onerhon O Kenauiasane

ilian onarnsdrm
Q2 l y dud Konas4anuhigui u daly

Q3.Explain tsdlewug lauas

KonaLdOnL
aCapl ConLlatunsple

(b ecuie e L e d a l s n
ONen Teade Rouliy

CSpitEnquuu
(e ventsi ihinkeg lhens
A hal uias ho_mpad Kuadau

(@Ask
peu Aaleeaah jwnada de
Ynu
dsualuiu -aual e n a ulha-
akaLpdas
cSaene- 2peua lenenu Cent

n onapd En {UM NLL:

DEFINITION

MEANS REBIRTH OR REVIVAL

TRANSITIONAL MOVEMENT IN EURCOPE
BETWEEN MEDIEVAL AND MODERN TIMES

BEGAN IN 14TH CENTURY IN ITALY AND

LASTED TILL THE 17TH CENTURY
IT STOOD FOR HUMANISTICREVIVAL OF
CLASSICAL GREEK AND ROMAN LEARNING
THIS LED TO REMARKABLE CHANGES IN
EUROPE IN FIELD OF ARTS,LITERATURE
RELIGION,SCIENCE etc.
MARKED THE BEGINNING OF THE MODERN
ERA
 iueldi
ani lesmdlddldinsmetitnne
al

Renaissance begins in Italy

H H

FIOITROMASEMPIRE
0
Cly
RepubiklLx
Renaissance began in ltaly
Mhntles
SAVO Italy was made up ofmanysmall,
rin
powerful city-states- Venice,
FTOMANTM
Florence, Milan

SIN Why Italy?

A.Center of old Roman Empire, close
KINGDKIM to classic civilizations
OFNAMIIS
B. Catholic Church and wealthy
OvaetD merchants were patrons
Tirrheja
(Supporters) of the arts
cCenter oftrade with other regions
Salr provided wealth,
Mrditene8(an Nea
exchange of ideas
urban trading cities
center of banking
 and Poland.
education and mode
Humanism is a system of 13th
beween the RENAISSANCE
of enquiry that originated
in CAUSES OF THE
centuries ct. It
later disseminated
not break out in Europe all
and 14th
This term is The Renaissance did
and England.
continental Europe
Western philosophies, of a sudden. Several causes had been at work
also used for set of to usher in the
a
on for about 200 years spirit o
beliefs and methods
that lay emphasis factors as follow:
Renaissance. We can study these
human interest, values
and spirit.
of Constantinople
roots in Italy, becauseCapture
The Renaissance first took of Romar
Rome was the headquarters
of the Pope() Constantinople was a great, centre
classical learning civilisation and culture.lkWas captured by jha
who became a patron ot Epe
koman
e E
anel toplal
(i) 2F whoa Padge hetu
H-74
cank
twr Aka aad bocamean npotdt
TAADE +EDUCA TiS.
 LTN HERET
Ottoman Turks in 1453 CE
and with it, the debts, they had to sell off
Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) cam their lands to pay
to an end.The lurks did not have a ack these debts.This led to the break-up ot
liberal teudalism Furthermore, great disasters such as
OUtlook. Theretore Greek scholars trom the the Black
Death, the Hundred Years War and
Byzantine Empire tled to the European countries the War of Roses led
to the decline of teudal
for protecfion and patronage Most of them lite and prepared the
went to Italy, as Italy was well known for her social system. ground for a revival of the
ove of learning.eThese scholars carried with
them their New Trade Routes
invaluable manuscripts and books
and inspired the people to stugy the After the faill of
classica Constantinople, the trade which
literature. lhese scholars were men of Tberal was
being carried out between the West and the
Outlook and rational spirit. East through Constantinople came to a standstill.
Wherever they went,
fhey spread their progressive ideas, The spread While the Europeans were keen that this trade
ofethese liberal ideals gll over Europe marked should continue, the Turks did not
provide any
facilities for the continuation of this trade. The
the beginning ot a new intellectual movement,
which came to be known as Renaissance. Thus, European kings and governments, therefore,
thetall of Constantinople proved to be a blessing encouraged voyages ot discovery. As a result,
ipdisguise tor the Europeans. many new sea routes, which were outside the
area of influence of the Turks, were discovered
Decline of Feudalism In 1492 CE, Christopher Columbus set out to
Feudalism was an important feature of medieval discover a western sea route to the East Indies
Europet was a social, political and economic and instead reached the Americas. Vasco da
system, which was based on the principles ot Gama reached India in 1498 CE and Magellan
protection, serVices and payments. If was a started his circumnavigation of the world in
chain of obligation and defence where the rulers 1519 CE. Due to these discoveries, contacts with
the East developed and people became more
granted lands to the nobles loverlords)in lieu of adventurous.
tributes and military service Nobles, in turn, had
vassals who were tenants and swore their tedity Spirit of Enquiry
(allegiance to them
(nobles).Peasants were thW.During the Middle Ages,..ii, was the Church
boffom rank of this hierarchicalstructure. Most of that controlled education 'Kiówledge imparted
them were required to work on the land of the
through the Church authorities had to be
lord and give him their homage and a share of without any questioning.However theacceptd advent
the produce, notionally in exchange of proBection. of the modern fimes encouraged a sCienfiic
he feudal system was opposed to progress temperament and a spirit ot enquiry among
However, it declined in the 13th and 14th centuries the scholars, and they began to challenge, the
E because of the impact of the Crusades, the age-old beliets af the ChurcTndependent
ise of towns, emergence of strong monarchies,
the impact of new ideas and the use of money.
hinkers such as Roger Bacon and Giordanoa
Bruno staked their ives in championing truth.
Development of trade and commerce led to The spirit of enquiry was one ot
the foremoe.aRD
Ise inprices. The craftsmen, merchants and causes of the
Renaissance PETER,cewdM.
ermers benefited from these rising prices Jhe2
udal lords could not increase the rents from Invention of the Printing Press
eir subordinates and had to borrow mongy Perhaps no other factor did as much for the
maintain themselves On the accumulation ot Spread of the Renaissance as the inyention of
7
H-75 AU Kumaw aivtiis,munla
and Rhyauial e cConholld and u
k alkouy f o Chunh
 During the Renaissance, a desire for new trade
NEW TRADE ROUTES routes to Asia led to an Age of Exploration
AFTER FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE IN 1453THE TRADE
CLOSED
ROUTES BETWEEN WEST AND EAST WERE
FACILITATING THIS
THE TURKS WERE NOT INTERESTED IN 19
FOR THE EUROPEANS
ARCTIC OCEAN
TRADERS AND
AS ARESULT,THE EUROPEAN Europesn trsders scek
DISCOVERING NEW
NAVIGATORS FELTTHE NEED FOR Columbus seek ENGLAND
added profits from direct

ses routes lo Asia. 1490 SikRoad te be

routebtveen Asa and Eur
Indies, creates link
SEA ROUTES NORTHAwith the Americas. EUROPE Sik Ros
AMERICA
NAVIGATORS FROM SPAIN AND PORTUGAL PLAYED
AN IMP res American
nos Tor England.
PORTUGALisN, ASIA
PACIF
OCEA
GEOGRAPHICAL TRADE ROUTE
ROLE IN THESE and
Bahamu 1492 olumbu
NDIES
DISCOVERIES 1521
por
77-1380
Drake S ATLANTIC nland i in
dean S e OCEAN
SEA ROUTE TO AFRICA(WAS AFRICA CU

PRINCE HENRY.DISCOVEREDA PACIFICSee pge75 1 4 9 7 - 1 3 9 2a a m

FROM PORTUGAL) OCEAN h e Amcrica INDIAN

RUATO2 UCOS.
OCEAN
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE AT
BARTHOLOMEWDIAZ REACHED sOUTH
AMERICA
degourA1580 Drake
SOUTHERNMOST POINT OF AFRICA c r e w

1319-1522Mag

AMERICA IN 1492 t AUSTRALIA

cOLUMBUS DISCOVERED
TO WESTERN COAST OF
1519-1522 Magel an Western European
Explorations by Sea
1498VASCO DA GAMA SAILED Da Gamas finds the
1490-1

INDIA(CALICUT) first European route G*of

Good Hoppe unds knowm by
61519 Rejected by Portugal o he inoies by
sea.
Europeans in 1490
seeks spice Isands
THE Magellan for Portugal
VOYAGE ROUND
FERDINAND MAGELLIN MADE AOCEAN HE CALLED THE
for Spain. Cpe
Horn
soUTHERN_OCEAN for Spain
WORLD IN1519 AND REACHED for England
PACIFIC OCEAN -Trade route

DISCOVERIES CONTACT BEGAN AGAIN

THUS, WITH THESE
TRADE RENEWED AND
BETWEEN EAST AND WESTAND
ADVENTURE AND
ALSO CREATED THE SPIRIT OF
BROADENED THE MENTAL HORIZON
INVENTIONOF THE
PRINTING PRESS
RENAISSANCE
HELPED IN SPREAD OF

JOHANNES GUTENBERG OF GERMANY SET UP

THE
FIRST PRINTING PRESS IN 1455
AND LATER
WILLIAM CAXTON INTRODUCED IT IN ENGLAND IN
1476
EARLIER MANUSCIPTS HAD
TO BE COPIED MANUALLY
OF TIME
AND IT WOULD TAKE A LOT
ALSO HIGH
THE COST OF BOOKS WAS
COPYING AND THE
ERRORS ALSO CREPT DURING
NUMBER WAS ALSO LESS

NOW WITH THE INVENTIONS BOOKSWERE

PRINTED FASTER AND IN LARGE NUMBERS
WITHOUT ERRORS
THUS, KNOWLEDGE SPREAD FARAND WIDE AND
SCHOLARS FOUND IT EASIER TO READ PRINTED
BOOKS AND NOWTHE COST OE BOOKS CAME
DOWNAND PUTTHEM WITHIN REACH OE
COMMON PEOPLE

THUS, THE PRINTING PRESS AND DISTRIBUTION OF

BOOKS INFLUENCED PEOPLE'S ATTITUDE AND
BROUGHT ABOUTA NEW AWAKENING IN EUROPE
IMPACTON
LITERATURE

RENAISSANCE HAD TWO-FOLD IMPACT ON

LITERATURE

LEDTO A NEW VIEW OF THE WORLD AS WELL

AS OF HUMANITY
EARLIER WRITERS DWELT ON SPIRITUAL
THEMES BUT NOWIT REVOLVED AROUND
MAN AND HIS JOYS AND SORROWS AND THE
RIGHTTOPLEASURE AND SATISFACTION OF
EARTHLY DESIRES AND NEEDS--HUMANISM
LED TO EMERGENCE OF LOCAL LANGUAGES
INSTEAD OF LATIN LIKE
FRENCH.SPANISH.GERMAN.DUTCH etc
WILLIAM
SHAKESPEARE
GREATEST WRITER,POET,DRAMATIST IN ENGLISHH
LITERATURE
CALLED ENGLAND'S NATIONAL POET AND' BARD OF AVON
HE WROTE 38 PLAYS,AND 154 SONNETS
FAMOUS PLAYS ARE THE MERCHANT OF VENICE,
AS YOU LIKE
ITTHE COMEDY OF ERRORS-COMEDIES
WROTE TRAGEDIES LIKE ROMEO AND JULIET, KING
LEAR.OTHELLO, MACBETH etc
ALSO WROTE
HISTORICAL DRAMA'S-RICHARDII, HENRY
VHENRYI
HIS WORK TRANSCENDS CULTURE AND HE
APPEALS TO
EMOTIONS AND THOUGHTS THAT ARE A PART OF HUMAN
NATURE AND THUS HAVE AUNIVERSAL APPEAL
IMPACT ON ART
ARTWAS LOOKED UPON AS
IMITATION OF LIFE
CLOSELY OBSERVED NATURE
AND MANN

STUDIED HUMAN ANATOMY

MINUTELY EVEN GESTURES
ANDEXPRESSIONSS
FOR THE ARTISTWORLD WAS
NOW A PLACE OF BEAUTY

PURPOSE OF ART WAS TO

GIVE PLEASURE TO SENSES
 LEONARDO DA
VINCI
GREAT ITALIAN PAINTER,SCULPTORMUSICIAN AND A
SCIENTIST
SAW SCIENCE AND ART AS COMPLEMENTARY,IDEAS
FORMULATED IN ONE SHOULD INFORM THE OTHER

SPENT A LOT OF TIME IMMERSED IN

NATURE,TESTING SCIENTIFIC LAWS,DISSECTING
BODIES

HIS MASTERPIECES IN PAINTINGS ARE

VIRGIN OF THE ROCKS-SHOWS VIRGIN MARY
CHRIST AND SAINT JOHN IN ROCKY LANDSCAPE
THE LAST SUPPER-ON THE CHRISTIAN THEME OF
SUPPER CHRIST HAD WITH HIS 12
HE ANNOUNCES ONE DISCIPLES,WHERE
WOUL BETRAY HIM,SHOWS
SURPRISE,HORROR AND GUILT ON THE FACE OF HIS
DISCIPLES

MONALISA-PAINTING
INTRIGUING
OF AWOMAN WITH
AN
EXPRESSION AND HUMAN FORM
PAINTINGS OFLEONARDO
 IMPACT ON
MODERN SCIENCE
EARLIER IT WAS THAT ALLVIEWS EVEN ON
SCIENCE ARE TO BE SUPPORTED BY
THE SCRIPTURES AUTHORITY OF

NOW SCIENTISTS BELIEVED ALL VIEWS ON

SCIENCE SHOULD BE BASED ON
OBSERVATION,QUESTIONING
EXPERIMENTATION
AND
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS-POLISH SCIENTIST
MATHEMATICIAN AND ASTRONOMER
HE PROPOSED NEW
ASTRONOMICAL PRINCIPLES
THAT SHOCKED THE CHURCH

EARLIER IT WAS BELIEVED THAT EARTH WAS

FLAT AND ALL HEAVENLY BODIES REVOLVED
AROUNDIT
COPERNICUS NOW STATED THAT EARTH WAS
ROUND AND MOVES AROUND THE SUN
SUN IS THE CENTER OF THE PLANETARY
SYSTEM
THISCAME TO BE KNOWN AS THE
THEORY COPERNICAN
A HUGE REVOLUTION AND CHANGED THIKING OF
OTHER SCIENTISTS LIKE GALILEO AND
NEWTON