Dr. David C.

Kennedy's original report was posted on the

Healthy Dentistry (Robert Gammal, B.D.S.) website (www.robertgammal.com)
No posting date.

Scientific Facts on the Biological

Effects of Fluorides

This report was written by:

Dr. David C. Kennedy, D.D.S., IAOMT. SDCDS, CDA, ADA

Former President of IAOMT
(International Academy of Oral Medicine and Toxicology)
(San Diego County Dental Society)
(California Dental Association)
(American Dental Association)

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In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C., section 107, some material in this report is provided
without permission from the copyright owner, only for purposes of criticism, comment, news
reporting, teaching, scholarship and research under the "fair use" provisions of federal
copyright laws. These materials may not be distributed further, except for "fair use" non-
profit educational purposes, without permission of the copyright owner.
 Scientific Facts on the Biological Effects of Fluorides

"Fluoridation is the greatest case of scientific fraud of this century"

Robert Carlton, Ph.D., former U.S. EPA scientist on "Marketplace" Canadian Broadcast
Company Nov 24, 1992.

"Regarding fluoridation, the EPA should act immediately to protect the public, not
just on the cancer data, but on the evidence of bone fractures, arthritis, mutagenicity
and other effects"
William Marcus, Ph.D., senior EPA toxicologist, "Covert Action," Fall 1992, p.66.

1.Fluoride exposure disrupts the synthesis of collagen and leads to the breakdown
of collagen in bone, tendon, muscle, skin, cartilage, lungs, kidney and trachea.
A.K. Susheela and Mohan Jha, "Effects of Fluoride on Cortical and Cancellous Bone Composition",
IRCS Medical Sciences: Library Compendium, Vol 9, No.11, pp.1021- 1022 (1981).
Y.D. Sharma, "Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Collagen Cross-Link Precursors", Toxocological Letters,
Vol.10, pp97-100 (1982).
A.K. Susheela and D. Mukerjee, "Fluoride poisoning and the Effect of Collagen Biosynthesis of Osseous
and Nonosseous Tissue", Toxocologiocal European Research, Vol 3, No.2, pp. 99-104 (1981).
Y.D. Sharma,"Variations in the Metabolism and Maturation of Collagen after Fluoride Ingestion",
Biochemica et Bioiphysica Acta, Vol 715, pp.137-141 (1982).
Marian Drozdz et al.,"Studies on the Influence of Fluoride Compounds upon Connective Tissue
metabolism inGrowing Rats" and "Effect of Sodium Fluoride With and Without Simultaneous Exposure
to Hydrogen Fluoride on Collagen Metabolism", Journal of Toxological Medicine, Vol. 4, pp.151-157
(1984).

2. Fluoride stimulates granule formation and oxygen consumption in white blood

cells, but inhibits these processes when the white blood cell is challenged by a
foreign agent in the blood.
Robert A. Clark, "Neutrophil Iodintion Reaction Induced by Fluoride: Implications for
Degranulation and Metabolic Activation," Blood, Vol 57, pp.913-921 (1981).

3. Fluoride depletes the energy reserves and the ability of white blood cells to
properly destroy foreign agents by the process of phagocytosis. As little as 0.2 ppm
fluoride stimulates superoxide production in resting white blood cells, virtually
abolishing phagocytosis. Even micro-molar amounts of fluoride, below 1ppm, may
seriously depress the ability of white blood cells to destroy pathogenic agents.
John Curnette, et al, "Fluoride-mediated Activation of the Respiratory Burst in Human Neutrophils",
Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol 63, pp.637-647 (1979).
W.L. Gabler and P.A. Leong, "Fluoride Inhibition of Polymorphonumclear Leukocytes", Journal of
Dental Research, Vo. 48, No. 9, pp.1933-1939 (1979).
W.L. Gabler, et al., "Effect of Fluoride on the Kinetics of Superoxide Generation by Fluoride", Journal of
Dental Research, Vol. 64, p.281 (1985).
A.S. Kozlyuk, et al., "Immune Status of Children in Chemically Contaminated Environments",
Zdravookhranenie, Issue 3, pp.6-9 (1987).
 Dr. David C. Kennedy

4. Fluoride confuses the immune system and causes it to attack the body's own
tissues, and increases the tumor growth rate in cancer prone individuals.
Alfred Taylor and Nell C. Taylor, "Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Tumor Growth", Proceedings of the
Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol 119,p.252(1965)
Shiela Gibson, "Effects of Fluoride on Immune System Function", Complementary
Medical Research, Vol 6, pp.111-113 (1992).
Peter Wilkinson, "Inhibition of the Immune Syetem With Low Levels of Fluorides", Testimony before
the Scottish High Court in Edinburgh in the Case of McColl vs. Strathclyde Regional Council, pp.
17723-18150, 19328-19492, and Exhibit 636, (1982).
D.W.Allman and M.Benac, "Effect of Inorganic Fluoride Salts on Urine and Cyclic AMP Concentration
in Vivo", Journal of Dental Research, Vol 55 (Supplement B), p.523 (1976).
S. Jaouni and D.W. Allman, "Effect of Sodium Fluoride and Aluminum on Adenylate Cyclase and
Phosphodiesterase Activity", Journal of Dental Research, Vol.64, p.201 (1985).

5. Fluoride inhibits antibody formation in the blood.

S.K. Jain and A.K. Susheela, "Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Antibody Formation in
Rabbits", Environmental Research, Vol.44, pp.117-125 (1987).

6. Fluoride depresses thyroid activity.

Viktor Gorlitzer Von Mundy, "Influence of Fluorine and Iodine on the Metabolism, Particularly on the
Thyroid Gland," Muenchener Medicische Wochenschrift, Vol 105, pp182-186 (1963).
Benagiano, "The Effect of Sodium Fluoride on Thyroid Enzymes and Basal Metabolism in the Rat",
Annali Di Stomatologia, Vol 14, pp.601-619n (1965).
Donald Hillman, et al., "Hypothyroidism and Anemia Related to Fluoride in Dairy Cattle," Journal of
Dairy Science, Vol 62, No.3, pp.416-423 (1979).
V. Stole and J. Podoba, "Effect of Fluoride on the Biogenesis of Thyroid Hormones", Nature, Vol 188,
No.4753, pp.855-856 (1960).
Pierre Galleti and Gustave Joyet, "Effect of Fluorine on Thyroid Iodine Metabolism and
hyperthyroidism", Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vol. 18, pp.1102- 1110 (1958).

7. Fluorides have a disruptive effect on various tissues in the body.

T.Takamorim "The Heart Changes in Growing Albino Rats Fed on Varied Contents of Fluorine," The
Toxicology of Fluorine, Symposium, Bern, Switzerland, Oct 1962,
pp.125-129.
Vilber A.O. Bello and Hillel J. Gitelman, "High Fluoride Exposure in Hemodialysis Patients", American
Journal of Kidney Diseases, Vol. 15, pp.320-324 (1990).
Y.Yoshisa, "Experimental Studies on Chronic Fluorine Poisoning", Japaneses Journal of Industrial
Health, Vol 1, pp.683-690 (1959).

8. Fluoride promotes development of bone cancer.

J.K. Mauer, et al., "Two-year cacinogenicity study of sodium fluoride in rats", Journal of the National
Cancer Institute, Vol 82, pp1118-1126 (1990).
Proctor and Gamble "Carcinogencity studies with Sodium Fluoride in rats" National Institute of
Environmental Health Sciences Presentation, July 27, 1985.
 Scientific Facts on the Biological Effects of Fluorides

8. Fluoride promotes development of bone cancer. (continued)

S.E. Hrudley et al.,"Drinking Water Fluoridation and Osteocarcoma" Canadian Journal of Public Health,
Vol 81, pp.415-416 (1990).
P.D. Cohn, " A Brief Report on the Association of Drinking Water Fluoridation and Incidence of
Osteosarcoma in Young Males", New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey, Nov 1992;
M.C. Mahoney et al.,"Bone Cancer Incidence Rates in New York", American Journal of Public Health,
Vol 81, pp.81, 475 (1991).
Irwin Herskowitz and Isabel Norton, "Increased Incidence of Melanotic Tumors
Following Treatment with Sodium Fluoride", Genetics Vol 48, pp.307-310 (1963).
J.A. Disney, et al., " A Case Study in Testing the Conventional Wisdom; School-Based Fluoride
Mouthrinse Programs in the USA" Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, Vol 18, pp.46-56
(1990).
D.J. Newell, "Fluoridation of Water Supplies and Cancer – an association?", Applied Statistics, Vol 26,
No.2, pp.125-135 (1977).

9. Fluorides cause premature aging of the human body.

Nicholas Leone, et al., "Medical Aspects of Excessive Fluoride in a Water Supply", Public Health
Reports, Vol 69, pp.925-936 (1954).
J. David Erikson, "Mortality of Selected Cities with Fluoridated and Non-Fluoridated
Water Supplies", New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 298, pp.1112-1116 (1978).
"The Village Where People are Old Before their Time", Stern Magazine, Vol 30, pp.107-108,111-112
(1978).

10. Fluoride ingestion from mouth rinses and dentifrices in children is extremely
hazardous to biological development, life span and general health.
Yngve Ericsson and Britta Forsman, "Fluoride retained from mouth rinses and
dentifrices in preschool children", Caries Research, Vol.3, pp.290-299 (1969);
W.L. Augenstein, et al., "Fluoride ingestion in children: a review of 87 cases",
Pediatrics, Vol 88, pp.907-912, (1991).
Charles Wax, "Field Investigation report", State of Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene,
March 19, 1980, 67pp.
George Waldbott, "Mass Intoxication from Over-Fluoridation in Drinking Water", Clinical Toxicology,
Vol 18, No.5, pp.531-541 (1981).

11. Fluorides diminish the intelligence capability of the human brain.

X.S.Li et al, Fluoride, Vol 26, No.4, pp.189-192, 1995, "Effect of Fluoride Exposure on Intelligence In
Children". Presented to the 20th Conference of the International Society for Fluoride Research, Beijing,
China, September 5-9, 1994.

12. Fluoride studies in rats can be indicative of a potential for motor disruption,
intelligence deficits, and learning disabilities in humans. Humans are exposed to
plasma levels of fluoride as high as those in rat studies. Fluoride involves
interruption of normal brain development. Fluoride affects the hippocampus in
the brain, which integrates inputs from the environment, memory, and
motivational stimuli, to produce behavioral decisions and modify memory.
(continued next page)
 Dr. David C. Kennedy

12. Experience with other developmental neurotoxicants prompts expectations that

changes in behavioral functions will be comparable across species, especially
humans and rats.
Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Vol 17, No,2, p.176, "Neurotoxicity of Sodium Fluoride in Rats",
Muellenix, Denbesten, Schunior, Kernan, 1995.

13. Fluorides accumulate in the brain over time to reach neurologically harmful
levels.
Neurotoxicology and Teratology, Vol 17, No,2, p.176, "Neurotoxicity of Sodium
Fluoride in Rats", Muellenix, Denbesten, Schunior, Kernan, 1995.

14. "Fluorides are general protoplasm poisons, with the capacity to modify the
metabolism of cells by inhibiting certain enzymes. Sources of fluoride intoxication
include drinking water containing 1ppm or more of fluorine."
Quote from: Journal of the American Medical Association, September 18, 1943.

15. "Drinking water containing as little as 1.2 ppm fluoride will cause developmental
disturbances. We cannot run the risk of producing such serious systemic
disturbances. The potentialities for harm outweigh those for good."
Quote from: Journal of the American Dental Association, Editorial, October 1, 1944.

● Other Facts about Fluoride

• The contents of a family-size tube of fluoridated toothpaste is enough to kill a 25-

pound child.
• In 1991, the Akron (Ohio) Regional Poison Centre reported that "death has been
reported following ingestion of 16mg/kg of fluoride. Only 1/10 of an ounce of fluoride
could kill a 100 pound adult." According to the Centre, "fluoride toothpaste contains up
to 1mg/gram of fluoride." Even Proctor and Gamble, the makers of Crest, acknowledge
that a family-sized tube, "theoretically contains enough fluoride to kill a small child."
• Fluorides have been used to modify behavior and mood of human beings. It is a little
known fact that fluoride compounds were added to the drinking water of prisoners to
keep them docile and inhibit questioning of authority, both in Nazi prison camps in
World War II and in the Soviet gulags in Siberia.
• Fluorides are medically categorized as protoplasmic poisons, which is why they are
used to kill rodents.
1943 The Journal of the American Medical Association on September 18, 1943, states,
"fluorides are general protoplasmic poisons, changing the permeability of the cell membrane by
inhibiting certain enzymes. The exact mechanism of such actions are obscure.".

• Fluoride consumption by human beings increases the general cancer death rate.
 Scientific Facts on the Biological Effects of Fluorides

In 1975 Dr. John Yiamouyiannis published a preliminary survey which shows that people in
fluoridated areas have a higher cancer death rate than those in nonfluoridated areas. The
National Cancer Institute attempts to refute the studies. Later in 1975, Yiamouyiannis joins with
Dr. Dean Burk, chief chemist of the National Cancer Institute (1939-1974) in performing other
studies which are then included in the Congressional Record by Congressman Delaney, who
was the original author of the Delaney Amendment, which prohibited the addition of cancer-
causing substances to food used for human consumption. Both reports confirmed the existence
of a link between fluoridation and cancer. (Note: Obviously Dr. Burk felt free to agree with
scientific truth only after his tenure at NCI ended, since his job depended on towing the party
line).

Authors Profile: Dr. David Kennedy, DDS, IAOMT

Dr. David Kennedy is Past President of the International Academy of Oral Medicine
and Toxicology (IAOMT) and served as this professional society's Fluoride Information
Officer. Dr. Kennedy maintained a private practice in dentistry in the City of San Diego
for over 20 years. He is also a professional member of the San Diego County Dental
Society (SDCDS), the California Dental Association (CDA), and the American Dental
Association (ADA).

Dr. Kennedy opposes the above organization's stances concerning the safety of
fluoride and further clarifies what an endorsement by any of these organizations
represents in his letter to the Board of Supervisors in the County of Santa Cruz,
California presented on the following pages. This letter was posted on the website
NoFluoride.com (Citizens for Safe Drinking Water - www.nofluoride.com). Dr. Kennedy's
letter is dated March 1, 1998.
 David C. Kennedy, DDS
2425 Third Avenue
San Diego. CA 92101
(619) 231-1624

Board of Supervisors
County of Santa Cruz
701 Ocean Street
Santa Cruz, CA 95060

RE: Drinking Water Fluoridation

March 1, 1998

Dear Supervisors,

I am David Kennedy, DDS. I am a preventive dentist. I have practiced dentistry in

San Diego for more than 20 years. My father and grandfather before me were also
dentists. I served on the board of the San Diego Better Business Bureau for over 10
years, and have been a member of the Centre City Optimist Club for 20 years as well. I
have been a member of the San Diego County Dental Society for over 20 years, and for
three years elected to the Board of Directors. I have participated on numerous
committees including. Senior Care, Speakers Bureau, Political Action Committee, and
the Council on Dental Care.
In 1974 Eddy Oriole and I planned and built the Chicano Children's Dental Health
Clinic at 1809 National Avenue. I care about children's dental health.
I am immediate Past President of International Academy of Oral Medicine and
Toxicology, the author of a book on preventive dental health entitled How to Save Your
Teeth, and a nationally and internationally recognized lecturer on toxicology and
restorative dentistry. I am intensely interested in the welfare of my patients and the
community at large. Although I am a member of the San Diego County Dental Society
(SDCDS), The California Dental Association (CDA) and the American Dental
Association (ADA), I must begin my statement by expressing my opposition to these
organization's stances concerning the safety of fluoride and further clarify what an
endorsement by any of these organizations represents.
1. CDA and ADA perform no research of their own.
2. These trade associations have successfully argued in court that they assume no legal
liability for any harm that may result from their recommendations.
3. Dental organizations are not responsible for studying adverse systemic effects of
water fluoridation. These issues are appropriately studied by medical researchers,
epidemiologists and toxicologists.
 Dr. David C. Kennedy Letter

4. CDA and ADA have never provided their members any large scale blinded studies
which prove that fluoridation reduces tooth decay. An expert for the ADA testified in
court that she was not aware of any blinded animal or broad based blinded human
epidemiological studies that has ever found a reduction in tooth decay from drinking
water with one part per million fluoride.
5. CDA and ADA have never polled their membership for their knowledge or opinion
of water fluoridation.

The two following examples clearly illustrate the depth and reliability of dentist's
understanding of this controversial issue.
A) Despite the local dental society's recommendation of water fluoridation, my
conversation with the President of the San Diego Dental Society, Dr. Joel Berick,
revealed that he was completely unaware of even the existence of numerous studies
linking water fluoridation to hip fracture.
B) An elderly dentist from Chula Vista took umbrage with my position opposing water
fluoridation. He claimed that, over the last 50 years in his practice, he had personally
witnessed the tremendous benefit of water fluoridation in Chula Vista. When I pointed
out that Chula Vista was a nonfluoridated community, he appeared disoriented and
mumbled, "It had to be the fluoride. Tooth decay is not nearly as prevalent as when I
began to practice 50 years ago."
The above summary is not intended to criticize the dental society, but rather to place
the dental trade organizations endorsements in their proper perspective.
Increasing the fluoride intake of a patient without regard to established risk factors
such as age, kidney function, weight, physical condition, water consumption, total
fluoride intake, and mitigating dietary calcium is medical negligence. Although the
courts have ruled that the state has the power to do so under police powers. mandating
fluoridation for 25 Million Californians or the entire city of Mountain View is no less
negligent.

Dental Fluorosis
The first visible sign of this negligence will be a doubling in dental fluorosis. The
cells that produce the collagen matrix, which forms enamel, are poisoned to the point
that they can no longer produce opalescent pearl-like enamel. Fluorotic enamel is
irregular in texture, porous, chalky white to brown in color, and brittle. In severe cases,
the enamel forms incompletely and corners easily break off the teeth.
All of the organizations promoting water fluoridation agree that dental fluorosis,
which is the first visible sign of systemic poisoning, increases with water fluoride
levels. The Legislative Office of Budget Management acknowledges that drinking water
fluoridation would increase disfiguring dental fluorosis, but since treatment of this
disease is not covered for children on welfare, calculated that there would be no
additional. cost to the state. Clearly they are not considering the enormous legal liability
for physical and psychological damage which accompany this disfiguring disease.
 Dr. David C. Kennedy Letter

The fact that the state will not spend money to correct this defect does not alter the
basic truth that fluorosis will have to be treated if the child is to be happy in our image
conscious society. Let's be clear about what children will be adversely affected. Bottle
fed babies are most likely to develop dental fluorosis. Mothers milk has virtually no
fluoride present. Those children who are deficient in intake of protein, calcium,
magnesium, phosphorous, and Vitamin C are especially vulnerable to fluoride
poisoning. The accumulation of fluoride is greatly increased if the person has impaired
kidney function. In short, the weakest members of our society, the undernourished, the
underfed, the very children that fluoridation was to allegedly benefit. In some poorer
communities as much as 80% of the children have fluorosis[1].
The correction of this permanent disfigurement involves crowns, laminates, bonding,
and bleaching. The physical, psychological, emotional, and financial costs of the
repeated trauma necessary to correct this condition far exceeds any projected benefit
that fluoridation can possibly produce. This is truly a case where the treatment is worse
than the problem. The incidence of dental fluorosis has steadily increased since the
introduction of fluoride to the drinking water in 1945. Since the introduction of fluoride
containing toothpaste the amount of fluorosis has dramatically risen[2]. Fluoride tablets
which deliver in prescription form the amount of fluoride alleged to be beneficial for
tooth decay, reduction cause dental fluorosis in 64% of the children (Pebbles 1974).
These same tablets if swallowed provide no protection against decay. If they are chewed
and dissolved in the mouth, they do appear to reduce decay[3]. The effect is topical[4].

Hip Fracture
Fluoride has been tested on humans for the purpose of treating osteoporosis. The
theory was that fluoride would strengthen bones. What the researchers found was that it
did increase bone mass; however, the bone was much more brittle -- leading to a
dramatic increase in hip fracture[5]. Numerous studies have linked long term
consumption of fluoridated water to increased risk of hip fracture.[6]
This is not a small matter, it is about life and death. The surgical cost of repairing a
hip fracture is $35,000. 25% of the victims die in the first 30 days. Only 11% of the
victims ever return to independent living. 100% of the victims are debilitated and few, if
any, of the elderly ever regain their former ability to walk normally. The research
clearly shows that water Fluoridation increases the number of people who will suffer
this devastating injury.
Nine of thirteen studies show a correlation between hip fracture and fluoridation,
including four published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in the last
five years. In matters as serious as the health of our nation, no risk is acceptable if it is
avoidable.

Cancer
Research has shown in numerous studies that fluoride is a mutagen (genetic
damage), a carcinogen (cancer causing), and cancer promoting in laboratory cell
studies, animals, and humans. In 1990 the Congress-ordered National Toxicological
Program (NTP) found bone cancers in male rats.
 Dr. David C. Kennedy Letter

Cancer (continued)
The test animals, in the words of the board certified pathologists, "were awash with
disease." T he high dose animals had kidney failure and cancers of their lips, cheeks,
throats, livers, and bones. The highest rates of cancer were found in the highest dose
animals. The lucky rats and mice that drank the distilled fluoride free water had no
significant disease. When the actual data indicated a causal relationship between
fluoride and bone cancer the NTP down-graded the results to "equivocal."

Dr. William Marcus, former senior science advisor at the office of drinking water
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), concluded that the NTP studies proved
fluoride was a carcinogen[7]. In July 1997 the National Federation of Federal
Employees. the Union representing all of the scientists, toxicologists and statisticians at
EPA headquarters, also stated that "Our members review of the body of evidence over
the last eleven years, including animal and human epidemiological studies, indicate a
causal link between fluoride/fluoridation and cancer, genetic damage, neurological
impairment, and bone pathology. Of particular concern are recent epidemiological
studies linking fluoride exposure to lower 1.0. in children.[8]

Political protection for fluoride is not new. The Spin Doctors of fluoridation
routinely minimize the peer-reviewed documented scientific research by setting up
biased review committees, which then publish their own opinion claiming that
fluoridation is safe, without regard to the original findings. The US Public Health
Service has been accused of scientific fraud by the National Federation of Federal
Employees over the cover-up of the cancer/fluoride link.
After the NJ Department of Health documented a dramatic increase in bone cancers
in young men who resided in their fluoridated cities, New Jersey Assemblyman John V.
Kelly asked the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the evidence they relied upon
in approving prescription fluoride drops and tablets.
The FDA responded that no application for approval, or studies of safety or
effectiveness, had ever been submitted and that they were not in possession of any such
evidence. Ask yourself for another example of a prescription drug on the United States
market (30 plus years) for which no FDA Application has ever been submitted.
When pressured as to why he did not remove the drops and tablets from the market
Frank R. Fazzari, Chief of Prescription Drug Compliance reportedly expressed concern
for his position and recommended Assemblyman Kelly sue him in order to have a
Federal Judge make him comply with congressional law.
The new Food and Drug required warning should provide some clarification as to the
safety of fluoride. The FDA now requires all toothpaste containing fluoride to have the
following warning attached, "WARNING: Keep out of reach of children under 6 years
of age. In case of accidental ingestion, seek professional assistance or contact a Poison
Control Center immediately." The amount to be used in brushing is a pea sized amount
or about 1 milligram. One liter of water in a fluoridated community will contain one
milligram.
 Dr. David C. Kennedy Letter

Tooth Decay Costs Savings

All of the recent large scale studies have found no relationship to tooth decay and
water fluoride levels. Earlier studies that are often cited by fluoridation promoters are
transparently flawed. The examiners were not standardized or blinded. There are no
randomized controlled blinded studies of animals or humans that have ever found a
reduction in decay from ingesting fluoride. On the contrary, all of the recent large-scale
studies have failed to show any significant reduction.

Studies of fluoride have confirmed that the effect it has on tooth decay reduction is
not systemic. The effect is not produced by swallowing the toxic substance, but is in
fact a topical effect upon the bacteria that live in the mouth and cause tooth decay. It
poisons them. The design of the experiment leaves little doubt -as to the results. Cavity-
prone rats were given fluoride in two ways. One group got fluoride in the mouth from a
time release tablet bonded to the outer surface of the tooth. The other group got the
same amount administered in a slow pump under the skin. The oral dose of fluoride
produced some reduction in decay over controls, but the systemic exposure did not
reduce tooth decay at all. However, the poisonous nature of fluoride does not change
when ingested.

Animals fed sugar-water and fluoride fare no better in terms of tooth decay than
animals fed sugar-water alone. Human tooth decay is linked to diet, sugar intake, tooth
brushing technique, hours of sunlight, parental education, and family income. These
variables must be considered in order to produce accurate results.

In the largest study of tooth decay in America, there was no significant difference in
the decay rates of 39,000 fluoridated, partially fluoridated, and non fluoridated children,
ages 5 to 17, surveyed in that 84 city study. The decayed missing or filled rate in non-
fluoridated Los Angeles was not significantly different than fluoridated San Francisco.
In fact, the lowest decay rate was found in non-fluoridated Buhler, KS.

Comparing the State of California 1994 non-weighted dental costs for the 14 largest
counties reveals that counties 90% fluoridated spent on average $121.93 per eligible
recipient for treatment of tooth decay, and counties with less than 10% fluoridation
spent only $118.33 per eligible recipient.

Weighted 1995 California per Eligible Welfare Recipient Dental Costs

CA Counties 90 -100 % Fluoridated $125.27
CA Counties 0.5- 10% Fluoridated $107.26

With less than 17% of the state fluoridated, California children have fewer cavities
than the nation as a whole. Where is the alleged proof of safety and effectiveness?
Why are the costs of dental care higher in fluoridated areas?
 Dr. David C. Kennedy Letter

This public health fraud will result only in increased misery-- kidney disease, hip fractures,
cancers and even death to its many unfortunate victims. Not only will fluoridation not reduce
the dental care costs, it will exponentially increase the fluorotic damage to underprivileged
children.

Sincerely,

David C. Kennedy, D.D.S.

DCK/hs
Enclosed: Fluoride Fact Sheet
America Overdosed
P.S. The attached Fluoride Fact sheet has the scientific documentation to back up each of the
6 proven effects of fluoride.
Upon request the actual studies to support each statement will be happily provided.

References
[1] Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride, National Research Council, pg 37, (1993).
[2] D. Christopher Clark. DDS, MPH Appropriate use of fluorides for children: guidelines from the
Canadian Workshop on the Evaluation of Current Recommendations Concerning Fluorides. J. Canadian
Medical Association Vol. 149 #12 (1993).
[3] J.M. ten Cate & J. D.B. Featherstone Mechanistic Aspects of the Interactions Between Fluoride and
Dental Enamel Critical Reviews in Oral Biology and Medicine 2(2.):283-296 (1991).
[4] J. D. Featherstone. The Mechanism of Dental Decay Nutrition Today May 1987.
[5] Riggs BL, Hodson SF, O'fallon WM, et al. Effect of fluoride treatment on the fracture rate in post
menopausal women with osteoporosis. NEJM 1990: 322:802-809.
[6] References for Fact #6.
[7] Marcus Memo May 1 1990 (enclosed).
[8] Letter dated July 2, 1997 to Citizens for Safe Drinking Water (enclosed).
1) Jacobsen SJ, Goldberg J, Miles TP. Brody JA, et al. Regional variation in the incidence of hip
fractures: U.S. white women aged 65 years and older. JAMA Vol. 264, pp. 500-502 (1990).
2) Cooper C, Wickham CAC, Barker DJR, and Jacobsen SJ. Water fluoridation and hip fracture (letter].
JAMA Vol. 266. pp. 513-514, 1991.
3) Danielson C, Lyon IL, Egger M, and Goodenough GK. Hip fractures and fluoridation in Utah's elderly
population. JAMA Vol. 268, pp. 746-748 (1992)
4) journal of the American Medical Association Vol. 273, pp. 775-776 (1995).
5) Jacobsen SJ, Goldberg J, Cooper C, and Lockwood SA. The association between water fluoridation
and hip fracture among white women and men aged 65 years and older: A national ecologic study. Ann
Epidemiol 1992: 2:617-226.
6) Sowers MFR. Clark MK, Jannausch ML and Wallce RB. A prospective study of bone mineral content
and fracture in communities with differential fluoride exposure. Am J Epidemiol 1991:133:649-60.
7) Keller C. Fluorides in Drinking Water. Paper presented at the Workshop on Drinking Water Fluoride
influence on Hip Fractures and Bone Health. April 10, 1991 1, Bethesda, Md.
8) May, DS and Wilson MG. Hip fractures in relation to water fluoridation: an ecologic analysis.
Presented at the Workshop on Drinking Water Fluoride Influence on Hip Fractures and Bone Health.
April 10, 1991, Bethesda, Md.