THE GREAT PLEBEIAN COLLEGE

Alaminos City Pangasinan

FIRST SEMESTER
SY: 2022-2023

SEMI FINALS

HEREDITY: INHERITANCE AND VARIATION

Genes
• Is the basic units of inheritance that determine the characteristics of the
individual
• It carry genetic information from generation to another
• Are located in long molecules known as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Chromosome
• are located in the nucleus
• carrying information that are determines our characteristic
• each chromosome are made up from DNA
The trait INHERITANCE
INHERITANCE – transmission of traits from one generation to generation or from
parents to offspring.
• GREGOR MENDEL (1822-1884) – was an Austrian scientist known as the
father of genetics because he discovered the principle of inheritance.

• GENOTYPE - refers to the genetic information in the genes of an organism.

• PHENOTYPE – refers to the physical properties which can be seen in

organism.

• The genotype of an organism determines the phenotype of the organism

• A human somatic cell 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 pairs of chromosomse)
• From 23 pairs of chromosomes , 22 pairs of autosome and 1 pair is sex
chromosomes
• SEX CHROMOSOME DETERMINE THE SEX OF A PERSON
• The male sex chromosome are XY
• Male somatic cell contains 22 pairs of autosome with 1 X chromosome and
1 Y chromosome.
• 44 + XY

• In MEIOSIS – a male produces 2 types of gamete which is:

• Carries 22 autosomes and 1 X chromosome = 22 + X

• Carries 22 autosomes and 1 Y chromosome = 22 + Y

SEX DETERMINATION
• The sex of a child determine the sex by the father according to the type of
sperm that fertilizes the ovum
• IF A SPERM THAT CARRIES:
• The X chromosome fertilizes an ovum , a BABY GIRL is born
• The Y chromosome fertilizes an ovum , a BABY BOY is born
• The probability of having a male and a female child is the same > 50 : 50
VARIATION
• Differences between organisms
• Types of variation:
1. CONTINUOUS VARIATION
• There are different characteristics with many intermediates in
between
• Ex: height , weight , skin color
• It is caused by different genes as well as different environment
2. DISCONTINUOUS VARIATION
• There are different characteristics but no intermediates in
between
• Ex : blood types, eye color
• Caused by different genes

SC101 TEACHING SCIENCE IN THE PRIMARY GRADE

Instructor: Kathleen N. Batalla