium 1961
tissue
culture
1955 Shinya Yamanaka
1940s
1912

Nobel Prize in Medicine

(2012)

Applications of Cell Culture

Drug &
Dr. Jonas Edward Salk toxicity
(1914-95) screening

Function &
Biochemistry

Production
of vaccine &
therapeutics

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Cell Types

Primary
Cells

Secondary
Cells

Immortalize
Cells

Primary Cells

▪ Derived directly from living tissue ▪ Limited life span

▪ Difficult to maintain in culture
▪ More similar to in vivo studies,
▪ Slow proliferation
▪ Clinical relevance;
▪ Not well characterized
▪ Translational research

Heterogenous
Enzymatic/
Excision of mechanical Single cell
tissue treatment Separation

Mince or chop Disaggregation

Tissue
Mouse
Culture

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Secondary Cells

Heterogenous

▪ Derived from primary cells Primary culture

Selective medium 2 Selective medium 1

▪ Isolated by selection

▪ More homogeneous

▪ Finite life span in vitro

Secondary culture Secondary culture

Cell Type A Cell Type B

Homogenous
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Continuous/Immortalized cells

➢ Derived from pri / sec culture ➢ Modifications; transformed

➢ Immortalized, Fast growth ➢ Altered physiological properties

➢ Infinite life span ➢ Not representative of in vivo

Loss of cell division Control

Continuous culture
Secondary culture

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Origin of Cell line Animal

Tissue

Disaggregation

Primary cells
Definite time
(Heterogenous)
Slow

Selective medium

Definite time Secondary cells

Slow (Homogenous)

Transformation Cell lines

Indefinite time Continuous cells

Fast (Homogenous)

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Types of Cells (Anchorage)

Anchorage dependant (Adherent)

▪ Most animal tissue derived cells

▪ Adhere to bottom of a flask
▪ Form a monolayer
https://www.labconscious.com/

Anchorage independent (Suspension)

▪ Cells associated with body fluid (eg. blood cells)

▪ Free-floating (in suspension)

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Types of cells
(based on morphology)

Fibroblast Epithelial Neuron Lymphoblast

Adherent Adherent Adherent Suspension

Elongated Flattened Long extension Spherical
Bipolar Polygonal

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Example of some cell lines used for in vitro culture

Cell line Species of origin Tissue of origin Cell morphology

3T3 Mouse Connective Fibroblast

CHO Chinese Hamster Ovary Epithelial

BHK21 Syrian Hamster Kidney Fibroblast

HeLa Human Cervical Carcinoma Epithelial

MDCK Dog Kidney Epithelial

MRC-S Human Lung Fibroblast, Finite

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Have You Ever Heard of The Immortal HeLa cells?

Henrietta Lacks
Ms. Lacks’ family didn’t know until 24
years after her death.

First immortal Human cells

grown outside the body.

African lady, In USA

Widely used cell line
Cervical cancer (1951)
Across the globe
Surgical removal of tumor
Cells grown in laboratory
75 000 scientific article abstracts
11 000 patents.

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THANK YOU
ankur.gautam@merckgroup.com
https://www.linkedin.com/groups/10544590/

16 Chart library functional cells

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