FINAL Bulletin Innovate 10 2017

ADMINISTRATION
Dean Head, Centre for Automotive Research

Prof. Dato’ Ir. Dr. Abdul Wahab Mohammad Prof. Ir. Dr. Shahrum Abdullah
Deputy Dean (Research & Innovation) Head, Sustainable Urban Transport

Prof. Dr. Mohd Zaidi Omar Research Centre
Prof. Dr. Amiruddin Ismail (15 th February
Deputy Dean (Undergraduate & Alumni) 2016 until 20 th December 2016)
Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd Syuhaimi Ab. Rahman Prof. Dato’ Ir. Dr. Wan Hamidon Wan
Badaruzzaman (effective 1 st January 2017)
Deputy Dean (Postgraduate &
International Relations) Head, Centre for Sustainable Process
Prof. Dr. Siti Masrinda Tasirin Technology
Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd. Sobri Takriff
Head of Quality Assurance
Prof. Dr. Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri (1 st May Senior Executive
2015 until 29 th February 2016) Mr. Mohd Faris Ngadinin @ Adinin
Prof. Ir. Dr. Fatihah Suja’ (effective 15 th Mac Mr. Zulhaidi Amil (until 1 st March 2016)
2016) Mrs. Azlin Hashim (effective 1 st March 2016)
Head of Industry & Community Partnerships Editorial Board

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Siti Aminah Osman
Chief Editor
Head of Student & Alumni Affairs Prof. Dr. Mohd Zaidi Omar
Assoc. Prof. Noorhisham Tan Kofli
Editors
Head, Department of Civil & Structural Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Rozli Zulkifli
Engineering Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Rosdiadee Nordin
Prof. Dr. Noor Ezlin Ahmad Basri Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zulkifli Mohd Nopiah
Dr. Mohd Farid Mohamed
Head, Department of Electrical, Electronic Dr. Suraya Shahril
& Systems Engineering Dr. Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak
Prof. Dr. Norbahiah Misran Mr. Azhari Shamsudeen
Mr. Mohd Huzairi Johari
Head, Department of Chemical & Process Mr. Muhamad Fadle Mohamad Abu Sadin
Engineering Ms. Siti Hajar Mohammad
Prof. Ir. Dr. Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
Head, Department of Mechanical & The Research Bulletin is published once a

Materials Engineering year by Faculty of Engineering and Built
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zainuddin Sajuri Environment, UKM. We are pleased to invite
members to contribute their articles to our
Head, Department of Architecture bulletin. Articles can be submitted to:
Dr. Nik Lukman Nik Ibrahim (12 th July 2014
until 11 th July 2016) Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
Dr. Mohd Farid Mohamed (effective 12 th Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
July 2016) Tel : +603-89118007/8312
Fax : +603-89252546
Coordinator for Unit of Fundamental Email : tdpenyelidikanfkab@ukm.edu.my
Engineering Studies
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zulkifli Mohd. Nopiah An electronic version of the Research
Bulletin and guidelines to authors are
Head, Centre for Engineering Education archived at www.ukm.my/jurutera
Research
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Roszilah Hamid
Foreword by Dean
It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FKAB),
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and our tenth research bulletin, INNOVATE for 2017. At the faculty
we are focused on nurturing and developing professional educators and researchers. With UKM being a
research university (RU), research activities are top priority for all academic staff. Towards this end, the
faculty members have been working very hard to obtain research grants from various sources and to
produce research outputs that would be of high standards. Furthermore, our researchers are active in
publishing research article in high impact journal quartile 1 (Q1) and quartile 2 (Q2) as reported in Journal
Citation Report (JCR) published by Thomson Reuters. Last year it was reported that 30% from overall
indexed journal publication by FKAB members were published in Q1 and Q2 journal. In term of UKM as a
whole, FKAB contributed almost 25% publication in Q1 and Q2 journal.
The tremendous achievements from our researchers are giant steps towards attaining world class
excellence in the field of research. The Faculty’s achievements and development would not be possible
without the significant contributions of its members and support from the university. Therefore, I would
like to take this opportunity to thank all individuals in the faculty for their continued efforts in driving the
faculty towards academic and research excellence.
I hope that you will enjoy reading INNOVATE and wish you a good year ahead. If you have any feedback or
suggestions, please feel free to contact our editorial team.
Thank you.
Prof. Dato’ Ir. Dr. Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Dean Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
Editorial Note
W elcome to the tenth volume of INNOVATE ! This annual bulletin is an effort from the Faculty of
Engineering and Built Environment (FKAB), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia to highlight research
activities among our researchers. This edition, also contains current research activities, research
achievements, list of successful research projects, publications and intellectual properties (IPs) from our
faculty members for 2016. It has proven to be a powerful means to communicate our research outputs
and create future collaborations. Therefore, I highly encourage contributions from FKAB researchers to
INNOVATE. Let us work together to ensure high quality information and attractive ideas are effectively
disseminated to our readers.
On behalf of FKAB, I hope that this volume will enable researchers, students, stakeholders and the
community as a whole to be aware of the latest trends and findings in engineering and built environment
research. I would also like to invite friends and colleagues from the industry, research institution and
academia to collaborate with us on this exciting journey. Finally, I hope that the bulletin will be informative
and valuable to our reader. INNOVATE not only highlights the new innovative research news in the faculty,
but most importantly, it reflects the faculty’s achievements and success stories.
Thank you and enjoy reading!
Prof. Dr. Mohd Zaidi Omar

Deputy Dean (Research and Innovation)
TABLE OF
CONTENT
Special Highlight
01 Future Biorefineries: Unlocking the Potential of Fine Chemicals and
Value Added Byproducts (CESPRO)
2
CAISERTM (Computer Assisted Intelligent Event Processor) 6
Establishment of Tropical Climbers Shading Performance for Green 12

Facade (JSB)
02
Current Research
Characteristics of Extra Polymer Characteristics
Substance (EPS)ofExtracted
Extra Polymer
from Substance (EPS) Extracted from 18
Formed Biofilm on Sewer Sediment Formed Biofilm on Sewer Sediment
Heritage Refurbishment Assessment

Heritage
Scheme
Refurbishment
(HeRAS) Assessment Scheme (HeRAS) 19
Toward Malaysia Green IndustryToward

with Low
Malaysia
CarbonGreen
Emission
Industry
by with Low Carbon Emission by 21
Implementing Supply Chain Management
Role of RFID Technology as an Evolving

Role of Catalyst
RFID Technology
for Lean as an Evolving Catalyst for Lean 23
Implementation in SMEs to Enrich
Implementation
Customer Benefits
in SMEs to Enrich Customer Benefits
Unidirectional Kenaf Fiber Reinforced

Unidirectional
Polylactic-Acid
Kenaf Fiber
Composites
Reinforced
for Polylactic-Acid Composites for 25
Automotive Interior ComponentAutomotive
ApplicationInterior Component Application
Two Component Powder Injection Two Molding

Component
(2C-PIM)
Powder
of Stainless
Injection Molding (2C-PIM) of Stainless 27
Steel (SS17-4PH) and Yttria Stabilised
Steel (SS17-4PH)
Zirconia (3YSZ)
and Yttria Stabilised Zirconia (3YSZ)
PIV Measurements of Vortex Structure

PIV Measurements
Around Anti of
Vortex
Vortex
Device
Structure Around Anti Vortex Device 29
(AVD) at Pump Suction Inlet (AVD) at Pump Suction Inlet
Strengthening Behaviour of HighStrengthening

Pressure Torsion
Behaviour of High Pressure Torsion 31
Processed-Aluminium Alloy UsingProcessed-Aluminium
Finite Element Approach
Alloy Using Finite Element Approach
Analysis Of Corrosion Behavior Under

Analysis
Loading
Of Corrosion
Using Boundary
Behavior Under Loading Using Boundary 33
Element Method And PolarizationElement
Measurement
Method And Polarization Measurement
Fatigue Life Assessment of AlSi10Mg:

Fatigue
A Powder
Life Assessment
Bed Laser-fused
of AlSi10Mg: A Powder Bed Laser-fused 35
Material Material
Peridynamic Model for Viscoelastic

Peridynamic
Creep andModel
Fracture
for Viscoelastic
Behaviours Creep and Fracture Behaviours 37
Fabrication of a Cobalt-free Cathode

Fabrication
for an of a Cobalt-free Cathode for an 39
Intermediate-temperature SolidIntermediate-temperature
Oxide Fuel Cell Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Adaptive mesh refinement of Fluid-structure
Adaptive mesh Interaction
refinement using
of Fluid-structure
40 Interaction using
Immersed Boundary Method Immersed Boundary Method
A Home for Children with Autism:A Home for Children with Autism: 42
Residential Spaces Intervention Residential
in Malaysia Spaces Intervention in Malaysia
Identifying Local Setting throughIdentifying

Motifs of Traditional
Local Setting
Woodcarving
through Motifs of 43
Traditional Woodcarving
Development of Strategies for Sustainable

DevelopmentBuilding
of Strategies
Design using
for Sustainable 44
Building Design using
Traditional Malay House ConceptTraditional Malay House Concept
A Method for Fabricating a Hot-wire

A Method
Probefor
Sensing
Fabricating
Elementa Hot-wire Probe45
Sensing Element
Investigating the Durability Performance

Investigating
of a the
Lightweight
DurabilityBallistic
Performance of47
a Lightweight Ballistic
Resistance Panel for Armoured Vehicles
Adsorption-Fenton Oxidation Reactions

Adsorption-Fenton
for In Situ Detoxification
Oxidation Reactions for48
In Situ Detoxification
Pilot-scale Integrated Pre-treatment/Membrane

Pilot-scale Integrated
Filtration
Pre-treatment/Membrane
System for 49 Filtration System for
Aerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
AerobicTreatment
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment
Effective and Economic Disinfection

Effective
Technology
and Economic
for Sewage
Disinfection Technology
50 for Sewage
Treatment Treatment
Palm Oil Mill Biogas Reactor Effluent

PalmConcentration
Oil Mill Biogas for
Reactor
Production
EffluentofConcentration
51 for Production of
Organic Fertiliser and Water Reclamation
Organic Fertiliser
Using anand
Integrated
Water Reclamation Using an Integrated
Forward Osmosis Membrane ProcessForward Osmosis Membrane Process
Developing Skills Teachers Competency

Developing
Model
Skills
in Teachers
the Malaysian
Competency
Skills Model
52 in the Malaysian Skills
Certification System Certification System
Development of Framework for Development

the Generation
ofof
Framework
Engineering
for the Generation
53 of Engineering
Concept Design Ideas Concept Design Ideas
Development and Effectiveness Development

Evaluation of Zero
and Effectiveness
Emission Evaluation 55
of Zero Emission
Technology (Fuel Cell) Learning and
Technology
Facilitation
(Fuel
Modules
Cell) Learning
for Schools
and Facilitation Modules for Schools
in Malaysia in Malaysia
Low Temperature Catalytic Conversion

Low Temperature
of Carbon Dioxide
Catalyticinto
Conversion
Fuels of Carbon
57 Dioxide into Fuels
and Chemicals and Chemicals
Biological Cell Model MembraneBiological

for Antibacterial
Cell Model
Resistance
Membrane for Antibacterial
58 Resistance
Assessment Assessment
03
Research Activities 59
High Impact Journal Publication (2016) 73
04
research awards 2016 89
05
93
06
success & recognition 2016
07
research project 2016 103
performance of research project and publications 2015-2016 117

08
intellectual property 2016

09
123
popular writings
10 The Quest Towards Autonomous Drones 128
Managing Waste Bins by Using Geospatial Application 130
Crystal @ SME Programme: Developing Innovative Minds in Schools & 132
Universities
Tribology in Malaysia: General Perspective 134
Application of Aquatic Plants drom Tasik Chini in Waste and 136
Industrial/Domestic Wastewater Treatment
SPECIAL
HIGHLIGHTS
SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS
2
Future Biorefineries: Unlocking the Potential of Fine Chemicals and

Value Added By-products
T he commercial productions of replacements for chemicals, plastics, and fuels from bio
based feedstocks using technologies such as biochemical and thermochemical conversion
are now established globally with annual production of hundreds of thousands of tonnes.
Malaysia has a comparative advantage in bio-refining. The climate and agriculture sector
ensure a large supply of biomass materials that can be used to produce chemicals and
fuels. The production of bio based products was identified as an area of increased focus in
Malaysia through the introduction of the National Biomass Strategy (NBS).
To support the nation’s aspiration, we have shifted exploration towards research on Future
Biorefineries. This Future Biorefineries under Long-Term Research Grant Scheme (LRGS)
programme consist of multi-disciplinary team of experts investigating in six main areas on
the future Biorefineries with the following research objectives:

1. To optimise the technological conversion 3. To develop advanced technologies in
platforms for development of biorefineries downstream processing to enhance the
for production of sugar-based products, value added products of biorefineries;
precursors and fine chemicals; 4. To recommend economic and
2. To map out technical and business socioeconomic policies to enhance the
strategies to ensure that the National strategic interest of the biomass industry.
Biomass Strategy can be implemented
effectively;
Research and development in Future Biorefineries has been conducted for production of
varieties of biorefinery products since 2013. The research work carried out in this project
provides a significant step in opening new opportunities and pathways towards innovative
and sustainable biomass industry in Malaysia.
Figure 1. Biorefinery concept
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
3
FINANCIAL & HUMAN RESOURCES

The future biorefineries research programme received RM 6.751 million funding from
the Ministry of Higher Education. The manpower for the research programme came from
institutions such as USM, UTP, UNMC, UMT, UMP, UTM, UPM, MONASH UNIVERSITY, UM,
UNITEN, CURTIN UNIVERSITY and UTAR with the involvement of 44 researchers and 70
postgraduate students.
STRATEGIC SUB-PROGRAMME RESEARCH AREAS
PROJECT 1: BIOCHEMICAL PLATFORM FOR PRODUCTION OF BIO BASED FINE

CHEMICALS.
The ultimate objective of this project is to produce high value precursor and chemicals,
which are succinic acid (SA) and xylan polymer (XP). While fermentation of C6 sugar using
Actinobacillus succinogenes will produce SA, the liquid stream of DAN pretreatment,
consisting mainly soluble hemicellulose, will produce XP. Additional biobased chemicals
such as xylitol (XL) and xylo-oligomers (XOS) will be derived from XP. Depolymerization
(hydrolysis) of XP using optimum cocktail combination of endoxylanase, exoxylanase, and
xylobiase will produce XOS and monomeric xylose, where the latter will be fermented to XL.
PROJECT 2: THERMOCHEMICAL PLATFORM FOR PRODUCTION OF FINE CHEMICALS.

Gasification and pyrolysis process appears to be an interesting option to develop full scale
processes to upgrade wastes to more usable and energy dense materials. In this project,
different operating strategies are established including pyrolysis and catalytic gasification
which have been considered as a promising method that meets environment requirements.
It provides one of the most cost-competitiveness means of obtaining syngas and value
added biochemicals from renewable resources. The project has been investigating feasibility
of both catalytic gasification and pyrolysis techniques in transforming biomass into bio-
fuel, fine chemical and gases. Liquid fuels and H2 gas can be generated and are potential
for energy source. Membrane and other separation technologies such adsorption will be
employed for gas separation and purification.
PROJECT 3: ADVANCED PURIFICATION METHODS FOR LIQUID-BASED FINE CHEMICALS.

In this project, the aims are to develop technically effective and economically viable
downstream processing to produce important sugar-based products and fine chemical
precursors that will have strategic impact on the biorefinery industry. The products that
will be aimed for include succinic acids, as well as sugar-derived products such as xylo-
oligo and xylitol. These are valuable sugar-based products and fine chemical precursors that
have significant share in the world market. The downstream processing of the mixture will
be complexed and challenging. Thus the approach will be to integrate various separation/
purification techniques in order to develop viable processes. These techniques include
liquid-liquid extraction, membrane-based separations, extractive and reactive distillation
and crystallisation.
PROJECT 4: ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR UPGRADING OF BIOGAS AND SYNGAS.

Syngas and gases from biomass are of great interest as they can be further purified and
upgraded into biomethane and H2 respectively, which are both clean and renewable for
sustainable development. In Malaysia, the production of biomethane and H2 via biological
reactions, biomass gasification, pyrolysis or water gas shift reaction will definitely play an
important role in the future energy industry due to the availability of biomass residues
produced from oil palm, rice, sugarcane, wood industry and municipal solid waste.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS
4
PROJECT 5: INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGIES AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

TO ENHANCE THE SUSTAINABILITY OF BIOREFINERIES.
In this project, integration of process technologies which will be developed in other sub-
projects under the same research programme will be performed. With such integration, the
designed biorefinery will not only be energy self-sustained, but also produces maximum
high value-added products and generates minimum waste. Besides biomass supply chain
optimisation system, process safety, inherent health and life cycle assessment are also to
be considered in this work.
PROJECT 6: POLICY RESEARCH TO ENHANCE INNOVATION AND RISK MANAGEMENT

TO SUPPORT THE NATIONAL BIOMASS STRATEGY.
Regional and rural areas are expected to benefit from the establishment of the biomass
industry and its activities through job creation related to biomass conversion facilities
set up near production sites and supply chains associated with feedstock production. This
project assesses social and economic opportunities along the value chain of local biomass
industry and to assess global opportunities of the industry in improving the nation’s social
and economic returns.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
5
LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS

The team members also have been collaborating in research and development work with the
local and international partners including Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Centre through
Michigan State University, USA, Global Green Synergy Sdn. Bhd., De La Salle University,
Philippines, Texas A&M University, USA and Sime Darby Research Sdn Bhd. It is also expected
to significantly enhance networking between the multi-disciplinary research groups as well
as a joint understanding of the research challenges and needs of the biorefineries issues in
Malaysia.
SUMMARY
• The projects will contribute to the National Biomass Strategy (NBS) of Malaysia that
is intended to increase the gross national income (GNI) by 2020
• The six projects are designed to contribute to the future biomass biorefinery industry
in Malaysia.
• The outputs will be in the form of new knowledge, human capital, intellectual
properties, policy framework, demonstrable technologies and prototype that will
support the NBS.
• The projects will value add the biomass towards achieving at least RM 1,500-RM
2,000 of revenue per dry tone of solid biomass input.
For further correspondence, kindly contact:

Professor Dato’ Ir. Dr. Abdul Wahab Mohammad
Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO)
Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA
Tel: 603-89218001
Email: drawm@ukm.edu.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS
6
CAISER: Complex Event Processing Development

Tool for Engineering & Scientific Application
CAISERTM (Computer Assisted Intelligent Event Processor) is a platform technology tool that enables the
creation of Intelligent Systems using the Complex Event Processing (CEP) approach. CAISERTM incorporates
and integrates latest technology in its platform : IoT capabilities; Cloud based data storage and processing;
Unified Messaging through email, SMS, Telegram, Twitter and other social media channel; SCADA and
Telemetry capabilities; Robotics, RTU and smart devices; and other emerging technologies via CAISER’s open
architecture interface. These technologies are incorporated into CAISER’s platform in the forms of software
and hardware based adapters that enable CAISERTM to interact with the physical world. CAISERTM has more
than 20 internally developed adapters. Figure 1 shows CAISERTM’s platform topology and Figure F2 shows
some of the internal adapters. CAISERTM’s capability can be enhanced further by using other readily available
industrial standard software, hardware and systems as external adapters to CAISERTM such as NAGIOS, Cisco
Information Center, Matlab, Citect and many others.
CAISERTM key feature is its flexibility of use. Its GUI based development environment (IDE) hides the
complexities of real time event detection, software and hardware integration, inter-process communication
and many technical activities from system developers so that they can focus on developing the event
processing applications. Due to its flexible Complex Event detection rule and support for various software
and hardware based adapters, CAISERTM is very suitable for developing CEP based intelligent applications in
the scientific and engineering domains.
Figure 1. CAISER’s main platform topology

Figure 1. CAISERÕ s main platform topology
CAISER TM
’s main run-time module (CA-RTM, please refer to Figure 3) receives Simple Events notification
CAISERTMÕ s main run-time module (CA-RTM, please refer to Figure 3) receives Simple
from Event Producers such
Events notification fromasEvent
smart Producers
CCTV System, Telemetry/SCADA
such as smart CCTV systems (sensors,
System, PLC, RTU), network
Telemetry/SCADA
monitoring
systems system and user
(sensors, PLC,messages via variousmonitoring
RTU), network Communicatisystem
on Channel
andsuchuser
as e-mail, SMS, Telegram,
messages via
TCP, Skype,Communication
various Twitter, OPC, DCOM and web
Channel suchservice. CAISERSMS,
as e-mail,
TM
analyses the sequence
Telegram, and behavior
TCP, Skype, Twitter,of the
Simple
OPC,Events
DCOM and theirweb
and temporal and spati
service. CAISERal correlati
TM
on withthe
analyses othersequence
Simple Events
and and previously
behavior of detected
the
SimpleEvents
Complex Eventsto and
identitheir temporal
fy current andEvents.
Complex spatialThe
correlation with other
detection process Simple
can be Events
executed usingand
several
previously detected Complex Events to identify current Complex Events. The
event detection algorithm such as Sliding Window technique and CAISER ’s very own unique complex event
TM detection
process
detecti can be executed
on algorithm using
which is called several
MEGA (Multi event detection
Layered algorithm
Event Detecti such as
on Algorithm ForSliding
GenericWindow
Application).
technique and CAISERTMÕ s very own unique complex
The GUI for CAISER ’s Complex Event detector is shown in Figure 4.
TM event detection algorithm which is
called MEGA (Multi Layered Event Detection Algorithm For Generic Application). The GUI
for CAISERTM Õ s Complex
INNOVATE Event
VOLUME 10 detector is shown in Figure 4.
7
Smart CCTV Adapter – CA-In-

Surveillance Robot Adapter, Intelligent CCTV Adapter,
ViSS
CA-SentriBot CA-InViSSCore
Remote Terminal Unit Adapter, USB Based Data Acquisition SCADA / OPC Client Adapter-
CA-RTU Adapter, CA-DAQ CA-SCADA
Telegram Messaging Adapter- Crowd Sensing Adapter, Cloud Data Storage Adapter-
CA-Telegram CA-PhotoReporter CA-Cloud
Figure 2. Examples of CAISERTM’s internal adapter
Next, it processes and analyses these events (simple and complex) to generate mitigation action for events
that requires mitigation. The mitigation actions are conveyed via the Communication Channel to Event
Consumers (user, operators, technicians, etc.) and Event Actors (robot, automation system, alarm system,
Mechatronics System etc.). All processes are executed automatically.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
Next, it processes and analyses these events (simple and complex) to generate
mitigation action for events that requires mitigation. The mitigation actions are conveyed
via the Communication Channel to Event Consumers (user, operators, technicians, etc.)
and Event Actors (robot, automation system, alarm system, Mechatronics System etc.).
SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS
8 All processes are executed automatically.
Figure 3. CAISERTMÕ
Figure s run-ti
3. CAISERTM’s run-time module
me module
Figure 4. CAISERTM’s main runtime module

Figure 4. CAISERTMÕ s main runtime module
CAISER TM
CAISERTMwas initi
was ally createdcreated
initially and developed by Dr. Mohamad
and developed by Dr.Hanif Md Saad
Mohamad as part
Hanif Md of his PhD
Saad research
as part of
at his
the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM in 2012 under the
PhD research at the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM in 2012supervision of Prof. Dr. Aini
under Later,
Hussain. the supervision
the CAISERTM platfof Prof.
orm wasDr.further
Aini Hussain.
developedLater, the CAISERTM
and strengthened platform
by a team was
of dedicated
further developed
researchers, engineers and andprogrammers
strengthened by arefer
(Please team of dedicated
to Figure 5). researchers, engineers and
programmers (Please refer to Figure 5).
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
Figure 5. CAISERÕ s improvement, implementation and maintenance was done with the assistance of many
capable researchers, engineers and programmers
CAISERTM was initially created and developed by Dr. Mohamad Hanif Md Saad as part of
his PhD research at the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM in 2012
under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Aini Hussain. Later, the CAISERTM platform was
further developed and strengthened by a team of dedicated researchers, engineers and
programmers (Please refer to Figure 5). 9
Figure 5. CAISER’s
Figure improvement,
5. CAISERÕ implementati
s improvement, on and maintenance
implementation was done with
and maintenance was the assistance
done of many
with the capableofresearchers,
assistance many
engineersengineers
capable researchers, and programmers
and programmers
CAISER TM’S IMPACT, POTENTIAL AND RECOGNITION

CAISERTMÕ S IMPACT, POTENTIAL AND RECOGNITION
CAISER TM ’s platform was successfully used to develop several intelligent systems. Four (4)
selected
CAISERsystems
TM
as listed was
Õ s platform below:successfully used to develop several intelligent
systems. Four (4) selected systems as listed below:
System Name Description
System Name Description
Used to monitor real time network facility related events
Used to monitor real time network facility related events
Sistem Notifikasi by the
the Perbadanan
Perbadanan Putrajaya(PPJ)Õ
Putrajaya(PPJ)’s Network Monitoring
Monitoring
by s Network
Rangkaian Center. Ensures
Ensures that
that all
all computer
computer network
network maintained
maintained by by
Center.
(SONAR),
Sistem Notifikasi
1 PPJ (including
PPJ (including the
the main
main backbone
backbone network
network for
for Putrajaya,
Putrajaya,
Perbadanan
Rangkaian (SONAR),
Putrajaya (please Malaysia’s
MalaysiaÕ Governmentadministrative
s Government administrativecapital
capital) )isis inin tip
tiptop
top
1 Perbadanan
refer Figure 6)
condition.
condition.
Putrajaya (please Connected to over 360 sensors from various systems, e -
refer Figure 6) Connected to over 360 sensors from various systems,
e-mails, SMS, Telegram and UPS updates.
In operation, 24 hours /day, 365 days/year since 2014.

Used by the wetland, lakes and Environmental Unit of PPJ to
Sistem pemantauan monitor water level and water flow from Putrajaya’s dam.
2 Aras Air, Empangan
Tasik Putrajaya System used to monitor and predict flood on the downstream
of the Putrajaya dam.
Sistem Pemantauan Experimental 5 units air quality monitoring system for
Kualiti Udara, Majlis monitoring Melaka’s air quality by the MBMB.
3
Bandaraya Melaka Low cost, effective system to assist the development of
Bersejarah (MBMB) Green Melaka.
The system is used to ensure the pump system that enables
Sistem Pemantauan proper water supplies to UKM’s student residential college
Operasi Rumah Pam operates optimally.
4 Air (PUMA), UKM
(please refer Figure Pump operation status is monitored real time and anomalous
6(a) dan (b) events are reported accordingly to avoid water disruption
to the student and pump damages.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS
10
(a) (b) (c)

Figure 6. (a) CAISERTM’s RTU adapter used in PUMA, (b) SONAR in action at PPJ’s server farm and (c) notification via Telegram
Apart from the above systems, the CAISER’s development team is currently bidding to
implement CAISER TM for water processing facility monitoring system and also for alarms
and events processing in the oil and gas facility.
CAISER TM ’s contribution and impact go nationwide and its application is on the rise. UKM
has twice awarded the CAISER TM team with commercialisation success award (Anugerah
Bitara Pengkomersilan UKM 2016 and Anugerah Khas Kualiti - Pengkomersilan 2014).
In recognition of CAISER’s contribution, impact and potential, the Ministry of Science,
Technology & Innovation bestowed the Emerging Innovator Entrepreneur Award 2016 to
CAISERTM in conjunction with the Malaysian Year of Commercialisation 2016 initiative by
the Malaysian Government. CAISER TM was the only product from a public university that
manages to win an award at the prestigious event out of 152 participants from various
government agencies and private sectors (please refer Figure 8) .
Figure 8. CAISERTM was awarded with the Emerging Innovator Entrepreneur Award 2016 by MOSTI in Conjunction with
Malaysian Year of Commercialisation 2016
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11
FUTURE OF CAISER TM
CAISER TM contains all the necessary elements to handle the challenges of the incoming
Industrial Revolution 4.0(IR4.0). The CAISER TM ’s development team is working closely with
several industrial partner, especially local SMEs to develop IR4.0 based solution utilising
CAISER TM ’s platform and design principle. The CAISER TM s development team itself is
currently improving CAISER TM to incorporate better Complex Event detection capabilities,
more flexible Cloud based data and instruction manipulation and large scale parallelisation
to cater for large scale intelligent systems application.
Figure 9. Malaysian Prime Minister Dato’ Sri Najib Tun Abdul Razak is being briefed by
CAISERTM’s project leader
For further correspondence kindly contact:

Dr. Mohamad Hanif Md Saad
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering
Tel: 603- 8921 6116 E-mail: hanifsaad@ukm.edu.my
Prof Dr Aini Hussain

Department of Electrical, Electronic & Systems Engineering
Tel: 603- 8921 6329 E-mail: draini@ukm.edu.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS
12
Establishment of Tropical Climbers Shading Performance

for Green Facade
A n intervention in bringing vegetation into a manmade environment as a passive

technique has been attested to stimulate a better living environment and promote
energy efficiency. Innovations in implementing vegetation onto exterior building façades
such as green roof, and vertical greenery systems (VGS) including green facade, have been
identified in encouraging potentials to ameliorate microclimate, not only on external
and internal building environment, but also current and future urban climate conditions.
Shade and shadow produced by the vegetation help to dissipate the incident solar heat
onto exterior building skin and the ground surface, and improve the thermal environment
simultaneously.
A small-scale experiment was run to establish shading performance of selected tropical

climbing plants. The selected species are Anemopaegma chamberlaynii (AC), Antigonon
leptopus (AL), Argyreia nervosa (AN), Quisqualis indica (QI) and Thunbergia nervosa (TN)
shown in Figure 1. The objectives of conducted experiment are to investigate the coverage
performance within the time frame given (30 days) and establish shading coefficient of
the climbing plants. Three mock-ups of IGF with free standing walls were built for this
experiment. The size of the free standing walls were 1.5 m (height) × 1.0 m (width) × 0.15
m (thick) and the trellises were 1.5 m (height) × 1.0 m (width) with white planter boxes
at the bottom. Figure 2 shows details measurement of the IGF mock-up. Each planter box
was planted with three numbers of climbers from each species. The heights of each of the
climbers were almost similar before they were transferred into respective planter boxes.
Climbers were left for a month for the establishment of canopy before any measurements
were taken (Figure 3). Modules were arranged at west facing orientation. The experiment
was conducted for 30 days.
Coverage performance of the climbing plants was determined by the percentage coverage
on the final day of the experiment. The percentage coverage was the percentage area of the
behind wall covered by the plants to the area of the wall. The percentage of the coverage
was calculated through binary images. The binary images were obtained from converted
digital images taken by digital camera (Nikon D3100). The images were converted to binary
image and the calculation of shaded area was adopted from pixel segmentation feature in
Adobe Photoshop CS4. An example of the image conversion is shown in Figure 4.
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

Figure 1 Selected tropical climbing plants: (a) Anemopaegmea chamberlaynii, (b) Antigonon leptopus, (c) Argyreia nervosa,
(d) Quisqualis indica and (e) Thunbergia grandiflora
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
13
Figure 2 Details measurement of small-scale of IGF
Figure 3 Conducted small-scale experiment
Figure 4 Image conversion of Quisqualis indica from (a) digital image to (b) binary image
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS
14
The processes of the shading coefficient (SC) establishment included plant percentage
coverage through leaf layer distribution and measurements of solar transmission behind
vertical foliage of climbers. The effectiveness of shading performance of climber was
indicated by the smaller value of SC.
Shading coefficient (SC) is defined as the proportion of solar radiation gain behind the
canopy and in front of the canopy. It is expressed as:
(1)
As a vertical plant canopy consisted of compacted of numbers of different leaf layers (k)
which had corresponding area, in the plane of canopy, shading coefficient (SC) can be
expressed as :
(2)
where;
The procedures to establish leaf layer coverage was similar to overall percentage coverage
establishment experiment. Colour digital images of each species were captured by the digital
camera of Nikon D3100 at a fixed position and at regular time intervals. Different leaf layer
performances were expected at every time intervals of the photo sessions. Photo sessions
were arranged at night time with the aid of spotlights for the light source. The arrangement
was able to create the effect of colour shades that represented different leaf layers. Figure
5 shows an example of the digital image taken at night time producing different shades of
green colour.
Light green with Open gap Dark green with

one leaf-layer 4 leaf-layers
Anemopaegma chamberlaynii
Figure 5 Digital image of plant canopy
A n em o pshowing
aegm a chdifferent green
am b erlayn ii shades taken at night time
F ig u re 5 D ig ita l im a g e o f p la n t can o p y sh o w in g d ifferen t green sh ad es taken at n igh t tim e
Different shades of green produced from the digital image were segmented
and calculated through pixel recognition and segmentation technique using
INNOVATE
graphic VOLUME
software of10 Adobe Photoshop CS4. The calculation of pixel
representing the leaf layer was converted to leaf layer areas and percentage
coverage. Calculated leaf layer areas were applied to Equation 2 for shading
coefficient establishment. An example of segmentation and calculated images
in percentage coverage is shown in Figure 6.
15
Different shades of green produced from the digital image were segmented and calculated
through pixel recognition and segmentation technique using graphic software of Adobe
Photoshop CS4. The calculation of pixel representing the leaf layer was converted to leaf
layer areas and percentage coverage. Calculated leaf layer areas were applied to Equation
2 for shading coefficient establishment. An example of segmentation and calculated images
in percentage coverage is shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6 Establishment of leaf layer and percentage coverage of Thunbergia grandiflora (TG) on the 1st
day of measurement
This establishment was an initial initiative to develop the database of climbing plants shading
properties to be used by architects and landscape architects in their design proposal. More
shading performance of tropical climbers need to be established for better decision in the
attempt to meet sustainable built environment and better living environment.

Mohd Khairul Azhar Mat Sulaiman
Department of Architecture
Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,
Tel: 603-89118013
Email: m.khairulazhar@ukm.edu.my
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SPECIAL HIGHLIGHTS
16
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
CURRENT
RESEARCH
CURRENT RESEARCH
18
Characteristics of Extra Polymer Substance (EPS) Extracted from

Formed Biofilm on Sewer Sediment
I n-sewer sediments carry high loads of both organic and inorganic particles. The fraction of organic
and inorganic materials in sewer sediment mixture depends on catchment characteristics, sewer
type, geometry, the type of wastewater and sanitary habit of the population. High organic content
in the wastewater has high microbial community, which promotes the formation of biofilm on the
accumulated sediment, particularly on a stable sediment bed surface. Biological processes in terms of
biodegradability of the sediments and the formation of biofilm on sediment particles play important
roles and need to be considered. The strength of sediment bed obviously changes due to adhesion
and armour layer (from the biofilm). The complexity of biological processes influenced in sediment
transport, particularly under hot climate is paramount as the interaction of biology-sediment and
flow is interrelated.
Biological processes are well known to be temperature dependent, where the activities of individual
organisms differ from temperature to temperature. In tropical, hot climates such as Malaysia, the
temperature within the sewer lines is constant at high values within the range of 28-34˚C. As such,
it is anticipated that with higher organic content, hot temperature and high humidity, the potential
is to be even more influential.
Figure 1. The experimental setup of biofilm formation on sewer sediment (left) and freeze dried EPS (right)
The experimental work was carried out in varying wastewater percentage from 10%, 20% and 100%
with the bed consists of homogeneous sediment with grain median size of 150µm. The setup was
done in a flocculator (shown in Figure 1) with 60 rpm rotational speed to imitate the common shear
stress at dry flow. The samples were kept mixed for 118 hours before the Extra Polymer Substance
(EPS) extraction procedure using cation exchange technique. As shown in Figure 1, freeze dried EPS
indicates that biofilm was formed on sewer sediment with relatively high quantity. Preliminary
results show that the approach produced reliability results and has high potential for meaningful
analysis in studying the effect of biofilm on sewer processes.

Dr. Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar
Department of Civil & Structural Engineering
Tel: 603-89216229
Email: hanna@ukm.edu.my
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19
Heritage Refurbishment Assessment Scheme (HeRAS)
H eritage is the reflection of our past for our future, a fundamental aspect underpinning any
country ’s national identity. Existing buildings, not new, hold this strategic role. The impact of
climate change and sustainable living will revolutionise cities as we see it today. The trichotomy
of technical-philosophical-local factors is the key to produce a bespoke sustainability heritage
scheme. Technical leads are experts in building pathology, heritage preservation and environmental
sustainability; philosophical leads focuses on management and practicality of the scheme; local leads
on the domestic knowledge and governance. It is well documented that conservation, maintenance
and upkeep of heritage buildings are poor. Past schemes focus only on technical competencies, which
led to unhappy stakeholders and poor community participation. Unique traditional designs, localised
materials and micro-climates are leading factors to develop a bespoke refurbishment assessment
scheme for heritage buildings for Malaysia. Past schemes placed too much emphasis on technical
and building pathology. This research will put into focus the people and process factors and will be
specifically discussing on stakeholder management, social perceptions and the younger generation.
This research could also potentially transform the Malaysian heritage industry in conserving and
refurbishing existing heritage buildings by improving environmental sustainability, cut carbon
emissions and enhancing building conditions.
Figure 1. Officiating Ceremony by Dato’ Mayor of Penang City Council in Heritage Refurbishment Assessment Scheme
(HeRAS) Workshop at the Northam All Suite, Penang
The objectives of the research are to critically appraise, assess and synthesise pertinent literature and
industry practice surrounding environmental sustainability schemes within the built environment,
with specific reference to key issues, enablers and barriers appertaining to heritage buildings. Other
than that, the research will explore, survey and establish heritage projects as a social value among the
younger generation and their relationship with historic monuments. Also, it will cogitate, investigate
and scrutinise applicable assessment criterion for assessing refurbished heritage buildings regionally
and globally, vis-à-vis, Key Performance Indicators. Lastly, this research will define, evaluate and
develop a heritage refurbishment assessment scheme bespoke for Malaysia, with specific input key
stakeholders.
The aim of the research has been achieved partly, through 5 days focus group discussion conducted in
Penang called International Workshop of HeRAS 2017 (in Figure 1). Lead by MAS and UK coordinator
together with four highly reputable mentors from both countries, HeRAS was held from 14 th to 18 th
August 2017 at The Northam All Suite, Penang. 14 selected participants came from wide spectrum of
expertise, ranging from archaeology to glazing, and experience from the tourism to petrochemical
industries. Here, participants from the UK, Belarus, Ghana, Greece, Nigeria, India, Indonesia, Pakistan
and Malaysia were gathered in HeRAS workshop that hosted by UKM, Malaysia (in Figure 2).
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
CURRENT RESEARCH
20
Figure 2. Heritage Walk to Khoo Kongsi, Penang
Dr. Noraini Hamzah

Department of Civil and Structural Engineering
Tel: 603 8921 6219
Email: ainhamzah@ukm.edu.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
21
Towards Malaysia Green Industry with Low Carbon Emission by

M alaysia as one of the fast-developing nations has an important role to participate in driving
climate change programme. One of the offered solutions to support the programme is the
Reduction of CO 2 Emission. According to World Resource Institute in 2012, the main contributor to
the amount of CO2 emission in Malaysia is generally caused by human activities in sub-sector include
electricity (48.68%), manufacturing (17.20%), transportation (19.44), fugitive emission (10.05%),
and other fuel combustion (4.62%). Due to the increment of CO 2 emission, in 2009, Malaysia aimed
to reduce its CO 2 emissions intensity by 40% (based on its 2005 levels) by 2020 at the 15 th Conference
of Parties (COP15) in Copenhagen.
It is important to highlight that Malaysia may take greater attention to industrial process towards CO 2
emission reduction from energy usage. The reason is the industry requires much energy (electricity,
fuel combustion) and transportation to processing and delivering the product from manufacturer
to customer. For mitigating CO 2 emission, energy efficiency must be the main priority since the
amount of energy consumed is dependent on the material being processed. Hence, managing the
flow of material from the manufacturer to the end-customer is highly important by considering
environmental aspects (green) into supply chain management (SCM). Integrating green concept into
SCM is the effort to invite supply chain (SC) manager or academician to rethink SC process which not
only emphasises on business profit but also environmental impact. In greening the SC, companies
need to incorporate management of CO 2 emission in the business decision process to reduce negative
environmental impact in the entire SC operation. To do so, drawing the SC operation system is the
first task which can identify which process and decision will affect the SC performance. The example
of SC operations is shown in Figure 1, which is taken from one of the metal companies in Malaysia.
CO2 emission
Environment CO2 emission CO2 emission
Supplier Customer
Raw Customer-1 Customer-3

Production Transportation
Material
Customer-2 Customer-4
Raw material quantity Shipment size Shipment size

Input Production quantity Number of shipment
Fuel usage Fuel usage
Electricity usage Distance travelled
Note: Boundary level

Material flow
Figure 1. Supply chain process with environmental consideration
Based on the figure above, the next step is assessing the CO 2 emission from each process depending
on the input given. For example, fuel and electricity usage to operate the machine in production
process for converting the amount of raw material into final product. From transportation process,
the CO 2 emission can be assessed based on the weight of shipment size, fuel usage, number of
shipment, and distance travelled. The example formula to assess CO 2 emission can be obtained from
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which is generally expressed as.
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶!,!"#$ = 𝑈𝑈!"#$ (𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸!"! 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺!"! + 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸!"! 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺!"! + 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸!!! 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺!!! )
Where CF e is𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶
Where total CO 2 emission
! is total CO2 emission by type by of fuelof (Kg
type CO(Kg
fuel 2
e).CO2e).
is amount
𝑈𝑈!"#$ of
is fuel combusted
amount (Terajoule,TJ).
of fuel combusted
are default emission factor
(Terajoule,TJ). 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 !"! , 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 of
!"! ,a given
𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸!! !
GHG by type of fuel (Kg Gas/TJ). are global warming
are default emission factor of a given GHG by type of fuel (Kg potential
for spesific
Gas/TJ). gas, CO!"2 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 assummed
!"! , and to be
𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 1,
!! ! 28,
are and 265,
global respectively.
warming potential for spesific gas, CO2
!
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶! and 𝑁𝑁! 𝑂𝑂 assummed to be 1, 28, and 265, respectively.

In order to analyse CO2 emission in SC, it is better to collect the data with one year duration.
This is because SC manager can monitor and control CO2 emission and make an improvement
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
to reduce the total emission per year. The example result of assessing CO2 emission for one
year is shown in Figure 2.

350.00
Produckon

Where 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶! is total CO2 emission by type of fuel (Kg CO2e). 𝑈𝑈!"#$ is amount of fuel combusted
(Terajoule,TJ). 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸!"! , 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸!"! , 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸!!! are default emission factor of a given GHG by type of fuel (Kg
Gas/TJ). 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺!"! 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺!"! , and 𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺!!! are global warming potential for spesific gas, CO2
CURRENT RESEARCH
22! and 𝑁𝑁! 𝑂𝑂 assummed to be 1, 28, and 265, respectively.
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶

In order to analyse CO2 emission in SC, it is better to collect the data with one year duration.
In order to analyse CO 2 emission in SC, it is better to collect the data with one year duration. This
This is
is because
because SC SC manager
manager can can monitor
monitor and
and control
control COCO2
2
emission
emission and and
makemake an improvement
an improvement to reduce
to reduce the emission
the total total emission
per year. per
Theyear. The example
example result of result of assessing
assessing CO2
CO 2 emission foremission
one yearfor one in
is shown
Figure 2.
year is shown in Figure 2.

350.00
Produckon
CO2 emission (metric ton)
300.00
Transportakon
250.00
200.00
150.00
100.00
50.00
0.00

Figure 2. CO2 emission per year
Figure 2. CO2 emission per year
After that, to reduce CO 2 emission per year, optimisation modeling of SC system with environmental
After consideration
that, to reduce
is the CO2 emission to
next challenge per
be year, optimisation
proposed. modeling
The objective of SC system
is to optimise the inputwith
variable
environmental
which affectsconsideration
the SC performance. is the next
This taskchallenge
is known asto be proposed.
decision-making The objective
process is to
as a way of effectively
optimise the input
managing the flowvariable which with
of material affects
lowerthe SC performance.
emissions as well as This
cost. task
This is known can
approach as decision-
be used as an
alternative
making process toas costly
a way investment in carbon-reducing
of effectively technologies.
managing the flow Although
of material Malaysia
with lower alreadyas
emissions works
well as cost. This approach can be used as an alternative to costly investment in carbon- on
in Clean Development Management (CDM) project under United Nations Framework Convention
Climate
reducing Change via renewable
technologies. Although energy project
Malaysia or technology
already works in transfer for sustainability,
Clean Development the number of
Management
CDM projects is still low when compared to countries like China, Mexico, India,
(CDM) project under United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change via renewable and Korea. Therefore,
this becomes a very interesting topic for researchers to solve the environmental
energy project or technology transfer for sustainability, the number of CDM projects is still impact through
management science. This work can largely contribute to utilising the energy consumption by
low when compared to countries like China, Mexico, India, and Korea. Therefore, this
capturing the notion of doing more activities with fewer resources. Therefore, reducing CO 2 emission
becomes a very interesting topic for researchers to solve the environmental impact through
through SCM is one of the effective ways to promote green industries in Malaysia.
management science. This work can largely contribute to utilising the energy consumption by
capturing the notion of doing more activities with fewer resources. Therefore, reducing CO2
emission through SCM is one of the effective ways to promote green industries in Malaysia.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Nizam Bin Ab Rahman

Tel: 603-8921 6449 / 8921 4929
Email: mnizam@ukm.edu.my
Tel: 603-8921 6449 / 8921 4929

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23
Role of RFID Technology as an Evolving Catalyst for Lean

Implementation in SMEs to Enrich Customer Benefits
L ean is basically a fundamental philosophy which was first introduced by Toyota in 1950’s after
World War II and opened a new gate for fast and proficient production to achieve maximum
customer satisfaction in automotive manufacturing industry. Lean basically works to minimise seven
common wastes involved and these wastes are over production, inventory, transportation, over
processing, excessive waiting, defects and excessive motions. These wastes are actually non-value
added activities in ongoing operations. The pioneer slogan of lean was the “production without
wastes” and this slogan then became an implementable concept which was further adopted by many
manufacturing companies in 1990’s to achieve good quality products on cheaper prices for consumers.
The lean concept involves only big automotive industries, but in the last two decades, this trend
shifted towards other manufacturing SMEs and it has been observed that to get involvement of
management and employees is to deploy lean concepts in SMEs, a proper mandatory which helps to
increase lean awareness and culture to achieve good customer handling. Hence, in order to achieve
lean culture, the leading problem faced by the management is the lack of availability of “Autonomous
Operational Visibility ” in manufacturing operations. “Autonomous operational visibility ” is not only
helpful to achieve shorter production lead times but also helpful to achieve employ administration,
which are the leading pillars to achieve (and sustain) excellent customer satisfaction in society.
Furthermore, this requirement raised a voice of help to the developers and users of modern
technologies which developed wireless technologies like Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
technology to help the world and achieve operational visibility (Figure 1). In the last two decades,
it has been clearly observed that the modern world has facilitated the society by entering an era
of wireless communication and there is an emergence of lot of modern technologies like Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID). The core property of RFID technology such as chip-based wireless
communication, autonomous tracking and availability of real time data facility have been successfully
utilised by many sectors like logistics and retails to achieve customer satisfaction.

Transportation
Inventory and
asset tracking
Library applications
Food Retailing Retailing

Figure 1. Application and technologies of RFID
In the beginning, there was some cost issues associated with it especially for SMEs. However, in the
last decade, these cost issues are under control and minimised through electronic advancements and
can be utilised in SMEs. It has been further observed that the utilisation of RFID technology is highly
beneficial for food retail sectors where foods which expire quickly can easily handled to reach the
shop floor at the right time.
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CURRENT RESEARCH
24
Hence, the modern manufacturing world is now running towards lean rules to achieve waste
free production through utilisation of properties of RFID technology. As there is an availability
of synchronised operational Visibility through RFID, this property of RFID not only helps top
management and employees to achieve fast manufacturing of goods with minimised cost and high
quality, but also implicates brilliant benefits to society by providing high customer satisfactions.
Lastly, this merger of lean and RFID technology synchronization concept helps the society to raise
a slogan of “ Think of anything and it will be at your door ”.

Tel: 603-8921 6449 / 8921 4929
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
25
Unidirectional Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Polylactic-Acid Composites

for Automotive Interior Component Application
O ver the past few years, the use of natural fibres and biopolymers composites has been considerable
attraction among automotive component manufacturers. Besides its low density and comparable
strength modulus with petro-chemical based composites, these materials are fully biodegradable
and can further minimise the impact of environmental pollution. In addition, with regulations issued
by the European Commission which stated that in year 2005, 85% of the weight of the vehicle should
be recyclable and this percentage was increased to 95% by 2015. Previous studies mostly focused
on partially biodegradable composite from the petro-chemical based thermoplastics or randomly
short natural fibres because of their associated ease of process and good mechanical performance.
However, little work has been carried out on natural fibres in unidirectional orientation. Therefore,
this research aims to fabricate green composites using unidirectional long kenaf fibres reinforced with
polylactic-acid (PLA) as well as investigation on the composite’s thermoformability. The composite is
produced by the film stacking method using hot press machine.
Results of the study showed that 50% kenaf composition was suitable and the experimental design
using response surface method (RSM) through Box-Behken Design was used to optimise the hot press
processing parameters. ANOVA analysis shows that all processing parameters such as temperature,
pressure and heating time give a significant impact on tensile properties. Results showed that for
50 wt% of kenaf, the process parameters were at 3 MPa pressure for 8 minutes at temperature of
200°C. Furthermore, detailed characterisation of the mechanical, physical, thermal properties of
the unidirectional kenaf/PLA composites was carried out using the optimal processing parameters.
The effect of fiber orientation (0°, 45° and 90°) on tensile and flexural properties were studied
at different temperatures (30°C, 60°C, 90°C and 120°C). The experimental results showed that at
ambient temperature, the tensile strength and Young modulus at 0° increased by 230% and 630%,
respectively. Although tensile strength was lower at 45° and 90° orientation, Young ’s modulus
increased significantly by 48% and 27% respectively as opposed to pure PLA.
The same trend was also observed with the flexural properties of unidirectional kenaf/PLA composite.
At ambient temperature, flexural strength and modulus at 0° orientation increased by 232% and 524%,
respectively. However, the mechanical properties of the composites were lower than the pure PLA
at 45° and 90° orientations. Numerical simulation were also utilised to look for thermoformability
of the green composites generated using experimental data. In conclusion, green composites
consisting of unidirectional long kenaf fibres reinforced PLA composites have better mechanical
properties than pure PLA and other natural fibres reinforced with the synthethic thermoplastic such
as Polypropylene (PP). This composite has a potential to be developed for fabrication of automotive
interior components.
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the composite fabrication and diagrams of kenaf/PLA composites samples at different orientations; (a) 0º, (b)
45º, and (c) 90º
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
CURRENT
Figure 1. Schematic RESEARCH
diagram of the composite fabrication and diagrams of kenaf/PLA composites samples at different orientations; (a)
26 0º, (b)
Fig u re 1. Schematic diagram of the composite fabrication and45º, and (c)of90º
diagrams kenaf/PLA composites samples at different orientations; (a)
0º, (b) 45º, and (c) 90º
220 20000
Tensile Strength (MPa)
Young's Modulus (MPa)

200
220 20000
17500
180
Tensile Strength (MPa)
Young's Modulus (MPa)

200 17500
15000
160
180
140
160 15000
12500 PLA
120 PL
140 A 12500
10000 PLA
100
120 PL 0°
80 0°
A 7500
10000
100 0°
60
80 0° 5000
7500 45°
40 45
60 2500
5000 45°
20
40 ° 45 90°
0
20 ° 0
2500
90°
0 30°C 60°C 90°C 120°C 0 30°C 60°C 90°C 120°C
30°C 60°C 90°C 120°C
Temperature (Celcius) 30°C 60°C 90°C 120°C
Temperature (Celcius)
Temperature (Celcius) Temperature (Celcius)
Figure 2. Tensile strength and young’s modulus of PLA and kenaf/PLA composites at different orientation with temperature variation
Figure 2. Tensile strength and young’s modulus of PLA and kenaf/PLA composites at different orientation with temperature variation
Fig u re 2. Tensile strength and young’s modulus of PLA and kenaf/PLA composites at different orientation with temperature variation
250 20000
Flexural Modulus (MPa)

Flexural Strength (MPa)
250 20000
Flexural Modulus (MPa)
Flexural Strength (MPa)
200 15000
200 15000
150 PLA 10000 PLA
150 PLA 10000 PLA
100 0° 0°
5000
100 0° 0°
50 45° 5000 45°
45° 0 45°
50 90° 90°
0 0
90° 90°
0 27°C 60°C 90°C 120°C
27°C 60°C 90°C 120°C
Figure 3. Flexural strength and flexural modulus of PLA and kenaf/PLA composites at different orientation with temperature variation
Figure 3. Flexural strength and flexural modulus of PLA and kenaf/PLA composites at different orientation with temperature variation
Foru re
Fig further correspondence
3. Flexural strength and flexuralkindly
modulus contact:
of PLA and kenaf/PLA composites at different orientation with temperature variation
Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Abu Bakar Sulong
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment

Tel: 603-89216678
Email: abubakar@ukm.edu.my
Tel: 603-89216678
Tel: 603-89216678

INNOVATE VOLUME 10
27
Two Component Powder Injection Molding (2C-PIM) of Stainless

Steel (SS17-4PH) and Yttria Stabilised Zirconia (3YSZ)
D ue to rapid technological advancement, there have been rising demand globally for
multifunctional and high performance components in many engineering applications such as
in auto engines, microelectronics etc. These components require functions or properties which
cannot be obtained using monolithic materials such as in conventional powder injection molding
or other metal casting processes. The 2C-PIM is thus a unique choice for combining two materials
with incompatible properties to produce a variety of metals and ceramic components with complex
shapes and density at economic cost. The challenge is usually on how to obtain a reliable bonding
since the two materials involved possess different physical and thermal properties. Previous
researches are scanty as large scale adoption of this technology is yet to be achieved and hence a
subject of intensive research focuses.
The objective of this research is therefore to investigate the feasibility of fabricating a bi-material
from stainless steel (17-4PH) and (3YSZ) through 2C-PIM and to evaluate the bonding mechanisms,
microstructure, metallography and mechanical properties. In this investigation, the powders were
first characterised. Two feedstocks with optimal powder loading 68vol% for 17-4PH and 50vol%
for 3YSZ were prepared, each corresponding to 3vol% lower than critical solid loading. Two binder
system of Palm stearin (PS) and Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were utilised as a common binder
in the ratio of 60wt%/40wt%. The feedstock mixing was performed using Brabender mixer and
the rheological behavior under a temperature of 130 o C, 140 o C and 150 o C was investigated using
Schimadzu capillary rheometer.
The rheological results indicated pseudo- plastic and shear thinning behavior acceptable for PIM.
The feedstock was processed in sequence using screw type injection molding (BOY22A) to form a
bi-material. The result of the green tests indicated good compaction and uniform distribution of
powders. Solvent extraction of the binder (PS) was performed in acetone at a temperature of 500c
for 6hours. Thermal decomposition of the remaining binder component was performed in two
steps in a split furnace under argon atmosphere. The sintering compatibility of 17-4PH and 3YSZ
were quantified by isothermal sintering of the single materials of 3YSZ and SS17-4PH in vacuum at
1250 0 C, 1300 0 C and 1350 0 C for 2hrs. The single materials of SS17-4PH and 3YSZ indicated densities
of 94%, 97%, 97% and 93%, 95% 97% respectively. The bi-materials were subsequently sintered at
12500c and 1300 0 C under similar conditions in vacuum. The result indicated that linear shrinkage
of the bi-materials increased from 10% to 12% while density improved from 96% to 97%%.
The effect of sintering time and heating rate on the bonding were also evaluated. The densities
of the sintered samples were measured using Archimedes method according to MPIF standard 42.
Dilatometry investigation was conducted to evaluate expansion mechanisms, phase changes and
mass transport phenomena. Microstructural and metallographic preparations were performed. The
SEM, XRD and EDX analysis were evaluated. The hardness at the interface of bi-materials samples
sintered at different temperatures using Vickers micro indentation instrument was determined
and evaluated. The sintered components of 3YSZ, SS17-4PH and 3YSZ.17-4PH were also subjected
to tensile tests to evaluate their bonding strength and mechanical properties. The XRD and EDX
results show presence of chromium at the bonding zone as shown in Figure 1.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
CURRENT RESEARCH
28

SEM micrograph of SS17-4PH/3YSZ interface

17 - 4PH
3YSZ
17 - 4PH
SEM micrograph of SS17-4PH

injected part
-
3YSZ
SEM micrograph of 3YSZ injected part
Figure 1. SEM micrographs of 2C-PIM of SS17-4PH with 3YSZ; Injected part of SS17-4PH/3YSZ (top) and
Sintered
Figu re 1. SE M m icro graphs part of
o f 2C -PIM ofSS17-4PH/3YSZ
SS17 -4 P H w ithat3 Y1300oC (bottpart
SZ ; Injected om)of SS17-4PH/3YSZ (top) and
o
Sintered part of SS17-4PH/3YSZ at 1300 C (bottom)

Assoc. Ir. Dr. Abu Bakar Sulong
Tel: 603-89216678
Tel: 603-89216678
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
29
PIV Measurements of Vortex Structure Around Anti Vortex Device

(AVD) at Pump Suction Inlet
P ump is the most important component in a pumping station. One of the factors that influenced
the efficiency of pump operation is the intake flow. Although a uniform intake flow is favourable
in any case, achieving one is a challenging task due to on-site conditions. When a non-uniform
flow, or sometimes called an asymmetrical flow, approaches the pump inlet, swirls and vortices will
be created which are detrimental to the pump impeller due to potential vibration and cavitation
phenomenon. One of the ways to alleviate the problem is to install an anti-vortex device (AVD) at
the vicinity of the pump suction inlet. It was found that the design of AVD greatly influences the
effectiveness of the vortex reduction in pump sump in which some of the designs may not fully
suppress the vortices but enhance the vorticity in the flow instead. Therefore, it is crucial that the
feature of AVD design be systematically studied in order to achieve the most optimal AVD design for
the reduction of vorticity in pump sump. The use of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a practical
approach to evaluate the effectiveness of vorticity reduction by AVD in which the flow profile around
AVD is captured and analysed quantitatively. An experimental rig for the study has been constructed
which consists of a water flow channel and a pump system complete with PIV system as illustrated
in Figure 1(a). The area in the vicinity of the pump suction inlet is made from transparent material
to enable PIV measurements (Figure 1(b)) while the rest of the channel structure is made from mild
steel.
Figure 1(a): Experimental rig consists of water channel system Figure 1(b): Transparent section of the experimental rig
and PIV system
Preliminary tests were conducted to identify the type of vortices that may occur in the pump sump
model (Figure 2(a)). The results showed that both surface and subsurface vortices were present in
the experimental setting in which the strength of each vortex type varied with the submergence
depth of the pump inlet. PIV images were also produced to identify the location and size of the
vortices formed in the pump suction inlet as shown in Figure 2(b).
A simulation of the flow in the pump sump was conducted to predict the outcome of the study
validated by data from the experiments available in the literature. Four specimens of AVD were
tested in the simulation which had different cross sections as depicted in Figure 3 and the results
showed that the outcome varied for each specimen. AVD with trapezoidal base shape produced the
best vortex suppression ability.
Figure 2(a): PIV measurements taken in the test Figure 2(b): PIV images of the results
section
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
CURRENT RESEARCH
30
By reducing the apex size of the cross section to zero, vorticity reduction was enhanced compared to
rectangular shaped cross section. On the other hand, trapezoidal shaped cross section with rounded
edges displayed stronger vortex reduction ability but limited to areas where small interference from
counter flows. The AVD with triangular cross section managed to reduce the most vorticity in the
areas affected by external flows which benefitted from its sharp apex.
Figure 3: AVD specimens in the simulation
The outcome of the study not only contributes to the knowledge on AVD design but serves a greater
purpose in which the design of a compact pumping station may be accomplished. The standard
design of pump sump which is implemented nowadays imposes restrictions on the sizing of the sump
which leads to larger sump size due to the geometries that can affect the uniformity of the intake
flow. With the installation of an optimally designed AVD, the size of the sump can be compromised
and at the same time, efficient pump operation can still be achieved.

Ir. Dr. Zambri Harun
Tel: 603-89126518
Email: zambri@ukm.edu.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
31
Strengthening Behaviour of High Pressure Torsion Processed-

aluminium Alloy Using Finite Element Approach
R ecent industrial developments especially in automotive and aeronautics illustrate the current
needs for lightweight materials with superior strength properties. One of the promising metal
forming techniques in generating such properties is High Pressure Torsion (HPT). Advancement
in HPT technique in generating nano-grained materials with exceptional mechanical and physical
properties is well-recognised. However to date, the characterisation of HPT-processed sample is
still ambiguous and certainly requires further detail analysis. Characteristics generated by HPT vary
between different materials, processing condition and test apparatus configuration. Consequently,
researchers are facing challenges in characterising the HPT-processed sample strengthening
behaviour in a timely and affordable manner. One such possible solution is the use of finite element
approach which integrates computational intelligence to assist in evaluating mechanics of the HPT-
processed materials. Material strengthening by HPT is basically achieved through the application of
a high hydrostatic pressure and torsional straining to a sample that is placed between two massive
anvils, as illustrated in Figure 1. These applied forces subsequently deform the sample to extremely
large plastic strains. Since this process involves the plastic region of material deformation, the
proposed plasticity model considers the elastoplastic material with large plastic strains.
Figure 1. Schematic illustration of quasi-constrained HPT process
The application of numerical modelling and simulation in manufacturing industry has been
continuously emerging. Simultaneous effect of various processing parameters can be thoroughly
observed and the conventional time-consuming and expensive trial-and-error methods can be
concurrently minimised in order to accommodate the current demand for the enhanced material
design. It would certainly be of great help in establishing a greater degree of understanding and
accuracy in strengthening lightweight material, in this case, aluminium alloy through HPT.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
CURRENT RESEARCH
32

Dr. Intan Fadhlina Mohamed
Tel: 6012-3287655
Email: intanfadhlina@ukm.edu.my
Fauziana Lamin
Tel: 6012-2162492
Email: fauziana1215@gmail.com
Professor Ir. Dr. Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd Ihsan

Tel: 6019-2735012
Email: kamal3@ukm.edu.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
33
Analysis of Corrosion Behavior Under Loading Using Boundary

Element Method and Polarisation Measurement
T he boundary element method using 3D is employed to solve the Laplace’s equation, for identifying
and presenting the analysis of expected effect of stress level which is assumed as the variable
parameters. The aim of this work is to develop boundary element method 3D to simulate corrosion
phenomenon, by considering experimental polarisation curve as variable due to the magnitude of
stress level and to analyse the effects on the polarisation response to the degree of stress in the
specific corrosive environment. The polarisation data-stressed and non-stressed areas on the surface
of steel are used to solve the model, which is represented by each polarisation curve in the Boundary
Element Method (BEM) code. Experimental tests are conducted on Type 304 SS material. All
specimens were immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution for 240 hours. Applying ASTM G38, BEM technique
is used for modelling marine environment with seawater. In this method, the potential is modelled
by Laplace’s equation. Laplace’s equation is solved by the BEM to obtain the potential and current
density in the surface. The simulation was validated with experiment showed the computer code is
a very helpful tool for presenting the analysis of expected effect of stress level of marine structures.
Potential and current density along the boundary of the region are successfully calculated using
BEM. The results show that the BEM is used to solve the Laplace’s equation to simulate corrosion,
identify and presents the expecting effect of stress level. This study presents an analysis of corrosion in the
case of a specimen that has undergone loading using the boundary element method.
Stress corrosion cracking is a mechanism that should appropriately include research into the
relationship between the effects of mechanical loads in response to the material environment. This
case study is to examine the relationship between corrosion and stress. The study can be performed
using electrochemical techniques on specimens that have undergone loading or stress. A combination
of the (ASTM G-38 2007) standard and the finite element method (FEM) was used to obtain the
correlation between the deflection and the resultant stress values as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Stress distribution during the deflection (a) stress along straight line was drawn on the surface (b) stress along the edge
Similarly, the ASTM G108 standard is utilised for the electrochemical analysis. The standard describes
the steps that must be taken to conduct the electrochemical measurement of the AISI 304 stainless
steel specimens. The main apparatus were involved in carrying out the study as shown in Figure 2.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
CURRENT RESEARCH
34
Figure 2. Specimen with 1 cm2 area of exposure

Tel: 60192735012
Saber Rashid Ali
Tel: 01123342972
Email: saberrashid2@yahoo.com
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Zaki Nuawi
Tel: 0193456697 Email: mzn@ukm.edu.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
35
Fatigue Life Assessment of AlSi10Mg: A Powder Bed Laser-fused

Material
T he additive manufacturing (AM) for metal is becoming the most trending research topic nowadays.
This technology is very essential for the manufacturing industries since it can be used to
manufacture complicated geometries. One of the most popular application of this powder bed laser-
fused technology is in cooling system design. Figure 1 shows one of the example of cooling system
produced by AM. As we know, the engine efficiency is correlated with how well the heat can be
reduced, hence the cooling system design. Due to the idea of implementing AM is to produce a much-
complicated design, the cooling channel can be printed-out by having smaller cooling channel inside
the engine system. The potential of AM not only benefits automotive and aerospace industries, but
also gives major advantages for the medical doctors to create bones implant without having to cut
open the patient to do measurements.

Figure
Figure1.1.Tooling
ToolingCore
Core with
with Conformal Cooling Channel
Conformal Cooling Channel(Source:
(Source:EOS)
EOS)
SinceSince
this this
technology is still
technology is recent, hencehence
still recent, more more
investigation is needed
investigation to ensure
is needed the credibility
to ensure the
of the powder of
credibility bed laser-fused
the powder bed technology
laser-fused as technology
a product. as Among the investigation
a product. Among the that needs to be
investigation
performed is theto monotonic
that needs be performed and is
fatigue life testingand
the monotonic to get the properties
fatigue life testing ofto the
get material. In this of
the properties study,
the AlSi10Mg material
the material. is manufactured
In this using direct
study, the AlSi10Mg metal
material laser sinteringusing
is manufactured (DMLS). Themetal
direct specimens
laser are
manufactured following
sintering (DMLS). thespecimens
The ASTM E8 standard. The specimen
are manufactured is divided
following by two
the ASTM E8 categories, as-built
standard. The
specimen and is
specimen peak hardened
divided by two (T6) specimen.as-built
categories, Figure specimen
2 compares thepeak
and tensile test result
hardened (T6) of the as-built
specimen.
and Figure
T6 specimens.
2 compares From the the result,
tensile the
test as-built
result specimen
of the as-built shows
and T6 higher maximum
specimens. From stress at 391.9
the result,
MPathe compared
as-built to T6 at 287.2
specimen shows MPa. Higher
higher strain isstress
maximum also exhibited by the
at 391.9 MPa T6 specimen,
compared showing
to T6 at 287.2 the
ductility behavior.
MPa. Higher strain is also exhibited by the T6 specimen, showing the ductility behavior.

450
400 T6 - SIMULATION
350
300 T6 - EXPERIMENT
STRESS MPa
250
200
AS BUILT -
150
EXPERIMENT
100
50 AS BUILT -
0 SIMULATION
0 2 4 6 8
STRAIN %
Figure 2. Comparison between experiments and simulation for the tensile test results
Figure 2. Comparison between experiments and simulation for the tensile test results

The The
fatigue life prediction
fatigue always
life prediction becomes
always a major
becomes issue issue
a major to guarantee the integrity
to guarantee and reliability
the integrity and
for automotive,
reliability for aircraft, bridges
automotive, and many
aircraft, more
bridges and engineering structures. Therefore,
many more engineering structures. the fatigue life
Therefore,
testing
the is performed
fatigue for as-built
life testing and heat
is performed for treated
as-built (T6). Figure
and heat 3 compares
treated the fatigue
(T6). Figure life behavior
3 compares the
between both
fatigue life specimens. The T6 specimens
behavior between shows higher
both specimens. The T6 life cycles compared
specimens to as-built
shows higher because
life cycles
the compared
T6 materialto more as-built because
ductile. the 4T6
Figure material
shows more ductile.
the surface fracture Figure
of the 4 shows the
specimen duesurface
to fatigue
fracture of the specimen due to fatigue crack propagation obtained from the fatigue test. The
crack propagation obtained from the fatigue test. The crack is initiated from the surface prior to the
crackcrack is propagated
being initiated from the surface
before prior
it finally to the
failed. Fromcrack being
these propagated
preliminary before
results, it finally
more failed. is
investigation
From these preliminary results, more investigation is still needed
still needed to enhance the reliability and integrity of the powder bed laser-fused materials. to enhance the reliability
and integrity of the powder bed laser-fused materials.

400
As-Built Heat-Treated (T6)
300
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
imum Stress, MPa
200
100
0
the fatigue life testing is performed for as-built and heat treated (T6). Figure 3 compares the
fatigue life behavior between both specimens. The T6 specimens shows higher life cycles
compared to as-built because the T6 material more ductile. Figure 4 shows the surface
fracture of the specimen due to fatigue crack propagation obtained from the fatigue test. The
crack is initiated from the surface prior to the crack being propagated before it finally failed.
CURRENT RESEARCH
36 From these preliminary results, more investigation is still needed to enhance the reliability
and integrity of the powder bed laser-fused materials.

400
As-Built Heat-Treated (T6)
300
Maximum Stress, MPa

200
100
0
1.00E+03 1.01E+05 2.01E+05 3.01E+05 4.01E+05 5.01E+05 6.01E+05
Number of Cycles, N
Figure 3. Fatigue life behavior of as-built and heat-treated (T6) specimens
Figure 3. Fatigue life behavior of as-built and heat-treated (T6) specimens
(a) (b)
Figure 4. Fatigue fracture surface of (a) as-built. (b) heat-treated (T6)

Tel: 6019-2735012
Mohammad Shamil Saari
Tel: 6011-14608525
Email: mohdshamil.shaari@yahoo.com
Professor Ir. Dr. Shahrum Abdullah
Tel: 6019-3006199
Email: shahrum@ukm.edu.my
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Akiyuki Takahashi

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Tokyo University of Science
278-8510 Chiba, JAPAN
Tel: -
Email: takahash@rs.noda.tus.ac.jp
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
37
Peridynamic Model for Viscoelastic Creep and Fracture Behaviours
R ecently, fracture mechanic has been an important aspect in many fields of engineering research.
Automotive, aerospace, military equipment and building construction are the examples of fields
that demand for high proficiency in fracture mechanic. Focusing on automotive industry, fracture
may occur in die cast engine components due to creep as the result of high pressure and high
temperature condition. A good numerical method that can simulate creep deformation and creep
fracture behaviour is required to assist this problem. A recently introduced numerical method on
fracture mechanic i.e. peridynamic (PD) method is proposed in this work. PD method has good
capability in simulating crack properties of materials due to its non-local relation and integral
equation basis.
The The
major contribution
major contribution of this method
of this method is it is overcomes
it overcomes the the disability
disability of the conventional
of the conventional
Finite Element Method (FEM) which is unable to intrinsically simulate discontinuity such as as
The major contribution of this method is it overcomes the disability of the conventionalsuch
Finite Element Method (FEM) which is unable to intrinsically simulate discontinuity Finite
crack and
crack dislocation
and dislocation due to
due differential
to differential equation
equation basis. An
basis. An extension of
extension such Finite Element
of Finite Element
Element Method (FEM) which is unable to intrinsically simulate discontinuity as crack and
method
The method i.e. contribution
major Extended Finite Element
of Finite
this method Method (XFEM)
is it overcomes has the been introduced
disability of the to solve
conventional this this
dislocation duei.e. Extended
to differential equation Element
basis. Method
An extension (XFEM) has
of Finite been
Element introduced
method to i.e. solve
Extended
drawback but it
Finite Element is it
quite
Method complex
(FEM) in which
which the numerical
is unable meshing
to intrinsically is denser
simulate at the
discontinuity at area with
such as
Finite drawback
Element Methodbut is quite
(XFEM) complex
has been in which
introduced the tonumerical
solve this meshing
drawbackis but denser
it is quite the area
complex with
in
high
crack possibility
high and of
possibility crack
dislocation of initiation.
due
crack to Otherwise,
differential
initiation. Otherwise, PD
equation concept
PD allows
basis.
concept An crack prediction
extension
allows crack of without
Finite
prediction any
Element
without any
which the numerical meshing is denser at the area with high possibility of crack initiation. Otherwise,
requirement to locate the crack initiation area and to intensify meshes at the area. Numerous
PDmethod i.e. Extended Finite Element withoutMethod (XFEM) has
concept allows crack prediction any requirement been introduced
to locate the crack initiationto solve area this and
PD test results have been achieved on elastic material fracture behaviours.
drawback but it is quite complex in which the numerical
PD test results have been achieved on elastic material fracture behaviours. meshing is denser at the area with
to intensify meshes at the area. Numerous PD test results have been achieved on elastic material
high
fracture possibility
behaviours. of crack initiation. Otherwise, PD concept allows crack prediction without any
The PD formula as stated in equation (1) is similar to the
to conventional
The PD formula as stated in equation (1) is similar the conventional finite element
finite motion
element motion
equation except
equation for
except the
for bond-force
the bond-force equation
equation i.e.
PD test results have been achieved on elastic material fracture behaviours. the
i.e. first
the component
first
The PD formula as stated in equation (1) is similar to the conventional finite element motion equation component in equation
in equation (1) where
(1) where
the
conventional
the conventional differential
differential equation is
equation replaced
is replaced by an
by
except for the bond-force equation i.e. the first component in equation (1) where the conventionalintegral
an equation.
integral equation. This PD
This motion
PD motion
equation
The equation
differential has
PD formula dimension
has
equation as dimension
stated of
is replacedin force
equation
of per
byforce
an unit
(1)
per
integral volume,
is unit
similar to F/V.
volume,
equation. the In
F/V.
This PDPD
conventional
In method,
motion a particle,
finite
PD method,
equation element
a has x only
motion
particle,
dimension x only
of
interact
equation with
interact other
except
with for particle,
the
other x’
particle, within
bond-force x’ the
equation
within horizon
the i.e. of
the
horizon the particle
first
of the
force per unit volume, F/V. In PD method, a particle, x only interact with other particle, x’ within component x
particle as x shown
in in
equation
as shown Figure
(1)
in 1(a).
where
Figure 1(a).
The
the the green
The
horizon circle
conventional
green
of with
thecircle radius
differential
with
particle as R
x radius is R
shown the
equation in horizon
is the
Figure of particle
is horizon
replaced
1(a). by
of
The an x integral
particle
green which is
x which
circle red
equation.
with in
red colour.
is radius This
in The
PD
R colour.
is the blue blue
motion
The
horizon of
particles
equation are
particles has the
are only
dimension
the particles
only of force
particles that
per interact
unit
that interact with
volume, particle
F/V.
with In x
particle
particle x which is red in colour. The blue particles are the only particles that interact with particle PD because
method,
x because they
a are inside
particle,
they are x the the
only
inside x
horizon. The horizon in 3-dimensional model is sphere in shape.
interact
because with
areother
insideparticle, x’ within the horizon
they the horizon. The horizon of the particle
in 3-dimensional modelx as isshown
spherein inFigure
shape.1(a).
The green circle with radius R is the horizon of particle x which is red in colour. The blue
particles are the only particles
∂ 2u 2 that interact with particle x because they are inside the
ρ 2ρ ∂= udV ∫ ∫ ( ( ( () () )( ) ) )( )( )
= xʹfdVu fxʹu, t x, ʹu, t x,,ut ,xx, ʹt, x,,xtʹ, x+,bt +x,bt x, t
∂t ∂tR2 R xʹ
(1) (1)
∂ 2u

∂t
( ( ) ( )
ρ 2 = dVxʹf u xʹ, t , u x, t , xʹ, x, t + b x, t
∫ ) ( ) (1)
R

(a) (b) (b)
(a) (a) (b)
Figure 1. (a) The nonlocal material interaction in PD method. (b) The three creep stages
Figure
1. (a)1.The
(a) nonlocal
The nonlocal
Figure material
material interaction
interacti on in PDinmethod.
PD method. (b) three
(b) The The three
creepcreep stages
stages

(a) (b)
The
The work
work
The is
iswork focused
focused on on
is focused applying
applying PD PD
on applying method
method on viscoelastic
on viscoelastic
PD method (VE) (VE)
on viscoelastic creep creep behaviour
behaviour
(VE) creep and and
and creep
behaviour creep
fracture.
creep
fracture.
Viscoelastic Viscoelastic
behaviour
fracture. Viscoelastic behaviour
consists of
behaviour
Figure 1. (a) The consists
viscous and
consists
nonlocal material of viscous
elastic
interaction and
properties.
of inviscous elastic
PD method.and
(b) TheWhen properties.
elastic stress
three creep is
properties.
stages When
applied, stress is is
viscoelastic
When stress
applied,
material
viscoelastic
resists
applied, shear material
viscoelastic andresists
flowmaterial strain shear
linearly
resists flow
shear and time
with
flow strain
and andlinearly
strain thewith
atlinearly same time
with and itand
time,
time at stretches
the
at same and
the same
quickly
time, returns
The time,
work is to
it stretches original
focused and on state
quickly
applying oncePD the
returns method stress
to is
original
on removed.
state
viscoelastic In
once performing
(VE)
it stretches and quickly returns to original state once the stress is removed. In the
creep stress large is
behaviour deformation
removed.
and In
creep test
onperforming
viscoelastic
fracture. material
large
Viscoelastic
performing large until rupture
deformation
behaviour
deformation test on occurs,
viscoelastic
consists
test on of viscoplastic
viscous
viscoelastic material
and behaviour
until until
elastic
material which
rupture
properties.
rupture is occur
occur closely related
s, viscoplastic
When s, stress is to
viscoplastic
viscoelastic
behaviour
applied, behaviour
which is
viscoelastic
behaviour which is is also
closely
material considered.
related
closely resists to
related shear Viscoplasticity
viscoelastic behaviour
flow and strain
to viscoelastic is inelastic
behaviour is also
linearly behaviour
considered.
with
is also of deformation
Viscoplasticity
time and at
considered. the same that
Viscoplasticity
is inelastic behaviour of deformation that depends on rate at which load are applied. In creep
time, it stretches and quickly returns to original state once the stress is removed. In
test, the specimen
performing
test, the large
specimen is applied
deformation with
is applied test a on
constant
with load load
viscoelastic
a constant which
material is lower
which until than
rupture
is lower the occur
than specimen ultimate
s, viscoplastic
the specimen ultimate
tensile
behaviour strength
tensile which and
strength the elongation
is closely
and the related of viscoelastic
to
elongation the
of specimen is observed
behaviour
the specimen INNOVATE
is also
is observed until a VOLUME
certain
considered.
until 10
time time
or until
Viscoplasticity
a certain or until
rupture. Viscoelastic creep curve i.e. strain against time time
rupture. Viscoelastic creep curve i.e. strain against curve contains
curve three
contains main
three stages.
main As As
stages.
shown
test, in specimen
the
shown Figure 1(b),
in Figure the three
is 1(b),
applied the with stages
three are the
a stages
constant are primary,
load
the which secondary
primary, is lower
secondary and the
than tertiary
and specimen creep
tertiary stages
ultimate
creep stages
where
tensile the
where strain
strength rate
the strain is decreasing,
and rate
the elongation
is decreasing, uniform
of the and and
increasing
specimen
uniform respectively.
is observed
increasing until a These
respectively. certain behaviour
These time can can
or until
behaviour
be divided
rupture.
be divided into into
two two
Viscoelastic types
creep namely
types curve linear
i.e.
namely and against
strain
linear nonlinear
and time
nonlinear VE curve
and each type three
contains
VE and each can be
type described
main
can be stages. by
As by
described
CURRENT RESEARCH
38
depends on rate at which load are applied. In creep test, the specimen is applied with a constant
load which is lower than the specimen ultimate tensile strength and the elongation of the specimen
is observed until a certain time or until rupture. Viscoelastic creep curve i.e. strain against time
curve contains three main stages. As shown in Figure 1(b), the three stages are the primary,
secondary and tertiary creep stages where the strain rate is decreasing, uniform and increasing
respectively. These behaviour can be divided into two types namely linear and nonlinear VE and
each type can be described by different constitutive equation.
The PD model for VE creep behaviour is derived by proper substitution of VE creep constitutive
formula into material parameter in the PD formula. Several numerical tests were performed in
validating the VE-PD model by comparing the numerical data with the experimental data. Two of
the comparison results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2(a) shows the comparison of polypropylene
(PP) isotactic creep curve with six different loadings. Whilst, Figure 2(b) illustrates the shapes of
experimental and numerical PP specimens at the end of creep test. Both results demonstrate good
similarities between numerical and experimental data.
(a) (b)
Figure 2. (a) Comparison of PP isotactic creep curves with different loadings, (b) Comparison of PP specimen shape at the end of creep test

Tel: 6019-2735012
Muhammad Azim Azizi

Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering
Universiti Putra Malaysia
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MALAYSIA
Tel: 6013-6131202
Email: azimazizi86@yahoo.co.uk
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zainuddin Sajuri

Tel: 6013-3334747
Email: zsajuri@ukm.edu.my
Professor Dr. Ing. Nik Abdullah Nik Mohamed

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Universiti Pahang Malaysia
26600 Pekan Pahang MALAYSIA
Tel: 6012-3239664
Email: enikkeister.1@gmail.com
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
39
Fabrication of a Cobalt-free Cathode for an Intermediate-

temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
A fuel cell is an energy converter device that produces electricity through an electrochemical
reaction. Its working principle is similar to that of a regular battery, except that a fuel cell does
not keep its reactant within itself. The reactants (H 2 and O 2 ) of fuel cells are supplied by an external
source. Fuel cells can be divided into several types depending on the electrolyte used. Solid oxide fuel
cells (SOFCs) contain solid components, namely, electrolytes, electrodes (anode and cathode) and
an interconnect (Figure 1). SOFCs operate at elevated temperatures (~1000 °C). However, operating
at high temperatures leads to a durability issue. The materials of each component begin to undergo
degradation in prolonged periods of operation. This major limitation of SOFCs has prompted research
on intermediate-temperature SOFCs (IT-SOFCs).
Figure 1. SOFC assembly
However, reducing the operation temperature degrades the performance of existing components.
The cathode component made from lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) is known for its good
electrochemical performance in high-temperature SOFCs but is unable to perform well in intermediate
temperature ranges. Thus, new cathode materials need to be developed because these components
significantly influence the overall electrochemical performance of IT-SOFCs. Cathode materials for
IT-SOFCs usually contain cobalt elements, such as La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3−δ , which increase the oxidation–
reduction reaction activity. However, the existence of cobalt causes an increase in the material cost
and thermal expansion coefficient of the cathode. A high thermal expansion coefficient results in
thermal mismatch between the cathode and electrolyte. Thus, the UKM SOFC group aims to produce
a cobalt-free cathode from a perovskite structure that exhibits an electrochemical performance
comparable with that of cobalt-containing cathodes.

Professor Dr. Andanastuti Muchtar
Tel: 603-89213895
Email: muchtar@ukm.edu.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
CURRENT RESEARCH
40
Adaptive Mesh Refinement of Fluid-structure Interaction Using

Immersed Boundary Method
F luid-structure interaction (FSI) is an important and challenging phenomenon in multi-physics,

refering to the interaction between a flow field and a deformable or moveable structure which
plays a major role in several scientific and engineering fields. It is considered essential in many
engineering systems such as in aircraft wings, bridges, turbine blades, airbags, and tent-roofs. They
are also significant in many biological fields such as the circulation of blood through the arteries
and vein, air passage through the lungs, cellular immersion, the movement of red blood cells in
the plasma, and the swimming of jelly fishes. It is often difficult to develop analytical solutions to
the modelling of FSI problems due to their complex nature. It is also not always easy to experiment
on a specific problem due to their costly nature as well as the scarcity of the required facilities.
Numerical simulations are often the solution for the complex problems when investigating the basic
phenomenon involved in the fluid-structure interaction. Numerical simulations are usually supported
by experimental results in many scientific and engineering fields for the elimination or reduction of
the need for carrying out several experiments. Hence, over the last decade, much effort has been
channelled towards the development and application of accurate and efficient numerical methods
for solving complex FSI problems. In this research, a new concept of integrated Immersed Boundary
Method (IBM) with adaptive mesh refinement is developed to solve complex incompressible and
viscous fluid and elastic body problems.
Figure1. Simulating flows with moving rigid boundaries by using IBM with AMR technique
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
41
This study aims to improve the solution near the fluid-structure interface in order to use adaptive
refinement schemes. This is required because the structure possibly significantly affects the flow
field and it is, therefore, essential to capture the boundary layers precisely. Instead, combined with
boundary meshes, spatial adaptivity allows fluid mesh refinement without deterioration of the fluid
mesh’s quality.
To achieve these aims, adaptive mesh refinement code for 2D local fluid meshes was developed in
order to refinement the node near the structure. In this research and for the best knowledge of the
authors, a numerical technique is developed based on adaptive mesh refinement integrated with
IBM to solve FIS problem. A benchmark two-dimension computation problem (e.g., cylinder) that
was introduced by Schäfer and Turek (1996) is utilised to validate the effectiveness of the developed
formulation and to visualise the significant enhancement on the fluid-solid interface solution. The
combining of IBM with refinement mesh to study fluid and elastic body interaction problems showed
promising results. The method also exhibited a good performance in obtaining a solution in a feasible
computation time. Finally, based on the attained results, future research efforts are proposed to
be investigated. Figure 1 shows simulation flows with moving rigid boundaries by using IBM with
Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) technique.

Dr. Mohammad Rasidi Mohammad Rasani
Tel: 6019-3915330
Email: rasidi@ukm.edu.my
Tel: 6019-2735012
Mohammad Suleman Mohammad

Tel: 6011-14298808
Email: maldleme@yahoo.com
Tuan Mohammad Yusoff Shah Tuan Ya

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS
32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak, MALAYSIA
Tel: 6019-3347581
Email: tyusoff.ty@petronas.com.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
CURRENT RESEARCH
42
A Home for Children with Autism:

Residential Spaces Intervention in Malaysia
T his research will be focusing on living spaces for children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
The increasing number of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has alerted many on
health and safety because these children are prone to injuries. Therefore, it is very important to
provide these children with homes that are educationally interactive, healthy and safe. Many studies
emphasised on the importance of the learning environment for autistic children, but none have
focused on the idea of inclusive and universal design in houses. The aim is to establish a relationship
between the physical environment and the architectural factors in order to recognise autism-friendly
inclusive house designs.
Figure 1. Triad of ASD categorisation

(Source: https://amongsthumans.com/the-autistic-child)
Autistic people think differently and have to struggle to understand the environment surrounding
them, such as the composition and layout of their living spaces. Alteration of activities or functions
from one space to another may cause conflict for their brain to compute, leading to a panic attack.
Hierarchy of learning space attributes by Fred Kent shows the importance of space characteristics that
make a space appealing and encouraging to people. The most basic space characteristic is access and
linkages to be associated with autism in calming their problems in changes of spaces and functions
in a building. Once comfortable and clear with the flow and movement, they will then attempt to
engage themselves with functions and activities of the spaces. A space that can build comfort and
confidence may lead them to develop social skills.
These discussions have been structured based on the association between space attributes and the
autistic sensory needs. Autism has a wide range of symptoms and these differences make it difficult
for architects to customise a public space for autistic children. However, it is possible to create
a calm and conducive living environment in a residential building. Some suggestions highlighted
are focusing on sensory modification (Mostafa, 2008; Sanchez et.al, 2011) with the hierarchy of
learning space attributes by Fred Kent namely, access and linkages; used and activities; sociability
and; comfort and images.

Pn. Nur Amirah Abd. Samad
Department of Architecture,
Tel: 603-89118378
Email: amirahsamad@ukm.edu.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
43
Identifying Local Setting through Motifs of Traditional Woodcarving
T ypes of motifs, which are located at traditional house, are influenced by many factors including the
reasons the motifs are chosen. Carving motifs are capable to interpret the story of some places in
that period instead of bringing the aesthetic value to the house itself. The objective of this research
place just by looking through the motifs element. It can be done through analysis by
is to determine the topography, economy and historical value on a place just by looking through
Kleinbauer W.E (1989) which uses selection elements of motifs, materials used and types of
the motifs element. It can be done through analysis by Kleinbauer W.E (1989) which uses selection
houses. of
elements This research
motifs, also suggest
materials used and that architecture
types of houses.nowadays and past
This research should bring
also suggest out the
that architecture
spirit of traditional house so that what we have now can be told to the
nowadays and past should bring out the spirit of traditional house so that what we have now next generation to can
create the continuity between the past and present as well as to maintain
be told to the next generation to create the continuity between the past and present as well as to our national
identity.
maintain our national identity.

Figure
Fig u re 1.1.T yTypes
p es ofofmmotifs regularly
otifs reg usedininMMalay
u la rly u sed traditional
a la y tra d ition a l h house
ou se

Carving motifs for each state has differences in language although it shares the same name. It
Carving motifs for each state has differences in language although it shares the same name. It shows
the uniqueness
shows of motifs of
the uniqueness chosen
motifs and tells their
chosen and own
tells historical
their own story that had
historical notthat
story been fully
had known
not been yet.
Data collection
fully known process is important
yet. Data collection in process
creating is
an important
everlasting in
design between
creating traditional and
an everlasting modern
design
period yet retaining our national identity thatretaining our national identity that had been lost.
between traditional and modern period yet had been lost. This can be seen especially in modern
housing design,
This can which
be seen is not fully
especially taken from
in modern our identity
housing design, but inspired
which is not and influenced
fully by colonist
taken from our
designs.
identity This research
but is also
inspired and done to emphasise
influenced the meaning
by colonist designs. of This
localresearch
spirit, which might
is also reflect
done to the
method of learning
emphasise especially
the meaning in designing.
of local spirit, which might reflect the method of learning especially
in designing.
Azreena Abu Bakar
Azreena Abu Bakar
Tel: 0196783712
Email: azreena@ukm.edu.my
Tel: 0196783712
Email: azreena@ukm.edu.my

Development of Strategies for Sustainable Building Design using
Traditional Malay House Concept

INNOVATE
The Traditional Malay house concept has been naturally developed VOLUME 10of years and
for hundreds
proven to provide sustainable solutions for residential building in Malaysia, a country with
CURRENT RESEARCH
44
Development of Strategies for Sustainable Building Design using

Traditional Malay House Concept
T he Traditional Malay house concept has been naturally developed for hundreds of years and
proven to provide sustainable solutions for residential building in Malaysia, a country with hot
and humid climate. Its concept has successfully optimised the natural environment such as for natural
ventilation and lighting. However, nowadays, its existence has to face threats from development and
modernisation of construction industry and human social culture. Recently, many modern residential
developments have forgotten the importance of building context, human social and culture needs,
as well as local climatic environment. Thus, this leads to creating homes that only provide human
shelter for extreme outdoor environment but consuming a large amount of energy, ignoring the
human need for good indoor environment quality. This research explores the concept of traditional
Malay house combined with recent development of Industrialised Building System (IBS) concept to
develop a set of strategies for affordable and sustainable building envelops. The developed set of
strategies is expected to improve the indoor environment quality of the buildings and at the same
time, able to reduce the energy consumption of the building.
Traditional Malay House Modern Home

Figure 1. The effects of void in the studied buildings
Figure 1 shows photos of traditional Malay house together with a modern home designed by the
author that are using similar strategies for indoor environment quality: high ceiling, opening at
roof level, large windows, and introduction of verandah/balcony. The initial findings of this study
revealed that both houses have good natural ventilation and lighting thus contributing to better
indoor environmental quality.

Dr. Mohd Farid Mohamed
Tel: 603-89116842
Email: faridmohamed@ukm.edu.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
45
A Method for Fabricating a Hot-wire Probe Sensing Element
W e successfully filed an intelectual property (IP) for an invention to fabricate a hot-wire

sensing element, with registration Malaysia Patent No. PI 2017702101. The present invention
generally relates to hot-wire anemometers of the type, employed to measure wind turbulence. More
in hot-wire anemometers. Hot-wire is still an important and reliable technique and has been
particularly, the current invention relates to an apparatus and method for repair and manufacture
used for many decades in the turbulent boundary layer study because of its high capability
of a hot-wire probe for use in hot wire sensing applications, such as in hot-wire anemometers.
for use at is
Hot-wire very
stillhigh-frequency
an important and in the measurements
reliable technique and of the
hasvelocity
been usedfluctuation
for manyand velocity
decades in the
components. The hot-wire anemometers use a very fine wire
turbulent boundary layer study because of its high capability for use at very high-frequency (on the order of several
in the
micrometres)
measurementsmade of theof velocity
platinum or tungsten;
fluctuation this wire
and velocity is placed The
components. between
hot-wire the tips of the use
anemometers
support prong.
a very fine wireHot-wire is easy
(on the order of to break micrometres)
several for many reasons
made offor instance
platinum or vibration
tungsten; when in is
this wire
contact with flying dust or any sensitive movement. For this, our newly
placed between the tips of the support prong. Hot-wire is easy to break for many reasons for instance hot-wire fabricating
bench was when
vibration constructed
in contactto with
help flying
ease dust
the or
requirement
any sensitive of movement.
a focused For
research.
this, ourThe hot-wire
newly hot-wire
fabrication
fabricatingjig consists
bench of the three-dimensional
was constructed to help ease the(3D) traverse ofsystem
requirement to control
a focused research. the
Thesensor
hot-wire
fabrication
position and jig consists for
mounting of the three-dimensional
etching to control the (3D) traverse
sensor system
wire to etching
length, control the
set sensor position
up, cutter,
and mounting
welding equipment for etching
and a to control the This
microscope. sensor wire length,
system etching
is referred to set up, cutter, FabX.
as Hot-Wire welding equipment
The main
and of
idea a microscope.
the 3D traverse This system is referred
jig is used to as Hot-Wire
to traverse and hold FabX. The
both main idea
hot-wire of the with
support 3D traverse
probe jig
is used to
manually in traverse and hold (x,
three directions both y, hot-wire support
and z). It withability
provides probeand manually in for
control three
the directions
movement (x, y,
and z). It provides ability and control for the movement under the microscope
under the microscope and this is especially important during soldering and etching processes. and this is especially
important during soldering and etching processes. Figure 1(a) shows the Hot-Wire FabX system with
Figure 1(a) shows the Hot-Wire FabX system with the requirements jigs. Figure 1(b) shows the
the requirements jigs. Figure 1(b) shows the ready hot-wire probe after the etching process.
ready hot-wire probe after the etching process.

Figure Figure
1 (a). Schemati c diagram ofdiagram
1 (a). Schematic the three-dimensional traverse systemtraverse
of the three-dimensional and system and Figure 1(b).Figure 1(b). Ready
Ready hot-wire hot-wire
after etching
after etching
the etching mounting
the etching of Wollaston-wire
mounting (Isometric (Isometric
of Wollaston-wire view) view)

A Afine
finegrit
gritsandpaper
sandpaper is required before
is required before soldering
soldering processes.
processes. Soldering
Soldering flux
flux is applied
is applied at theat portion
the
between
portion the Wollaston
between wire andwire
the Wollaston the and
support prong tips.
the support The tips.
prong primary The purpose
primary ofpurpose
flux is toof prevent
flux
is oxidation.
to prevent Distilled water was
oxidation. used to water
Distilled clean the newly-built
was used to sensor.
clean A the multimeter was used
newly-built to measure
sensor. A
the resistance of the new sensor, and finally, the sensor was balanced to obtain an acceptable
multimeter was used to measure the resistance of the new sensor, and finally, the sensor was
responseto
balanced during
obtain operation. For our
an acceptable research,
response the wollaston
during operation. wireFor produced by Sigmund
our research, Cohn Corp,
the wollaston
with a platinum core diameter of 5 microns (μm) and 2.5 microns (μm)
wire produced by Sigmund Cohn Corp, with a platinum core diameter of 5 microns (μm) were used. The Hot-Wire
and
2.5 microns (μm) were used. The Hot-Wire FabX facility is already in use and serves current at
FabX facility is already in use and serves current turbulence research.The Hot-Wire FabX located
the Laboratory
turbulence of Water and
research.The Beach Engineering,
Hot-Wire FabX located Faculty of Engineering
at the Laboratory and of Built Environment,
Water and Beach UKM
Bangi.
Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM Bangi.

There are many applications where hot-wire is used extensively. The main application is in aerodynamic
There are many applications where hot-wire is used extensively. The main application is in
application such as surface study of airfoil of hood or a side mirror of a car. We show an example
aerodynamic application
of surface roughness such
effect as surface
study on an study
airfoil.of airfoil
The of hood
effects or a side mirror
of highly-ordered rough of surface
a car. We
called
show
riblets, applied onto the surface of a NACA 0026 airfoil are investigated experimentally highly-
an example of surface roughness effect study on an airfoil. The effects of at friction
ordered
Reynolds rough
numberssurface called riblets,
approximately 280. applied onto the have
The experiments surface
beenof a NACA at
conducted 0026
the airfoil
Pangkorare wind
investigated
tunnel, UKM. Figure 2(a) shows a close up view of a riblet sheet with dimensions height, h =The
experimentally at friction Reynolds numbers approximately 280. 1 mm,
experiments have sbeen
pitch or spacing, conducted
= 2 mm. at the
Figure 2(b) Pangkor
shows a NACA wind
0026tunnel,
of 500UKM.
mm span,Figure 6002(a)
mmshows
chord a and
close
156 mm thickness with different riblet arrangement on it. Riblet strips of 45 mm wide and2 400
up view of a riblet sheet with dimensions height, h = 1 mm, pitch or spacing, s = mm. mm
Figure 2(b) been
long have shows a NACA on
arranged 0026
the of 500 mm
airfoil. span, riblet
Different 600 mm chord and
orientations have 156
beenmm applied
thickness with in
as shown
Figure 2(b).
different Riblets
riblet aligned with
arrangement theRiblet
on it. flow or yaw angle
strips of 45 αmm
= 0o,
wide is simply denoted
and 400 by z.have
mm long Likewise,
been the
converging
arranged on and
the diverging riblets with
airfoil. Different yaw orientations
riblet α = 10o (withhave respect been to applied
the flow as direction)
shown in areFigure
denoted
by c Riblets
2(b). and d respectively.
aligned with the flow or yaw angle α = 0o, is simply denoted by z. Likewise, the
converging and diverging riblets with yaw α = 10o (with respect to the flow direction) are
denoted by c and d respectively.

INNOVATE VOLUME 10
CURRENT RESEARCH
46
Figure 2 (b) Riblet arrangement on airfoil
In order to evaluate the effects of the riblet arrangement, the energy spectra are analyzed. All
representations of pre-multiplied energy spectra kxφuu are plotted against streamwise wavelength
λx = 2π/kx, where wave-number kx = 2πf/Uc, f is the frequency, and Uc is the convection velocity.
Figure 3 (a) z+ =15 in the near wall region (b) 0.5δ in the outer region. Black, blue and red lines represent converging, diverging, zero angle riblet
arrangement and the smooth surface respectively
Figure 3(a) and 3(b) show energy spectra at z+ = 15 in the near-wall region and z = 0.5δ respectively,
the superscript denotes near wall scale and δ is the boundary layer thickness. In the near-wall region,
the flow past a converging riblets shows energised λx+ = 1000, comparatively with higher energy as
compared with the diverging and zero angle riblets as expected. The small Reynolds numbers here
probably the main reason causing these features to scales with δ. More interestingly, flow pasts a
smooth surface displays large-scale structures that measure up to 20δ. This explains that the large
near-wall peak in the intensities profile are significantly contributed by the large-scale structures.
It suggests that the riblets break these features in the near-wall region. Similar to typical boundary
layer flows, Figure 3(b) shows energised structures approximately 4δ dominate the flow in the outer
region. Again, flows past converging, diverging and zero angle riblet arrangements have similar
characteristics. Flow past a smooth surface have wide range of long structures measuring 1 < δ < 20.
Ir. Dr. Zambri Harun

Department of Mechanical and material,
Tel: 603-89126518
Email: zambri@ukm.edu.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
47
Investigating the Durability Performance of a Lightweight Ballistic

S teel has been widely utilised in armour applications for its high strength and cheaper production.
It has relatively high density which has restricted the mobility of an armoured vehicle and has
motivated the researchers to find lighter materials to be integrated with existing armour steel,
satisfying the same level of protection shown in Figure 1. The current trend in military industry is to
integrate lightweight materials such as composites, aluminium alloys, titanium alloys and magnesium
alloys into armoured vehicle designs to reduce the vehicle weight for fuel consumption and vehicle
maneuverability improvement. Aluminium and its alloys offers a considerable potential for reducing
the weight of an armoured vehicle body due to their high stiffness-to-weight ratio, good formability,
good corrosion resistance, and recycling potential. Since aluminium plate have poor ballistic
performance, they are often utilised in multi-layered or spaced structures, in combination with other
materials. Layering aluminium plate with high strength steel has become an interest in reducing the
overall density of armour vehicle body while improving the ballistic perforation resistance.
The main criterion for an armoured vehicle performance is its ballistic impact resistant capability
resulting from high velocity impact by a low mass projectile. The materials used in the laminated panel
must also not compromise the stiffness and strength of the vehicle panel in both low velocity and
high velocity impact because structural resistance to severe impact is directly related to structural
integrity. Various methods exist to join plates, such as welding, riveting, brazing and adhesive bonding.
The adhesive and brazing mechanism significantly yield more advantages than other methods due to
its uniform stress distribution on a surface, resulting in a large stress-bearing area. Both methods
allow bonding among a wide range of laminated materials and have excellent damping and shock-
absorbing properties as well as impact resistance. Understanding the relation of these properties
and their response to the joining strength is essential to produce a reliable joint for metal laminate
panel. Introducing the joining material into the metal laminate panel would improve its ballistic
impact resistance. Thus, this research embarked to determine the suitable layering configuration and
bonding method to design a lightweight laminated panel for armoured vehicle application.
(a) (b)
Figure 1. (a) Armoured vehicle SIBMASS currently used by Malaysia Armed Forces, (b) Part from vehicle panel used in this research

Centre of Automotive Research
Tel: 603-89118411
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
CURRENT RESEARCH
48
Adsorption-fenton Oxidation Reactions for In Situ Detoxification
R ecent promising developments in various techniques used for wastewater remediation has
produced an improvement in treatment efficiency and in overcoming limitations compared to
conventional methods (Figure 1). An adsorption technique, for example, in the utilisation of low-
cost adsorbents was seamlessly developed to overcome the high-cost production of activated
carbon. Functionalisation of biomass from polymeric grafting, chemical-cross linked and decorated
nanomaterials were employed to remove, heavy metal ions, industrial effluent (dyes and pulp &
paper), and oil by adsorption processes. Whereas, to enhance the efficiency of water remediation,
assisted Fenton oxidation reaction improved the reaction time and regeneration of the adsorbent.
Figure 1. Bifunctional approaches of rapid remediation in wastewater treatment and removal

of inhibitors in detoxification technology for lignocellulosic bioconversion process
Another adsorption-oxidation approach is to detoxify inhibitors in lignocellulosic materials for

bioconversion process. The degradation of lignin and furan derivatives in oil palm empty fruit bunch
(EFB) fibers by a low concentration of H 2 O 2 was observed with the assistance of Fenton oxidation.
Altogether with pretreatment and further treatment, both techniques of Fenton oxidation and
adsorption shows significant improvement on the removal of selective inhibitors. Thus, these
combination techniques can play an important role in lignocellulosic bioconversion process as
enhancing conversion yield and improving separation and purification technology of hydrolysate in
the near future.

Dr. Mohd Shaiful Sajab
Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology
Tel: 603-89217106
Email: mohdshaiful@ukm.edu.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
49
Pilot-scale Integrated Pre-treatment/Membrane Filtration System

for Aerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment
P alm oil mill effluent (POME) is the single largest source of industrial wastewater pollution in
Malaysia. On account of its extremely high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen
demand (COD), oil and grease (O&G), total solids (TS) as well as suspended solids (SS), discharging of
POME into the water body may lead to severe pollution and affect the ecosystem of the water body
as the POME will deplete dissolved oxygen in the water body. Fish and other aquatic organisms might
die due to the depletion of dissolved oxygen in water body.
A pilot-scale integrated system combining the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) pre-treatment
coupled with ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technology was developed
in this project collaborated with Sime Darby Research Sdn. Bhd. to improve the water quality of
aerobic POME up to the standard in which it can be reuse and recycle as boiler feed water. The
results showed that the pilot-scale integrated pre-treatment/membrane filtration system was able
to remove a large amount of SS in aerobic POME and reduced the BOD, COD, total suspended solids
(TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), colour, phosphorus, turbidity, and conductivity up to 98.73%,
100%, 99.99%, 98.50%, 100%, 100%, 99.97%, and 98.53%, respectively. The success of this project
showed the great use of integrated pre-treatment/membrane filtration system for the treatment of
aerobic POME to meet boiler feed water standard, eventually leading to recycle and promoted for
internal plant usage.
(a) (b)
Figure 1. (a). Integrated pre-treatment/membrane filtration system (b). Outlook of pilot-scale integrated
pre-treatment/membrane filtration system located at Sime Darby KKS Tennamaram

Dr. Teow Yeit Haan
Tel: 603-89217095
Email: yh_teow@ukm.edu.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
CURRENT RESEARCH
50
Effective and Economic Disinfection Technology for Sewage

Treatment
S everal sewerage treatment plants operated by Indah Water Konsortium (IWK) Sdn. Bhd. are
producing high quality final effluent that are well below the Department of Environment (DOE)
Standard a limit. Hence, the treated effluent was found suitable to provide bio-effluent for non-
potable applications. Nevertheless, primary and secondary treatment cannot substantially remove
100% of the microbes in the effluent given that its source is domestic wastewater and thus there is
a risk for the spreading of pathogenic diseases and potential health hazards. As such, UKM research
team has collaborated with IWK for the development of an effective and economic disinfection
technology as one of the green technology initiatives to promote the reuse of treated sewage
effluent. Two bench-scale inetgrated disinfection system were fabricated to justify the effectiveness
of the disinfectant/disinfection unit and integrated disinfection process on IWK’s sewage effluent.
All disinfection processes studied in this project were able to produce zero pathogen and manage
to comply with United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) water reuse standard for
unrestricted area where the treated IWK’s effluent was safe for urban reuse, recreation, and irrigation,
except single stage disinfection unit using 0.2 μm microfiltration (MF) membrane, UV disinfection with
30 minutes exposure time, and integrated disinfection system with UV applying enviro multi-media
(EMM) as pre-treatment which only fulfill the criteria of USEPA water reuse standard in restricted
area for landscape and construction. From the economic point of view, the optimum disinfection
system suggested for restricted application is single stage chlorination disinfection, while integrated
disinfection system granular activated carbon and chlorination (GAC-Cl) is proposed for unrestricted
area by considering both capital cost estimation (CAPEX) and operational cost estimation (OPEX).
(a) (b)
Figure 1(a). Prototype of bench-scale integrated disinfection system (Membrane filtration + chlorination and membrane
filtration + UV) (b). Prototype of bench-scale integrated disinfection system
(GAC/EMM column + chlorination and GAC/EMM column + UV)

Dr. Teow Yeit Haan
Tel: 603-89217095
Email: yh_teow@ukm.edu.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
51
Palm Oil Mill Biogas Reactor Effluent Concentration for Production of

Organic Fertiliser and Water Reclamation Using an Integrated Forward
Osmosis Membrane Process
P alm oil mill effluent (POME) contains abundant valuable resources which can be recovered, such
as water, energy and nutrient. Anaerobic digester has been adopted to harvest the methane gas
for energy generation. However, the high nutrient content remains in the effluent from the biogas
reactor poses a challenge for the mill operator to discharge into the waterway. There is a potential to
recover the nutrient in the biogas reactor effluent and reuse it in the plantation as organic fertiliser.
Furthermore, the water can be reclaimed for reuse. In this study, forward osmosis (FO) membrane
process has been proposed to concentrate the palm oil biogas reactor effluent for the production of
organic fertiliser and water reclamation.
Figure 1. Descriptive diagram of the forward osmosis membrane process
This research is supported by DIP research grant and The Royal Society, UK. The research will be
conducted in three phases: development of pretreatment process prior FO to remove impurities
in the effluent (Phase 1), optimization of FO performance in concentrating the pretreated POME
(Phase 2) and reclamation of water and regeneration of draw solution (Phase 3). Such development
could significantly enhance the sustainability of palm oil industry, where the demand on non-
environmental friendly chemical fertiliser can be reduced and tap water consumption can be cut
down. The proposed integrated FO membrane process could also be adopted to handle waste in
other agricultural sectors, helping Malaysia to move towards a sustainable future.

Dr. Ang Wei Lun
Tel: 6017-4070017
Email: wl_ang@eng.ukm.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
Tel: 6017-4070017
Email: wl_ang@eng.ukm.my

Developing Skills Teachers Competency Model in the Malaysian
CURRENT RESEARCH
52 Skills Certification System
Developing
A competent teacher Skills Teachers
is an important Competency
element in the Model
teaching inand
thelearning
Malaysian process. Skills
The
Certification System
issues of competency among teachers at TVET institutions are being discussed at the national
level. Among the issues are the existence of competency gap among teachers because there
is no centralised teaching profile, minimal industrial exposures and lack of skills among the
A
teachers competent
of competency
teacher
(RMK-11). M.J.
among
is an important
Ahmad
teachers
Jalani
at
element
TVET
in the teaching
and Hasmori
institutions are
(2015) and
being
learning that
admitted
discussed at
process.
challenges in realising the implementation of TVET in Malaysia is creating quality teachers at
Among the issues are the existence of competency gap among teachers because there is no
the
one The
national
of issues
the
level.
the public skills training institutions. Skills teachers who are posted to teach at the public
centralised teaching profile, minimal industrial exposures and lack of skills among the teachers
accredited centers are diploma and degree holders in engineering from local universities and
(RMK-11). M.J. Ahmad Jalani and Hasmori (2015) admitted that one of the challenges in realising
abroad. The absence of of
the implementation TVET competency
in Malaysia framework causes
is creating quality difficulties
teachers at the in evaluating
public the
skills training
competency
institutions.of Skills
TVET teachers
teachers who (Ali Kaprawi
are posted & to Razzaly
teach at2010). The accredited
the public findings of this study
centers show
are diploma
that there is no empirical research done to develop Skills Teachers Competency
and degree holders in engineering from local universities and abroad. The absence of competency Model in the
Malaysian Skills Certification System who are teaching based on the National
framework causes difficulties in evaluating the competency of TVET teachers (Ali Kaprawi & Razzaly Occupation
Skills Standards
2010). (NOSS).
The findings The study
of this research
show objectives
that there isare:
no 1) to identify
empirical the done
research competency
to develop profile
Skills
and Teachers Competency
indicator needed by Model
skills inteachers
the Malaysian
based Skills Certification
on NOSS; System who
2) to develop are teaching
teacher competency based
on theand
model; National
3) to Occupation
verify the Skills Standardsmodel.
competency (NOSS). The
The research
research objectives are: 1)is toa identify
methodology modified the
competency
delphi profile
to obtain andconsensus
expert indicator needed by skills
in the areas in teachers
order to based
achieve on NOSS; 2) to
the first develop teacher
objective. Rasch
competency
Analysis Model model; andfor
is used 3) the
to verify
pilot the competency
study model.
and PLS-SEM is The research
used to meet methodology
the second isand
a modified
third
delphi to obtain expert consensus in the areas in order to achieve the first objective. Rasch Analysis
objectives of this research. Therefore, with the proposed competency model, it is able to
Model is used for the pilot study and PLS-SEM is used to meet the second and third objectives of this
harmonise the competencies needed by every skilled teacher who is teaching the NOSS-based
research. Therefore, with the proposed competency model, it is able to harmonise the competencies
programmes
needed by every at public skills who
skilled teacher training institutions.
is teaching Figure programmes
the NOSS-based 1 summarises at publicthe research
skills training
conceptual framework,
institutions. which is based
Figure 1 summarises on the conceptual
the research relevant literature
framework,reviews
which isand
based theories in this
on the relevant
study.
literature reviews and theories in this study.

Technical Competence

Pedagogical Competence
Skills Teachers

Competency
Social
and Personal Competence

Emotional Intelligence Competence
Figure 1: Research Conceptual Framework Summary for Skills Teachers Competency Model
Figure 1: Research Conceptual Framework Summary for Skills Teachers Competency Model


Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zulkifli Mohd Nopiah
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zulkifli Mohd Nopiah
Coordinator for Unit of Fundamental Engineering Studies
Coordinator for Unit of Fundamental Engineering Studies
Tel: 603-89126506
Email: zmn@ukm.edu.my
Tel: 603-89126506
Email: zmn@ukm.edu.my
Ms. Khuzainey Ismail
Tel: 6013-3887607
Email: khuzaineyismail@gmail.com
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
53
Development of Framework for the Generation of Engineering

Concept Design Ideas
T his study presents a framework that is used as guidance for students and the teaching staff
to apply phase flow and the right techniques in the process of generating ideas, especially in
courses which involve engineering and product design. The application of the correct technique for
engineering design concept requires creative solutions approach and a more specific engineering
analysis. Various models, frameworks and techniques have been developed to enhance creativity
and assist the process of product design. Based on previous studies, the researchers focused more
on the design framework of the process of new product development. However, a small number or
researchers developed a more specific framework to phase in the generation of ideas. Therefore, the
main objective of this study was to develop a framework based on the applicability and suitability
of techniques, relevance of the indicators and applicability of the framework in addition to the
effectiveness of the framework based on the success of the idea. In the process of data collection,
survey method using the questionnaire is used to obtain perceptions students and lecturers about
the applicability and suitability of the techniques.
The Fuzzy Delphi method is used to obtain the perception of the consensus of experts in the field
of relevance indicators and applicability framework. The method of quasi experiment is used in
determining the effectiveness of the framework on the success of the idea of the concept. The
sample consists of students, academic experts and industry experts who are involved in engineering
design and product design. The data is analysed descriptively based on the frequency, percentage,
mean, median and standard deviation. Meanwhile, the analysis of the test involves independent
t-test, One-Way Anova and Pearson Correlation.
Findings show that the seven techniques which have the highest frequency and applicability scores
are Brainstorming, Morphological Analysis, Mind Map, Quality Function Deployment (QFD), Theory
of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), Product Design Specification (PDS), and Analytical Hierarchy
Process (AHP). Meanwhile, the elements and techniques are highly relevant and can be used as a
guide in the process of generating ideas for engineering concept design. Analyses show that there
are significant differences between framework effectiveness and the success of ideas between
groups (Figure 1). Overall, the framework is highly usable and is suitable as a guide which can result
in faster and more systematic idea generation process strategy, which includes analysis of needs and
engineering elements. Furthermore, it also helps with the generation of ideas that have a high level
of novelty, variety, quality, and quantity.

Figure
Figure1:1:Research
Researchconceptual
conceptualframework
framework


Fellow, Centre for Engineering Education Research
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
Tel: 603-89216104
Professor Dr. Dzuraidah Abd Wahab

CURRENT RESEARCH
54

Tel: 603-89216104
Professor Dr. Dzuraidah Abd Wahab

Tel: 603-89216118
Email: dzuraidah@ukm.edu.my
Assoc. Prof. Ir Dr. Rizauddin Ramli

Tel: 603-89217022
Email: rizauddin@ukm.edu.my
Ms. Nor Mahani Md Rasidi

Tel: 6012-6116406
Email: normahani9116@gmail.com
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
55
Development and Effectiveness Evaluation of Zero Emission

Technology (Fuel Cell) Learning and Facilitation Modules for Schools
in Malaysia
T he study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of learning and facilitation modules of
PEMFCs fuel cells, a type of zero emission technology that includes science practical skills and
engineering design challenge by integrating constructivism and Futures Thinking to raise awareness
on sustainable energy use among upper secondary school students. The level of knowledge between
the experimental group and the control group will be verified after the experiment of achievement
test done. The result from this experiment will be clarified on how to assess knowledge related to
energy resources, the skills in explaining phenomena scientifically (degradation of energy sources
and pollution caused by conventional energy sources), to evaluate and design scientific enquiry
(describe steps in Futures Thinking and propose ways to achieve sustainable future) and to interpret
data and evidence scientifically (analyse and evaluate energy sources and propose ways to addressing
the situation scientifically).
The effectiveness of the PEMFCs fuel cell learning and facilitating modules in improving the results
of the students’ achievement test on the mentioned skills will be evaluated. Furthermore, the study
determines the skills of engineering design for sustainable development goals among experimental
group of students who have followed the teaching and facilitating using fuel cell modules. Teachers
and students’ views on the developed module related to steps of Futures Thinking by Jones (2012)
in fostering awareness and engineering design ability of students in the field of energy will be
identified. Students’ performance in tests after teaching and fuel cell dissemination in schools will
be reviewed. Quantitative and qualitative researches are combined to provide a clearer picture.
Open-ended survey questions and Likert scale questionnaires will be conduct to obtain feedback
on the effectiveness and suitability of modules developed in the context of renewable energy uses.
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) education kit
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
CURRENT RESEARCH
56

Professor Dato’ Ir. Dr. Hj.Wan Ramli bin Wan Daud
Tel: 603-89216409
Email: wramli@ukm.edu.my
Dr. Mohd Shahbudin Mastar@Masdar

Tel: 603-89216409
Email: shahbud@ukm.edu.my
Ms. Tan Pey Fang

Tel: 6012-5409918
Email: tanpeyfang@gmail.com
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
57
Low Temperature Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Fuels

and Chemicals
G lobal warming and climate change are attributed to the increasing carbon dioxide (CO 2 )
concentration in the atmosphere. The concentration of CO 2 in the atmosphere consequently
increased from 280 ppm before the industrial revolution to 407 ppm in July, 2017. It was predicted
to reach 570 ppm by the end of the century. Thus, various strategies for the separation, capture,
storage, and conversion of CO 2 have been developed to reduce atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Of
these strategies, CO 2 utilisation is the most promising alternative because not only it can reduce CO 2
concentration but it can also convert CO 2 into C1 valuable products, such as methanol (CH 3 OH), formic
acid (CHOOH), carbon monoxide (CO), and methane (CH 4 ). Meanwhile, although CO 2 utilisation has
been explored for centuries, the catalytic conversion of CO 2 , such as hydrogenation reaction, offers
challenging opportunities for energy sustainability and the environment.
(a) (b) (c)

Figure 1. (a) Reactor and experimental set-up, (b) Several type of heterogeneous catalyst and (c) Products mixture
In this work, we carried out the CO 2 hydrogenation at lower temperature compared to other
conventional method. This work was carried out in autoclave reactor at reaction temperature
ranging of 100-130 ºC in the presence of Pd, Ni, Cu, Ag, Co and Fe based catalysts. At optimum
condition of H 2 :CO 2 ratio of 3:1 at 130 ºC, 30 bar, 4 hours of reaction, it successfully converted ~40%
CO 2 into liquid products such as formic acid (> 90% selectivity) and alcohols (~10% selectivity). The
green and environmental friendly solvents namely water and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran showed a
good potential in this reaction. The potential of this work can reduce the energy consumption during
CO 2 conversion reaction, overcome the hydrogen storage issues and utilise the wasted CO 2 into other
valuable products in the future.

Dr. Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak
Department of Chemical and Process Engineering
Tel: 603-89216424
Email: wannorroslam@ukm.edu.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
CURRENT RESEARCH
58
Biological Cell Model Membrane for Antibacterial Resistance

Assessment
T he increasing number of microorganism becoming resistance to antibiotics, multidrug resistance

(MDR) has become serious problem to public health. Even though there are still many traditional
antibiotics that can be used but they will eventually become less effective. There are many ways
that the microorganism such as bacteria could gain resistance to antibiotic. For example, overuse of
antibiotics, evolution in the bacteria’s DNA and the ability of transferring antibiotic-resistance gene
from one microorganism to another. It had created urgency in the issue of demand for exploration
of novel antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently been considered as potential
novel antibiotics because of their broad spectrum activities towards microorganism and they also
have different mechanism of action compared to conventional antibiotics. It is important to study
the interaction of the antibiotic directly with the bacterial cell membrane in order to gain insight
on how those factors that contribute to MDR could be prevented. Most of the previous studies
were using real cell which are more complex, has specific and limited activities. This can make the
studies of development MDR strain not easily accomplished. The keys that need to be considered
for lipid-peptide interaction are peptide binding to the membrane surface, re-alignment and deeper
immersion into lipid bilayer and membrane rupture. The majority of AMPs are believed to act upon
bacterial membrane by making them leaky, punching holes through them or solubilising them (Figure
1).
Figure 1. Interaction of AMPs with bacterial cell membrane
The work carried out in determining the mode of action employed by AMPs to interact with
bacteria cell membrane is supported by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme under project entitled
‘Synthesis and characterisation of biological cell membrane for antibacterial resistance assessment ’.
By conducting this research, the biological cell membrane that mimics the nature of the bacteria
cell membrane will be synthesised then the interaction of antibiotics with the model membrane is
expected to occur at membrane cell wall. The understanding of interaction mechanism will help to
improve the stability of AMP and the optimum condition for antibiotics activity will also be obtained.

Dr. Darman Nordin
Tel: 603-89216968
Email: darman@ukm.edu.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
RESEARCH
ACTIVITIES
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
60


BACKGROUND
Background

T
The he
mechanical
Department
Department
offering
manufacturing
academic
and
of Mechanical
of Mechanical
manufacturing
engineering
and Materials
and Materials
programmes for
engineering
disciplines.
Engineering
Engineering
bachelor,
disciplines.
In addition,
and
was established
was established
masters,
In addition,
the department
doctorate
academic programmes for bachelor, masters, and doctorate levels in the mechanical and
the several
utilises
levels
department
in 1985,
in 1985, offering
in the
utilises
financial
several
resources financial
available resources
such as an available such
internal and as anresearch
external internalgrant
ands external research
to develop grants to
certain fields
of research,
develop such
certain as of
fields Materials
research,Processes, Structural Processes,
such as Materials Integrity, Structural
Noise and Integrity,
Vibration, Noise
Automotive,
and Vibration,Computational
Automotive,Mechanics,
ComputationalThermo-fluids,
Mechanics, Energy and Advanced
Thermo-fluids, Manufacturing
Energy and Advanced
which serve as the
Manufacturing whichbackbone
serve asof the
the backbone
academic excellence of the department
of the academic excellence of members. The
the department
level of development and achievement attained by the department
members. The level of development and achievement attained by the department are are reflected by its long
list of publications, designs, and products released. The department has five research groups
reflected by its long list of publications, designs, and products released. The department
supporting its research activities namely:
has five research groups supporting its research activities namely:

1.
1. Advanced Materials Processing and Integrity (AMPI)
Advanced Materials Processing and Integrity (AMPI)
2.
2. Computational and Experimental Mechanics (CEM)
Computational and Experimental Mechanics (CEM)
3.
3. Advanced Vehicle Technology and System (VTECH)
Advanced Vehicle Technology and System (VTECH)
4. Advanced Manufacturing Research Group (AMREG)
4. Advanced Manufacturing Research Group (AMREG)
5. Precision Engineering (PERSIS)
5. Precision

Engineering (PERSIS)
The department is also collaborating its research activities with Centre for Automotive
The department
Research (CAR) in is alsothe
which collaborating its research
majority of CAR activities
research fellows are with
from Centre for Automotive
the Department of
Research (CAR) in which the majority
Mechanical and Materials Engineering. of CAR research fellows are from the Department of
Mechanical
and Materials Engineering.

Research collaboration
Research collaboration
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
61

Research facilities
Research facilities
Research facilities

Research activities
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
62 Research activities


Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zainuddin Sajuri

Head, Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering
Faculty of
Engineering and Built Environment
43600 UKM
Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MALAYSIA
Telephone : +603-8911 8390 / 8017 Fax : +603-8925 9659

E-mail: kjkmb@ukm.edu.my

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

63
Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO)
T he Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO) was established in

October 2012 at the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment in line with the effort
by the Malaysian government to address various sustainability issues faced by the country.
The focus of CESPRO is on the development of innovative process technology that will
enhance the quality of life in the processing industry. CESPRO has been established to
provide an avenue for researchers who are interested in this focus area to work together
on common multidisciplinary projects together with various stakeholders. Its vision is
to become a renowned Research Centre of Excellence that develops sustainable process
technology for the wellbeing of society and the environment. In order to achieve the vision,
CESPRO will undertake to accomplish the following objectives:
• To explore and develop innovative ideas on sustainable process technology through

effective research
• To train competent researchers who will be able to contribute to industry specifically
and society as a whole
• To disseminate knowledge in order to educate and enrich the industry and society
• To establish network, research collaboration and cooperation at national level and
globally
MAIN RESEARCH AREAS

The researchers in CESPRO come from diverse areas of expertise : engineering, environment,
chemistry, biology/biotechnology and renewable energy. Since its establishment, CESPRO
has published more than 100 high impact journal articles and filed several intellectual
properties with MyIPO and WIPO. The broad focus areas of research at CESPRO comprises
of:
• Process System Engineering Research Group
• Green Process Engineering Research Group
• Scale-up and Downstream Processing Research
NETWORKING
• Sime Darby Foundation
• Sime Darby Research Sdn. Bhd.
• CRAUN Research Sdn. Bhd.
• IWK Consortium Sdn. Bhd.
• SIRIM Sdn. Bhd.
• Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technology Research (TISTR)
• Feng Chia University, Taiwan
• Chiba University, Japan
• Qatar University, Qatar
• Universitas Sumatra Utara, Indonesia
• Khon Kaen University, Thailand
• Swansea University, UK
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
64

Major Research Projects

MAJOR RESEARCH PROJECTS
(a) Zero Waste Technology For Palm Oil Processing

(a) Zeroas Waste
UKM, one of Technology
five research For Palm Oil in
universities Processing
Malaysia with a strategic aim to be the regional
leader in research and academic excellence, was shortlisted from the list of seven universities
U KM, as one of five research universities in Malaysia with a strategic aim to be the
which presented a proposal on the aforementioned subject. The Governing Council of Yayasan
Sime
model
Darby leader
regional
will
found UKM’s
bring a variety
proposal
in research
of
and
benefits
to academic
be most interesting
to the palm
excellence,
oil industry
and
waswith
towards
seven universities which presented a proposal on the aforementioned subject. The Governing
great potentials
shortlisted
the “Zero
from the
Waste”
as the
list of
goal.
UKM is represented by its Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment.
Council of Yayasan Sime Darby found UKM’s proposal to be most interesting and with great

potentials as the model will bring a variety of benefits to the palm oil industry towards the
The objective of the collaboration between Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,
“Zero Waste” goal. UKM is represented by its Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment.
UKM and Yayasan Sime Darby is (i) to establish the “Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia –
Yayasan Sime Darby Chair for Sustainable Development – Zero Waste Technology” based on
The objective of the collaboration between Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,
an endowment by Yayasan Sime Darby to UKM; (ii) to provide a platform for a mutually
UKM and Yayasan
beneficial partnership Sime DarbyUKM
between is (i)and
toYayasan
establish Sime the “Universiti
Darby Kebangsaan
and companies Malaysia
within the Sime –
Yayasan Sime Darby Chair for Sustainable Development – Zero Waste
Darby group in pursuing research excellence in sustainable palm oil processing technology; Technology ” based
on(iii)
anto endowment by Yayasan Sime Darby to UKM; (ii) to provide a platform
invite relevant international experts to address knowledge gaps and further promote for a mutually
beneficial
advancement partnership between
in research UKM and Yayasan
and development Simetechnology
in green Darby andand companies within
innovative the Sime
practices,
Darby
which group in pursuing
will ultimately research
lead excellence
to zero waste palm inoil sustainable palm oil processing
processing technology technology;
that will ensure the
(iii) to invite relevant
sustainability international
of the palm experts
oil industry; to address
and (iv) to develop knowledge
expertise gaps
and and furtherhuman
competent promote
resource in ecological
advancement in research footprint to determine in
and development Malaysia’s status of s ustainable
green technology and innovativedevelopment
practices,
based primarily on the ecological footprint to track the impact
which will ultimately lead to zero waste palm oil processing technology that will ensure of Zero Waste Technology on the
the palm oil industry.
sustainability of the palm oil industry; and (iv) to develop expertise and competent human

resource in ecological footprint to determine Malaysia’s status of sustainable development
In addition, the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM and Yayasan Sime Darby
based primarily on the ecological footprint to track the impact of Zero Waste Technology on
wished to enhance relations and develop academic exchange in the areas of education and
research and have agreed upon several activities/program mes such as research, post-
graduate fellowships, post-doctoral fellowships, acedemic supervision, and training
Incollaboration
addition, theon Faculty
green of Engineering
and innovative and zero Built
waste Environment, UKM technology
palm processing and Yayasanand Sime Darby
other
wished
related to enhance
fields, relations
specific research and develop
generated on academic
projection exchange in innovative
of green and the areas zero of education
waste
and
palm research
processing andtechnology
have agreed upon related
and other several fields,
activities/programmes
visits by renowned such as research,
professors and
post-graduate
academics with fellowships, post-doctoral
specific expertise fellowships,on acedemic
and quantifications green and supervision, and waste
innovative zero training
collaboration
palm processing on technology,
green and innovative
dissemination zeroof waste
knowledge palmthrough
processing
public technology and other
lecture , seminars,
workshops
related and
fields, outreach
specific programmes,
research generatedpublications in widely
on projection of known
green andand innovative
recognised journals
zero waste
and processing
palm articles, seminar papers and
technology and other
books related
which can
fields,enhance
visits the programme,
by renowned awards in and
professors
recognition of excellence and furthering the cause on issues related to zero waste
academics with specific expertise and quantifications on green and innovative zero waste technology
: book
palm awards, certificates,
processing technology,financial stipends,
dissemination ofcommunity
knowledgeengagements,
through public and lecture,
contribution of
seminars,
workshops and outreach programmes, publications in widely known and recognised journals
and articles, seminar papers and books which can enhance the programme, awards in
recognition of excellence and furthering the cause on issues related to zero waste technology
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
65
: book awards, certificates, financial stipends, community engagements, and contribution

of knowledge and input fo future sustainable practices related to zero waste technology in
(b) Zero Waste Sago Processing
CRAUN Research Sdn. Bhd., SIRIM Berhad, UKM and NITSEI Sago Industries Sdn. Bhd.
intended to establish cooperation in developing a demonstration plant for the integrated
treatment of sago processing wastes at NITSEI’s sago mill, Sungai Bedok, Mukah, Sarawak.
The objective of the research is to encourage and promote the cooperation in the areas of
development of a model plan for the treatment of sago mill effluent to minimise pollution,
development of a model plant for the treatment of wet sago repos (hampas) and integration
of the waste treatment processes.
(c) Development and Surface Interaction Study of Low-Fouling Nano-Filtration Membrane

for Desalination
The experimental investigation to satisfy the objectives of this project include preparation
of low-fouling membranes, characterisation of membranes, fouling control test such as
scaling control test, NOM fouling control test, biofouling control test, flux recovery test,
membrane module development and durability test, optimisation of fouling control, and
quantification of NF membrane properties by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).
(d) Research Study on Effective and Economic Disinfection Technology
Indah Water Konsotium Sdn. Bhd. (IWK) has appointed UKM to undertake the R&D project
on the study of effective and economic disinfection technology for treated effluent after
the regional/centralised sewage treatment.
There are several regional/centralised IWK sewerage treatment plans that are producing
high quality final effluent that are well below the DOE Standard A limit. Hence, the treated
effluent is found suitable to provide bio-effluent for non-potable applications. Nevertheless,
as there are presences of microbes within the bio-effluent given that its source is domestic
wastewater, there is a risk of pathogenic and potential health hazards microorganisms.
Given the intent to promote the reuse of treated wastewater effluent which is considered as
one of the green technology initiatives, it is best to provide efficient disinfection treatment
to reduce the risk of biological hazard to any of end users.
Several commercially available disinfectant/disinfection unit such as chlorination, ultra-

violet (UV), membrane filtration, and integrated disinfection process such as granular
activated carbon (GAC)/envirosource multi-media (EMM) pretreatment + UV disinfection,
membrane filtration pretreatment + UV disinfection, GAC/EMM pretreatment + Chlorination
disinfection, and membrane filtration pretreatment + chlorination disinfection have been
considered in this project to study the cost, sustainability, operability, compatibility,
and efficiency of each disinfection system to recommend the suitable option for IWK
consideration.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
66
(e) Future Biorefineries: Unlocking the Potential of Fine Chemicals and Value Added
Byproducts
One of the main projects led by CESPRO researchers is “Future Biorefineries: Unlocking
the Potential of Fine Chemicals and Value Added Byproducts”. This Future Biorefineries
under Long Research Grant Scheme (LRGS) programme consists of multi-disciplinary team of
experts investigating in six main areas on the future Biorefineries. The sub-programmes are:
Project 1: Biochemical platform for production of bio based fine chemicals

Project 2: Thermochemical platform for production of fine chemicals
Project 3: Advanced purification methods for liquid based fine chemicals
Project 4: Advanced technology for upgrading of biogas and syngas
Project 4: Advanced technology for upgrading of biogas and syngas
Project 5: Integration of technologies and supply chain management to enhance the
Project 5: Integration of technologies and supply chain management to enhance the
sustainability of biorefineries
sustainability of biorefineries
Project 6: Policyresearch
Project 6: Policy researchto toenhance
enhanceinnovation
innovationand
andrisk
riskmanagement
managementto tosupport
supportthe
the
National
National Biomass Strategy Biomass Strategy

Research
Research and
and development
development in in Future
Future Biorefineries
Biorefinerieshave
havebeen
beenconducted
conducted for for production
production of of
varieties
varieties of
of biorefinery
biorefinery products since 2013.
products since 2013.The
Theresearch
researchwork
work carried
carried out
out in this
in this project
project
provides
provides aa significant
significant step
step in
in opening new opportunities
opening new opportunitiesand
andpath
path towards
towards innovative
innovative and and
sustainable biomass industry in Malaysia.
sustainable biomass industry in Malaysia.

Fermentation to
produce range of
Biochemical fine chemicals
Pretreatment Hydrolysis
Platform and biofuels
Biooil Extraction
Biooil Extraction to obtain range
Pyrolysis of fine chemicals
and biofuels
Biomass
Biochar for soil
Thermochemical
enhancement
Platform
Biogas/
Biosyngas Precursors for
Gasification Conditioning and various reactions
Separation

The centre also actively organised several conferences and seminars at national and
The centre also actively organised several conferences and seminars at national and
international level in order to intervene, share technology and foster active collaboration
international level in order to intervene, share technology and foster active collaboration
with allall parties
with parties in
in the
the centre,
centre, faculties and universities
faculties and universitiesrespectively.
respectively. Among
Among the
the conferences
conferences
and seminars organised by the centre
and seminars organised by the centre are: are:

INNOVATE VOLUME 10
67

• 4 th �Conference on Future Biorefineries, 13 th -15 -15March 2016, Adya Hotel, Langkawi.
th t h th t h
4 Conference on Future Biorefineries, 13 March 2016, Adya Hotel, Langkawi.
th
th th
� 4 Conference on Future Biorefineries, 13 -15 March 2016, Adya Hotel, Langkawi.

th th th
• 5 th �Seminar
5 Seminar
on LRGSon LRGS Project
Project Future
Future Biorefineries,
Biorefineries, 8 th 8-10
-10
th December
December 2016, Pulai
2016, Pulai
5 Spring, Skudai, Johor.
th th th
Spring,
� Skudai, on
Seminar Johor.
LRGS Project Future Biorefineries, 8 -10 December 2016, Pulai
• �Spring, Skudai, Johor.
Workshop on Membrane and Fabrication, Dr. Arun Isloor, June, Faculty Engineering
� �
and Built
Workshop on Membrane
Environment, UKM and Fabrication, Dr. Arun Isloor, June, Faculty Engineering
• �
Two-day and Built Environment, UKM
Workshop Workshop on Membrane
on Membrane Technology
and Fabrication, and
Dr. Application,
Arun Isloor, June, Prof. Dato’Engineering
Faculty Ir. Dr. Abdul
Wahab�and Built Environment, UKM
Two-day
Mohammad Workshop
& Dr. on
TeowMembrane
Yeit Haan, Technology and Application,
Faculty Engineering and BuiltProf. Dato’ Ir. Dr.
Environment,
�
UKM Two-day Workshop on Membrane Technology and Application, Prof. Dato’ and
Abdul Wahab Mohammad & Dr. Teow Yeit Haan, Faculty Engineering Built
Ir. Dr.
• Bengkel Environment, UKM
Abdul Wahab Mohammad
Penggunaan & Dr. Teow
dan Operasi Yeit Haan,
Selamat AnhidratFaculty Engineering
Ammonia dalam and Projek
Built
� Bengkel Penggunaan
Environment, UKM dan Operasi Selamat
Penyelidikan, Mr. Monagalingam, Teknogas Sdn. Bhd, 24 t hJune 2016 Anhidratth Ammonia dalam Projek
• � Penyelidikan,
Bengkel Mr.
Penggunaan Monagalingam,
dan OperasiTeknogas
Selamat Sdn. Bhd, 24
Anhidrat
Workshop on POME Treatment and Handling, Mrs. Noort hIrma Nazahida, Mr. Rahmat June 2016
Ammonia dalam Projek
�Penyelidikan,
Ngteni, Workshop
Mr. Syedon
Mr.
MohdPOME Treatment
Monagalingam,
Hadi and Mr.
Handling,
Teknogas
Syed Hilmi, Mrs.
Sdn. Bhd, 24
Khairul Muis Noor Irma Nazahida,
June 2016
Mohamed Yusof, SimeMr. Rahmat
Darby
� Ngteni, Mr. Syed Mohd Hadi Syed Hilmi, Mr. Khairul Muis Mohamed Yusof, Sime Darby
Workshop thon POME Treatment and Handling, Mrs. Noor Irma Nazahida, Mr. Rahmat
Research, 30 December 2016, Faculty Engineering and Built Environment, UKM
th
Ngteni, Mr. Syed Mohd Hadi Syed Hilmi, Mr. Khairul Muis Mohamed Yusof, Sime Darby
th
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
68

For
further correspondence, kindly contact:
Prof. Ir. Dr. Mohd. Sobri Takriff

Head, Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology
Faculty
Prof. Ir.ofDr.
Engineering andTakriff
Mohd. Sobri Built Environment
Head, Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MALAYSIA
E-mail: sobritakriff@ukm.edu.my
E-mail: sobritakriff@ukm.edu.my

INNOVATE VOLUME 10
69
Centre for Automotive Research (CAR)
T he Centre for Automotive Research (CAR) was officially established as a research

centre within the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, UKM in February
2009. The conception of CAR was first mooted in 2007, with a view of synergising existing
research in automotive engineering. Since 2002, members of the Faculty who now work
collectively within CAR have carried out various research on vehicle dynamics and on
internal combustion engines (ICE). Areas of study include vehicle safety; vehicle noise,
vibration and harshness (NVH); tyre dynamics; vehicle ergonomics; aerodynamic stability
of vehicles; automotive engine design; fatigue of vehicle components; and automotive
applications of the honeycomb structure. These research have been funded by various
sources, including UKM’s internal research grant, the Ministry of Science, Technology and
Innovation (MOSTI), the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) and others. Research at CAR
also involves active collaboration with other local and private academic institutions as
well as automotive industries.
The centre’s vision and mission are to be an international centre of excellence referred to
by regional automotive industries and, to be a centre of knowledge for multidisciplinary
research, development and professional services in automotive technology.
MAIN RESEARCH AREAS

• Eco Based Automotive Design and Process
• Intelligent Vehicle Communication (IVC) – Intelligent Control Unit
• Vehicle Ergonomic and Comfort
• Fuel Efficient Vehicle and Green Fuel
Our goals are (1) active participation in research with multidisciplinary expertise related
to automotive technology; (2) generation of innovative products, patents and intellectual
property in related field; (3) strong research networking and dissemination of information
nationally and on the international platform; (4) professional researchers capable of
continuously providing consultancy services to the automotive industry; (5) certified
research laboratory equipped with up to date facilities; and (6) a worldwide community
of high quality, dedicated and renowned researchers, whilst increasing the population of
young local researchers within the community. Meanwhile, its roadmap is to develop the
sustainable energy efficient vehicle for local and global application.
Research
Research roadmap
roadmap

Research Activities INNOVATE VOLUME 10

CAR also had energetic participated in research activities in all field related to automotive
application such as soot measurement system in diesel engine, PIV system in wind tunnel,
design and fabrication of liquid cooled copper plate with oblique fins for electric vehicle li -
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
70 Research
roadmap
RESEARCH
ACTIVITIES
CARResearch Activities
also had energetic participated in research activities in all field related to automotive

application such as soot measurement system in diesel engine, PIV system in wind tunnel,
CAR and
design also fabrication
had energetic participated
of liquid cooledin research
copper activities
plate in all field
with oblique fins related to automotive
for electric vehicle li-
application such as soot measurement system in diesel engine, PIV
ion battery cooling, durability evaluation of ballistic resistant panel for armoured andsystem in wind tunnel,
many
design
others. and fabrication of liquid cooled copper plate with oblique fins for electric vehicle li -
ion battery cooling, durability evaluation of ballistic resistant panel for armoured and many
others.

The Centre also had collaborations with local and international parties to integrate research
activities and enhance
The Centre also had technology transfer
collaborations for future
with local application.parties
and international CAR has to been collaborating
integrate research
withactivities
Mitsubishi
and Motor
enhance Malaysia
technology through
transfer car
for donation
future for research,
application. CAR has and with
been UKM-UDE
collaborating
with Mitsubishi Motor Malaysia through car donation for research, and with UKM-UDE
GERMANY in developing SAE student formula car for racing competition.
GERMANY in developing SAE student formula car for racing competition.

Hand-over of Mitsubishi ASX by SAE student formula car for racing competition
Mitsubishi Motor Malaysia,
th
28 September 2016

The centre has actively organised several conferences and seminars at national and
The centre has actively organised several conferences and seminars at national and
international levels to highlight new discoveries, share technology and foster active
international levels to highlight new discoveries, share technology and foster active
collaboration
collaboration with with all all
parties forfor
parties elevating
elevating the centre,
the centre, faculty
faculty and
and UKM
UKM globally. Among the
globally. Among the
conferences and seminars organised by
conferences and seminars organised by the centre are: the centre are:
• Symposium
� Symposium on on
Damage
Damage Mechanisms
Mechanisms inin Materials
Materials && Structures
Structures (SDMMS)
(SDMMS) 22016,
016, 9 9
August 2016, Bangi Hotel
• Design and Development of a Simulation Environment and Fault Isolation Scheme
� Design and Development of a Simulation Environment and Fault Isolation Scheme on A
on AVolvo VolvoVEP4 VEP4MP MP Engine,
Engine, Monash
Monash University
University of Malaysia,
of Malaysia,
th 16 th November
16 November 2016,
2016, Faculty
of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM UKM
th
� Energy Systems and Powertrain, Prof V. Schindler (Former VP BMW Germany), 4 Dec
2015, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM
rd
� 3 INNOVATE
International
VOLUMEConference
10 on Recent Advances in Automotive Engineering and
st rd
Mobility Research (ReCAR), 1 -3 December 2015, Melaka
� Cooperative Research of Universities and Industry in Germany, University of Duisburg-
th
Essen, Germany, 30 November 2015, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,
UKM
collaboration with all parties for elevating the centre, faculty and UKM globally. Among the
conferences and seminars organised by the centre are:
� Symposium on Damage Mechanisms in Materials & Structures (SDMMS) 2 016, 9
� Design and Development of a Simulation Environment and Fault Isolation Scheme on A
th
Volvo VEP4 MP Engine, Monash University of Malaysia, 16 November 2016, Faculty 71
of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM
• �Energy Systems and Powertrain, Prof V. Schindler (Former VP BMW Germany),
Energy Systems and Powertrain, Prof V. Schindler (Former VP BMW Germany), 4
th
Dec 4 th
Dec 2015, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,
2015, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, UKM UKM
• �3 rd 3 International
rd
International Conference
Conference on on Recent
Recent Advances in Automotive
Advances in AutomotiveEngineering
Engineeringand and
Mobility Research (ReCAR), 1 sstt -3
Mobility Research (ReCAR), 1 -3rrdd December 2015, Melaka
December 2015, Melaka
• �Cooperative Research of Universities and Industry in Germany, University of Duisburg-
Cooperative Research of Universities and Industry in Germany, University of Duisburg-
th t h November 2015, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,
Essen,
Essen, Germany,
Germany, 3030 November 2015, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment,
UKM UKM
• �Success
Success Factors for
Factors for R&DR&D Project
Project Commercialisation, Prof.Ir.
Commercialisation, Prof. Ir.Dr.
Dr.Mohd
MohdJailani
JailaniMohd
Mohd
th
NorNor (Deputy
(Deputy Vice
Vice Chancellor, UTEM), 18 th Feb
Chancellor, UTEM), Feb 2015,
2015, Faculty
Facultyof ofEngineering
Engineering and
and Built
Built
Environment, UKM
Environment, UKM

Symposium on Damage Mechanisms in Materials & Structures (SDMMS 2016)
Symposium on Damage Mechanisms in Materials & Structures (SDMMS 2016)

3rd International Conference on Recent Advances in Automotive Engineering and Mobility Research (ReCAR 2015)
Prof. Ir. Dr. Shahrum Abullah

Head, Centre for Automotive Research
Telephone : +603-8921 6104 Fax : +603-8921 6452
E-mail: shahrum@ukm.edu.my
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
RESEARCH ACTIVITIES
72
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
HIGH IMPACT
JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS
2016
HIGH IMPACT JOURNAL 2016
74
In 2006, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) was awarded with Research University status by the
Malaysia’s Ministry of Higher Education, which entitled UKM to receive additional funding for research
activities. To maintain the Research University status, UKM, among others, need to continue publishing in
top tier high quality journals. The Malaysian Research Assessment Instrument (MyRA) under the Ministry
of Higher Education has put the emphasis on the researchers to publish in the quartile 1 (Q1) and quartile 2
(Q2) of the top tier journals, as published in Journal Citation Reports of Thomson Reuters.
Q1 denotes the top 25% of the Impact Factor (IF) distribution of a particular subject categories relevant for a
particular journal, Q2 for the middle-high position (between top 50% and top 25%), Q3 middle-low position
(top 75% to top 50%), and Q4 the lowest position (bottom 25% of the IF distribution).
In this respect, it is worth mentioning that 30% of the total indexed journal published by FKAB for 2016 are
from Q1 and Q2 journals. This constitutes of 25% of the total Q1 and Q2 journals produced by the university
for the same year, making the faculty as one of the main contributors of UKM’s top tier journals. The Q1 and
Q2 publications by FKAB for 2016 are listed below:
List of Q1 Publication 2016

1. A.M. Yusop, R. Mohamed, A. Mohamed. 2016. Inverse dynamic analysis type of MPPT control strategy
in a thermoelectric-solar hybrid energy harvesting system. Renewable Energy 86: 682-682. IF 3.476.
2. A.B.M.A Kaish, M. Jamil, S.N. Raman, M.F.M. Zain, M.R. Alam. 2016. An approach to improve
conventional square ferrocement jacket for strengthening application of short square RC column.
Materials and Structures 49: 1025-1037. IF 1.714.
3. A.H. Abdol Rahim, Alhassan Salami Tijani, S.K. Kamarudin, S. Hanapi. 2016. An overview of polymer
electrolyte membrane electrolyzer for hydrogen production: Modeling and mass transport. Journal of
Power Sources 309: 56-65. IF 6.217.
4. A.R. Natasha, J.A. Ghani, C.H. Che Haron, J. Syarif, A.H. Musfirah. 2016. Temperature at the tool-
chip interface in cryogenic and dry turning of AISI 4340 using carbide tool. International Journal of
Simulation Modelling 15: 1-12. IF 2.08.
5. Abdulla Amin Aburomman, Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz. 2016. A novel SVM kNN PSO ensemble method for
intrusion detection system. Applied Soft Computing 38: 360-372. IF 2.81.
6. Abdullah Amru Indera Luthfi, Jamaliah Md. Jahim, Shuhaida Harun, Jian Ping Tan, Abdul Wahab
Mohammad. 2016. Biorefinery approach towards greener succinic acid production fromoil palm
frond bagasse. Process Biochemistry 51: 1527-1537. IF 2.516.
7. Abedini, A., Bakar, A.A.A., Larki, F., Menon, P.S., Islam, M.S. & Shaari, S. 2016. Recent advances in
shape-controlled synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles by radiolysis route. Nanoscale Research
Letters 11: 1-13. IF 2.524.
8. Abudukeremu Kadier, Mohd Sahaid Kalil, Peyman Abdeshahian, K. Chandrasekhar, Azah Mohamed,
Nadia Farhana Azman, Washington Logrono, Yibadatihan Simayi and Aidil Abdul Hamid. 2016. Recent
advances and emerging challenges in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) for microbial production of
hydrogen and value-added chemicals. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 61: 501-525. IF
5.901.
9. Ahmed A Al Amiery, Fatin A Binti Kassim, Abdul Amir H Kadhum, Abu Bakar Mohamad. 2016. Synthesis
and characterization of a novel eco-friendly corrosion inhibition for mild steel in 1M hydrochloric acid.
Scientific Reports 6: 1-13. IF 5.57.
10. Ahmed W. Al Zand, Wan Hamidon W. Badaruzzaman, Azrul A. Mutalib, Salam J. Hilo. 2016. The
enhanced performance of CFST beams using different strengthening schemes involving unidirectional
CFRP sheets: An experimental study. Engineering Structures 128: 184-198. IF 1.838.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
75
11. Ahmed, Y., Yaakob, Z. Akhtar, P. 2016. Degradation and mineralization of methylene blue using a
heterogeneous photo-fenton catalyst under visible and solar light irradiation. Catalysis Science and
Technology 6: 1222-1232. IF 5.426.
12. Aiman Hasan Hamood Al-Masoodi, Ahmed Kawan, Mudiono Kasmuri, R. Hamid and M.N.N. Khan. 2016.
Static and dynamic properties of concrete with different types and shapes of fibrous reinforcement.
Construction and Building Materials 104: 247-262. IF 2.296.
13. Al-Amiery A.A., Binti Kassim F.A., Kadhum A.A.H., Mohamad A.B. 2016. Synthesis and characterization
of a novel eco-friendly corrosion inhibition for mild steel in 1M hydrochloric acid. Scientific Reports
6. IF 5.578.
14. Ali Raed Faisal, Fazirulhisyam Hashim, Nor Kamariah Noordin, Mahamod Ismail, Abbas Jamalipour.
2016. Efficient beam forming and spectral efficiency maximization in a joint transmission system using
an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm. Applied Soft Computing 49: 759-769. IF 2.81.
15. An’amt Mohamed Noor, Perumal Rameshkumar, Norazriena Yusoff, Huang Nay Ming, Mohd Shaiful
Sajab. 2016. Microwave synthesis of reduced graphene oxide decorated with silver nanoparticles for
electrochemical determination of 4-nitrophenol. Ceramics International 42: 18813-18820. IF 2.605.
16. Arshed Abdulhamed Mohammed, Sallehuddin Mohamed Haris, Mohd Zaki Nuawi. 2016. Utilizing
Hilbert Huang transform in detection some of mechanical properties of the refractory metals.
Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 68-69: 449-461. IF 2.256.
17. Ashiqur Rahman, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Mandeep Jit Singh and Norbahiah Misran. 2016. Sol
gel synthesis of transition-metal doped ferrite compounds with potential flexible, dielectric and
electromagnetic properties. RSC Advances 6: 84562-84572. IF 3.84.
18. Ashiqur Rahman, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Mandeep Jit Singh, Salehin Kibria & Md. Akhtaruzzaman.
2016. Electromagnetic performances analysis of an ultra-wideband and flexible material antenna in
microwave breast imaging: To implement a wearable medical bra. Scientific Reports 6: 1-11. IF 5.578.
19. Ashiqur Rahman, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Md Samsuzzaman, Mandeep Jit Singh, Md. Akhtaruzzaman.
2016. Preparation and characterization of flexible substrate material from phenyl-thiophene-2-
carbaldehyde compound. Materials 9: 1-12. IF 2.651.
20. Asmadi Ahmad, Siti Fatin Mohd Razali, Zawawi Samba Mohamed, Ahmed El-Shafie. 2016. The
application of artificial bee colony and gravitational search algorithm in reservoir optimization. Water
Resources Management 30: 2497-2516. IF 2.6.
21. Azizul Hakim, Tengku Sharifah Marliza, Najiha Maratun Abu Tahari, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak,
Muhammad Rahimi Yusop, Mohamad Wahab Mohamad Hisham, and Mohd Ambar Yarmo. 2016.
Studies on CO2 adsorption and desorption properties from various type iron oxides (FeO, Fe2O3 and
Fe3O4). Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 55: 7888-7897. IF 2.587.
22. Bushra Rashid, Z. Leman, M. Jawaid, M.J. Ghazali, M.R. Ishak. 2016. Physicochemical and thermal
properties of lignocellulosic fiber from sugar palm fibers: Effect of treatment. Cellulose 23: 2905-2916.
IF 3.573.
23. C.K. Ng, S. Ramesh, C.Y. Tan, Andanastuti Muchtar, Mahendra Rao Somalu. 2016. Microwave sintering
of ceria-doped scandia stabilized zirconia as electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cell. International Journal
of Hydrogen Energy 4: 14184-14190. IF 3.313.
24. Chin Boon Ong, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Rosiah Rohani, Muneer M. BaAbbad, Nur Hanis Hayati
Hairom. 2016. Solar photocatalytic degradation of hazardous Congo red using low temperature
synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 104: 549-557. IF
2.551.
25. F. Ahmad Zakil, S.K. Kamarudin, S. Basri. 2016. Modified Nafion membranes for direct alcohol fuel
cells: An overview. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 65: 841-852. IF 5.901.
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26. F.D. Chong, C.Y. Tan, R. Singh, A. Muchtar, M.R. Somalu, C.K. Ng, B.K. Yap, Y.C. Teh, Y.M. Tan. 2016. Effect
of manganese oxide on the sinterability of 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia. Materials Characterization
120: 331-336. IF 1.845.
27. Ghasemi M., Wan Daud W.R., Alam J., Ilbeygi H., Sedighi M., Ismail A.F., Yazdi M.H., Aljlil S.A. 2016.
Treatment of two different water resources in desalination and microbial fuel cell processes by poly
sulfone/Sulfonated poly ether ether ketone hybrid membrane. Energy 96: 303-313. IF 4.844.
28. Ghasemi M., Wan Daud W.R., Alam J., Jafari Y., Sedighi M., Aljlil S.A., Ilbeygi H. 2016. Sulfonated poly
ether ether ketone with different degree of sulphonation in microbial fuel cell: Application study and
economical analysis. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 4862-4871. IF 3.313.
29. Ghasemi M., Wan Daud W.R., Hassan S.H.A., Jafary T., Rahimnejad M., Ahmad A., Yazdi M.H. 2016.
Carbon nanotube/polypyrrole nanocomposite as a novel cathode catalyst and proper alternative for
Pt in microbial fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 4872-4878. IF 3.313.
30. Gong Tao Ding, Zahira Yaakob, Mohd Sobri Takriff, Jailani Salihon, Muhammad Syukri Abd Rahaman.
2016. Biomass production and nutrients removal by a newly-isolated microalgal strain chlamydomonas
SP in palm oil mill effluent (POME). International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 4888-4895. IF 3.313.
31. H. M. Chandima Chathuranga Somarathna, Sudharshan N. Raman, Khairiah Haji Badri, Azrul A.
Mutalib, Damith Mohotti, Sri Devi Ravana. 2016. Quasi-static behavior of palm-based elastomeric
polyurethane: for strengthening application of structures under impulsive loadings. Polymers 8: 1-20.
IF 3.904.
32. Hafiza Shukor, Peyman Abdeshahian, Najeeb Kaid Nasser Al-Shorgani, Aidil Abdul Hamid, Norliza A.
Rahman and Mohd Sahaid Kalil. 2016. Enhanced mannan-derived fermentable sugars of palm kernel
cake by mannanase-catalyzed hydrolysis for production of biobutanol. Bioresource Technology 218:
257-264. IF 4.494.
33. Hafiza Shukor, Peyman Abdeshahian, Najeeb Kaid Nasser Al-Shorgani, Aidil Abdul Hamid, Norliza A.
Rahman and Mohd Sahaid Kalil. 2016. Saccharification of polysaccharide content of palm kernel cake
using enzymatic catalysis for production of biobutanol in acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation.
Bioresource Technology 202: 206-213. IF 4.494.
34. Haitham Abdulmohsin Afan, Ahmed El-shafie, Wan Hanna Melini Wan Mohtar, Zaher Mundher
Yaseen. 2016. Past, present and prospect of an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based model for sediment
transport prediction. Journal of Hydrology 541: 902-913. IF 3.053.
35. Hassimi Abu Hasan, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, Ali Waheid Nakemish Al-Attabi, Daniah Ali
Hassoon Nash, Nurina Anuar, Norliza Abd. Rahman, Harmin Sulistiyaning Titah. 2016. Removal of
ibuprofen, ketoprofen, COD and nitrogen compounds from pharmaceutical wastewater using aerobic
suspension-sequencing batch reactor (ASSBR). Separation and Purification Technology 157: 215-221.
IF 3.091.
36. Hassimi Abu Hasan, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, Noorhisham Tan Kofli, Shy Jay Yeoh. 2016.
Interaction of environmental factors on simultaneous biosorption of lead and manganese ions by
locally isolated Bacillus cereus. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 37: 295-305. IF 3.512.
37. Hay J.X.W., Wu T.Y., Ng B.J., Juan J.C., Md. Jahim J. 2016. Reusing pulp and paper mill effluent as
a bioresource to produce biohydrogen through ultrasonicated Rhodobacter sphaeroides. Energy
Conversion and Management 113: 273-280. IF 4.38.
38. Hend Ali Omar, Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff, Halil Ceylan, Zainuddin Sajuri, Fauzan Mohd Jakarni, Amiruddin
Ismail. 2016. Investigation of the relationship between fluidity and adhesion strength of unmodified
and modified bitumens using the pull-off test method. Construction and Building Materials 122: 140-
148. IF 2.296.
39. Hend Ali Omar, Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff, Zainuddin Sajuri, Halil Ceylan, Fauzan Mohd Jakarni and Amiruddin
Ismail. 2016. Determining the Effects of Ageing on Halloysite Nano-tube Modified Binders through the
Pull-off Test Method. Construction and Building Materials 126: 245-252. IF 2.296.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
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40. Hussein Shareef, Mainul Islam, Azah Mohamed. 2016. A review of the state-of-the art charging
technologies, placement methodologies and impacts of electric vehicles Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Reviews 64: 403-420. IF 5.901.
41. Jamal Abd Ali, M.A Hannan, Azah Mohamed, Maher G.M. Abdolrasol. 2016. Fuzzy logic speed controller
optimization approach for induction motor drive using backtracking search algorithm. Measurement
78: 49-62. IF 1.526.
42. Jamaliah Md Jahim, Mohd Sobri Takriff, Byung Hong Kim. 2016. Preface to the special issue section on
The 2014 Asian Biohydrogen and Biorefinery Symposium. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
41: 4854. IF 3.313.
43. Jian Ping Tan, Jamaliah Md Jahim, Shuhaida Harun, Ta Yeong Wu, Tabassum Mumtaz. 2016. Utilisation
of oil palm fronds as a sustainable carbon source in biorefineries. International Journal of Hydrogen
Energy 41: 4890-4906. IF 3.313.
44. K.H. Mah, H.W. Yussof, M.N. Abu Seman and A.W. Mohammad. 2016. Separation of xylose using a
thin-film composite nanofiltration membrane: screening of interfacial polymerization factors
RSC Advances 6: 69454-69464. IF 3.84.
45. K.F. Mustafa, S. Abdullah, M.Z. Abdullah, K. Sopian. 2016. Comparative assessment of a porous burner
using vegetable cooking oil-kerosene fuel blends for thermoelectric and thermophotovoltaic power
generation. Fuel 180: 137-147. IF 3.52.
46. Kalaivani Chellappan Nor Shahirah Shaik Amir, Shahizon A Mohamed Mukari, Law Zhe Kang, Ramesh
Sahathevan. 2016. Identifying imaging parameters that distinguish cerebral amyloid angiopathy
hemorrhage (CAAH) from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). International Journal of Stroke 11: 271. IF
3.844.
47. Kalaivani Chellappan, Khairul Muslim Nordin and Ramesh Sahathevan. 2016. Personalised post stroke
finger grip rehabilitation monitoring framework & prototype. International Journal of Stroke 11: 261.
IF 3.833.
48. Kalaivani Chellappan, Raska Uroshi, Oteh Maskon, Ramesh Sahathevan. 2016. Non-invasive finger
photoplethysmogram in detection of left ventricular hypertrophy among stroke patients. International
Journal of Stroke 11: 221. IF 3.833.
49. Kalaivani Chellappan, Siti Nur Hidayah Abdul Malek, Rosmina Jaafar, Amilia Aminuddin. 2016. Self-
monitoring technique for stroke prevention among atrial fibrillation patients. International Journal of
Stroke 11: 248. IF 3.833.
50. Khamis Naba Sayl, Nur Shazwani Muhammad, Zaher Mundher Yaseen & Ahmed El-Shafie. 2016.
Estimation the physical variables of rainwater harvesting system using integrated GIS-based remote
sensing approach. Water Resources Management 30: 3299-3313. IF 2.6.
51. Kok Mun Ng, Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz. 2016. Platoon interactions and real-world traffic simulation and
validation based on the LWR-IM. PLoS ONE 11: 1-17. IF 3.234.
52. Leila Soufeiani, Sudharshan N. Raman, Mohd Zamin Bin Jumaat, Ubagaram Johnson Alengaram,
Ghasem Ghadyani, Priyan Mendis. 2016. Influences of the volume fraction and shape of steel fibers
on fiberreinforced concrete subjected to dynamic loading: A review. Engineering Structures
124: 405-417. IF 1.838.
53. Li Ting Soo, Kee Shyuan Loh, Abu Bakar Mohamad, Wan Ramli Wan Daud, Wai Yin Wong. 2016.
Synthesis of silver/nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide through a one-step thermal solid-state
reaction for oxygen reduction in an alkaline medium. Journal of Power Sources 324: 412-420. IF 6.217.
54. Li Ting Soo, Kee Shyuan Loh, Abu Bakar Mohamad, Wan Ramli Wan Daud, Wai Yin Wong. 2016. Effect
of nitrogen precursors on the electrochemical performance of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene
oxide towards oxygen reduction reaction. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 677: 112-120. IF 2.999.
55. Lillian Gungat, Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff, Meor Othman Hamzah. 2016. Effects of RH-WMA additive on
rheological properties of high amount reclaimed asphalt binders. Construction and Building Materials
114: 665-672. IF 2.296.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
78
56. Loow Y.-L., Wu T.Y., Yang G.H., Md. Jahim J., Teoh W.H., Mohammad A.W. 2016. Role of energy
irradiation in aiding pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for improving reducing sugar recovery.
Cellulose 23: 2761-2789. IF 3.573.
57. M. Jamshidian, P. Thamburaja and T. Rabczuk. 2016. A multiscale coupled finite-element and
phase-field framework to modeling stressed grain growth in polycrystalline thin films. Journal of
Computational Physics 327: 779-798. IF 2.434.
58. M. Jamshidian, P. Thamburaja, T. Rabczuk. 2016. Modeling the effect of surface energy on stressed
grain growth in cubic polycrystalline bodies. Scripta Materialia 113: 209-213. IF 3.224.
59. M. Anitha, S.K. Kamarudin, N.T. Kofli. 2016. The potential of glycerol as a value-added commodity.
Chemical Engineering Journal 295: 119-130. IF 4.321.
60. M. Jamil, M.N.N. Khan, M.R. Karim, A.B.M.A. Kaish, M.F.M. Zain. 2016. Physical and chemical
contributions of rice husk ash on the properties of mortar. Construction and Building Materials 128:
185-198. IF 2.296.
61. M. Moniruzzaman, Zahira Yaakob, Rahima Khatun. 2016. Biotechnology for Jatropha improvement: A
worthy exploration. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 54: 1262-1277. IF 5.901.
62. M. Mosleh E. Abu Samak, A. Ashrif A. Bakar, Muhammad Kashif and Mohd Saiful Dzulkefly Zan. 2016.
Comprehensive numerical analysis of finite difference time domain methods for improving optical
waveguide sensor accuracy. Sensors-Basel 16: 1-16. IF 2.245.
63. M.A. Hannan, M. Arebey, R.A. Begum, Hassan Basri, Md. Abdulla Al Mamun. 2016. Content-based
image retrieval system for solid waste bin level detection and performance evaluation. Waste
Management 50: 10-19. IF 3.22.
64. M.A.F. Akhairi, S.K. Kamarudin. 2016. Catalysts in direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC): An overview.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 4212-4228. IF 3.313.
65. M.J. Ghazali, S.M. forghani, N. Hassanuddin, A. Muchtar, A.R. Daud. 2016. Comparative wear study
of plasma sprayed TiO2 and Al2O3-TiO2 on mild steels. Tribology International 93: 681-686. IF 1.936.
66. M.K. Mat Desa, S. Sapeai, A.W. Azhari, K. Sopian, M.Y. Sulaiman, N. Amin, S.H. Zaidi. 2016. Silicon
back contact solar cell configuration: A pathway towards higher efficiency. Renewable and Sustainable
67. Madihah Miskan, Manal Ismail, Mostafa Ghasemi, Jamaliah Md Jahim, Darman Nordin, Mimi Hani Abu
Bakar. 2016. Characterization of membrane biofouling and its effect on the performance of microbial
fuel cell. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 543-552. IF 3.313.
68. Mahalingam S., Abdullah H. 2016. Electron transport study of indium oxide as photoanode in DSSCs:
A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 63: 245-255. IF 5.901.
69. Mahda Noura, Rosdiadee Nordin. 2016. A survey on interference management for device-to-
device (D2D) communication and its challenges in 5G networks. Journal of Network and Computer
Applications 71: 130-150. IF 2.229.
70. Mahmoud A.M. Al-Alwani, Abu Bakar Mohamad, Norasikin A. Ludin, Abd. Amir H. Kadhum,
Kamaruzzaman Sopian. 2016. Dye-sensitised solar cells: Development, structure, operation principles,
electron kinetics, characterisation, synthesis materials and natural photosensitisers. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 65: 183-213. IF 5.901.
71. Majid Niaz Akhtar, Abu Bakar Sulong, Mukhtar Ahmad, Muhammad Azhar Khan,Akbar Ali, M.U.
Islam. 2016. Impacts of GdeCe on the structural, morphological and magnetic properties of garnet
nanocrystalline ferrites synthesized via solegel route. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 66: 486-495.
IF 2.999.
72. Manoj Pudukudy, Zahira Yaakob, Mohd Sobri Takriff. 2016. Methane decomposition into COx free
hydrogen and multiwalled carbon nanotubes over ceria, zirconia and lanthana supported nickel
catalysts prepared via a facile solid state citrate fusion method. Energy Conversion and Management
126: 302-315. IF 4.38.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
79
73. Masoud Shakiba, Azam Zavvari, Nadeer Aleebrahim, Mandeep Jit Singh. 2016. Evaluating the academic
trend of RFID technology based on SCI and SSCI publications from 2001 to 2014. Scientometrics 2016:
591-614. IF 2.183.
74. Md. Mehedi Hasan,Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque, Sikder Sunbeam Islam, Mohammad Tariqul
Islam. 2016. A new compact double-negative miniaturized metamaterial for wideband operation.
Materials 9: 1-12. IF 2.651.
75. Md. Rokunuzzaman, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Wayne S.T. Rowe, Salehin Kibria,Mandeep Jit Singh,
Norbahiah Misran. 2016. Design of a miniaturized meandered line antenna for UHF RFID tags. PLoS
ONE 11: 1-14. IF 3.234.
76. Md. Safiuddin, Sudharshan N. Raman, Md. Abdus Salam, Mohd. Zamin Jumaat. 2016. Modeling of
compressive strength for self-consolidating high-strength concrete incorporating palm oil fuel ash.
Materials 9: 1-13. IF 2.651.
77. Md. AbdullaAlMamun, M.A. Hannan, AiniHussain, Hassan Basri. 2016. Theoretical model and
implementation of a real time intelligent bin status monitoring system using rule based decision
algorithms. Expert Systems with Applications 48: 76-88. IF 1.965.
78. Mohammad K. Younes, Z.M. Nopiah, N.E. Ahmad Basri, H. Basri, Mohammed F.M. Abushammala,
Mohammed Y. Younes. 2016. Landfill area estimation based on integrated waste disposal options and
solid waste forecasting using modified. ANFIS model Waste Management 55: 3-11. IF 3.22.
79. Mohammed H. Alsharif, Rosdiadee Nordin, Mahamod Ismail. 2016. Green Wireless Network
Optimisation Strategies within Smart Grid Environments for Long Term Evolution (LTE) Cellular
Networks in Malaysia. Renewable Energy 85: 157-170. IF 3.476.
80. Mohammed H.J., Zain M.F.M. 2016. Experimental application of EPS concrete in the new prototype
design of the concrete barrier. Construction and Building Materials 124: 312-342. IF 2.296.
81. Mohammed Shadi S. Abujazar, S. Fatihah, A.R. Rakmi, M.Z. Shahrom. 2016. The effects of design
parameters on productivity performance of a solar still for seawater desalination: A review.
Desalination 385: 178-193. IF 3.756.
82. Mohd Ezree Abdullah, Kemas Ahmad Zamhari, Mohd Rosli Hainin, Ebenezer Akin Oluwasola,
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan, Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff. 2016. Engineering properties of asphalt binders
containing nanoclay and chemical warm-mix asphalt additives. Construction and Building Materials
112: 232-240. IF 2.296.
83. Mohd Ezree Abdullah, Kemas Ahmad Zamhari, Mohd Rosli Hainin, Ebenezer Akin Oluwasola, Nur
Izzi Md Yusoff, Norhidayah Abdul Hassan. 2016. High temperature characteristics of warm mix
asphalt mixtures with nanoclay and chemical warm mix asphalt modified binders. Journal of Cleaner
Production 122: 326-334. IF 3.844.
84. Mohd Ezree Abdullah, Mohd Rosli Hainin, Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff, Kemas Ahmad Zamhari dan Norhidayah
Hassan. 2016. Laboratory evaluation on the characteristics and pollutant emissions of nanoclay and
chemical warm mix asphalt modified binders. Construction and Building Materials 113: 488-497. IF
2.296.
85. Mohd Nizam Ab Rahman, Raden Achmad Chairdino Leuveano, Fairul Azni bin Jafar, Chairul Saleh, Baba
Md Deros, Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood, Wan Hasrulnizzam Wan Mahmood. 2016. Incorporating
logistic costs into a single vendor buyer JELS model. Applied Mathematical Modelling 40:
10809-10819. IF 2.251.
86. Mohd Radzi Abu Mansor, Masahiro Shioji. 2016. Investigation of the combustion process of hydrogen
jets under argon-circulated hydrogen-engine conditions. Combustion and Flame 173: 245-257. IF
3.082.
87. Mohd Shaiful Sajab, Chin Hua Chia, Chi Hoong Chan, Sarani Zakaria, Hatika Kaco, Soon Wei Chook,
Siew Xian Chin and Amt Mohamed Noor. 2016. Bifunctional graphene oxide-cellulose nanofibril
aerogel loaded with Fe(III) for the removal of cationic dye via simultaneous adsorption and Fenton
oxidation. RSC Advances 6: 19819-19825. IF 3.84.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
80
88. Muneer M. Ba-Abbad, Mohd S. Takriff, Abdelbaki Benamor, Abdul Wahab Mohammad. 2016. Synthesis
and characterisation of Co2+-incorporated ZnO nanoparticles prepared through a sol-gel method.
Advanced Powder Technology 27: 2439-2447. IF 2.638.
89. Muzalifah Mohd. Said, Jumril Yunas, Roer Eka Pawinanto, Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis, Badariah Bais.
2016. PDMS based electromagnetic actuator membrane with embeddedmagnetic particles in polymer
composite. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 245: 85-96. IF 1.903.
90. N.A. Ahmad, C.P. Leo, A.L. Ahmad, A.W. Mohammad. 2016. Separation of CO2 from hydrogen using
membrane gas absorption with PVDF/PBI membrane. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41:
4855-4861. IF 3.313.
91. N.A. Aziz, D.A. Wahab, R. Ramli, C.H. Azhari. 2016. Modelling and optimisation of upgradability in the
design of multiple life cycle products: a critical review. Journal of Cleaner Production 112: 282-290. IF
3.844.
92. N.M. Yusop, D.A. Wahab, N. Saibani. 2016. Realising the automotive remanufacturing roadmap in
Malaysia: Challenges and the way forward. Journal of Cleaner Production 112: 1910-1919. IF 3.59.
93. Nabilah Aminah Lutpia, Jamaliah Md Jahim, Tabassum Mumtaz, Shuhaida Harun, Peer Mohamed
Abdul. 2016. Batch and continuous thermophilic hydrogen fermentation of sucrose using anaerobic
sludge from palm oil mill effluent via immobilization technique. Process Biochemistry 51: 297-307. IF
2.516.
94. Nadia Farhana Azman, Peyman Abdeshahian, Abudukeremu Kadier, Hafiza Shukor, Najeeb Kaid Nasser
Al-Shorgani, Aidil Abdul Hamid and Mohd Sahaid Kalil. 2016. Utilization of palm kernel cake as a
renewable feedstock for fermentative hydrogen production. Renewable Energy 93: 700-708. IF 3.476.
95. Nadia Farhana Azman, Peyman Abdeshahian, Abudukeremu Kadier, Najeeb Kaid Nasser Al-Shorgani,
Noura K.M. Salih, Izzati Lananan, Aidil Abdul Hamid and Mohd Sahaid Kalil. 2016. Biohydrogen
production from de-oiled rice bran as sustainable feedstock in fermentative process. International
Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 145-156. IF 3.313.
96. Nadia Farhana Azman, Peyman Abdeshahian, Najeeb Kaid Nasser Al-Shorgani, Aidil Abdul Hamid and
Mohd Sahaid Kalil. 2016. Production of hydrogen energy from dilute acid-hydrolyzed palm oil mill
effluent in dark fermentation using an empirical model. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41:
16373-16384. IF 3.313.
97. Nadom Khalifa Mutlib, Shahrizan Bin Baharom, Ahmed El-Shafie and Mohd Zaki Nuawi. 2016.
Ultrasonic health monitoring in structural engineering: buildings and bridges. Structural Control and
Health Monitoring 23: 409-422. IF 2.133.
98. Najeeb Kaid Nasser Al-Shorgani, Mohd Hafez Mohd Isa, Wan Mohtar Wan Yusoff, Mohd Sahaid Kalil
and Aidil Abdul Hamid. 2016. Isolation of a clostridium acetobutylicum strain and characterization of
its fermentation performance on agricultural wastes. Renewable Energy 86: 459-465. IF 3.476.
99. Naz Niamul Islam, M.A. Hannan, Azah Mohamed, Hussain Shareef. 2016. Improved power system
stability using backtracking search algorithm for coordination design of PSS and TCSC damping
controller. PLoS ONE 11: 1-17. IF 3.234.
100. Norsyahida Mohammad, Abu Bakar Mohamad, Abdul Amir H. Kadhum, Kee Shyuan Loh. 2016. A
review on synthesis and characterization of solid acid materials for fuel cell applications. Journal of
Power Sources 322: 77-92. IF 217.
101. Nur Hasiba Kamaruddin, Ahmad Ashrif A. Bakar, Mohd Hanif Yaacob, Mohd Adzir Mahdi, Mohd Saiful
Dzulkefly Zan, Sahbudin Shaari. 2016. Enhancement of chitosan-graphene oxide SPR sensor with a
multi-metallic layers of Au-Ag-Au nanostructure for lead(II) ion detection. Applied Surface Science
361: 177-184. IF 2.711.
102. Nur Izyan Wan Azelee, Jamaliah Md Jahim, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Siti Fatimah Zaharah Mohamad
Fuzi, Roshanida A. Rahman, Rosli Md Illias. 2016. High xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production from
pretreated kenaf stem by enzyme mixture hydrolysis. Industrial Crops and Products 81: 11-19. IF 2.837.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
81
103. Nur S. Muhammad, Pierre Y. Julien, Jose D. Salas. 2016. Probability structure and return period of
multiday monsoon rainfall. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 21 (1): 1-11. IF 1.583.
104. Nurul Zafirah Abd. Khalim Khafidz, Zahira Yaakob, Kean Long Lim, Sharifah Najiha Timmiati. 2016.
The kinetics of lightweight solid-state hydrogen storage materials: A review. International Journal of
Hydrogen Energy 41: 13131-13151. IF 3.313.
105. Othman A., Abdullah S., Ariffin A.K., Mohamed N.A.N. 2016. Investigating the crushing behavior of
quasi-static oblique loading on polymeric foam filled pultruded composite square tubes. Composites
Part B: Engineering 95: 493-514. IF 2.983.
106. Peer Mohamed Abdul, Jamaliah Md. Jahim, Shuhaida Harun, Masturah Markom, Nabilah Aminah
Lutpi, Osman Hassan, Venkatesh Balan, Bruce E. Dale, Mohd Tusirin Mohd Nor. 2016. Effects of changes
in chemical and structural characteristic of ammonia fibre expansion (AFEX) pretreated oil palm
empty fruit bunch fibre on enzymatic saccharification and fermentability for biohydro. Bioresource
Technology 211: 200-208. IF 4.494.
107. Pudukudy, M., Yaakob, Z., Takriff, M.S. 2016. Methane decomposition over unsupported mesoporous
nickel ferrites: Effect of reaction temperature on the catalytic activity and properties of the produced
nanocarbon. RSC Advances 6: 68081-68091. IF 3.84.
108. Pudukudy, M. Kadier, A., Yaakob, Z., Takriff, M.S. 2016. Non-oxidative thermocatalytic decomposition
of methane into COx free hydrogen and nanocarbon over unsupported porous NiO and Fe2O3
catalysts. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 18509-18521. IF 3.313.
109. Rahman A., Islam M.T., Singh M.J., Misran N. 2016. Sol-gel synthesis of transition-metal doped ferrite
compounds with potential flexible, dielectric and electromagnetic properties. RSC Advances 6: 84562-
84572. IF 3.84.
110. Ramez A. Al-Mansoba, Amiruddin Ismail, Nur Izzi Md. Yusoff, Shaban Ismael Albrka, Che Husna Azhari
and Mohamed Rehan Karim. 2016. Rheological characteristics of unaged and aged epoxidised natural
rubber modified asphalt. Construction and Building Materials 102: 190-199. IF 2.296.
111. Ranjit K. Nath, M.F.M. Zain, M. Jamil. 2016. An environment-friendly solution for indoor air purification
by using renewable photocatalysts in concrete: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
62: 1184-1194. IF 5.901.
112. Renuga Verayiah, Azah Mohamed, Izham Zainal Abidin, Hussein Shareef. 2016. Assessment of critical
loads instigating voltage instability in transmission network using novel load tracing capable index
LQP_LT and PSS/E tools validation. Journal of Electrical Systems 12: 826-838.
113. S. Abdullah, S.K. Kamarudin, U.A. Hasran, M.S. Masdar, W.R.W. Daud. 2016. Electrochemical kinetic
and mass transfer model for direct ethanol alkaline fuel cell (DEAFC). Journal of Power Sources 320:
111-119. IF 6.217.
114. S. Daud, A.F.A. Kadir, C.K. Gan, A. Mohamed, Tamer Khatib. 2016. A comparison of heuristic optimization
techniques for optimal placement and sizing of photovoltaic based distributed generation in a
distribution system. Solar Energy 140: 219-226. IF 3.469.
115. S. Mahalingam, H. Abdullah. 2016. Electron transport study of indium oxide as photoanode in DSSCs:
A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 63: 245-255. IF 5.901.
116. S.S. Mokri, M.I. Saripan, A.A. Abd Rahni, A.J. Nordin, S. Hashim, M.H. Marhaban. 2016. PET image
reconstruction incorporating 3D mean-median sinogram filtering. IEEE Transactions of Nuclear Science
63: 157-169. IF 1.283.
117. S.F. Senin and R. Hamid. 2016. Ground penetrating radar wave attenuation models for estimation of
moisture and chloride content in concrete slab. Construction and Building Materials 106: 629-669. IF
2.296.
118. S.Mahalingam, H.Abdullah, I.Ashaari, S.Shaari and A.Muchtar. 2016. Optical, morphology and
electrical properties of In2O3 incorporating acid-treated single-walled carbon nanotubes based DSSC.
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 49: 075601. IF 2.711.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
82
119. S.N.A. Rahman, M.S. Masdar, M.I. Rosli, E.H. Majlan, T. Husaini, S.K. Kamarudin, W.R.W. Daud.
2016. Overview biohydrogen technologies and application in fuel cell technology. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 66: 137-162. IF 5.901.
120. Saad Aljamali, Shahrir Abdullah, Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood, Yusoff Ali. 2016. Effect of fuel
injection timings on performance and emissions of stratified combustion CNGDI engine. Applied
Thermal Engineering 109: 619-629. IF 2.739.
121. Sadik Gharghan, Rosdiadee Nordin, Mahamod Ismail. 2016. A Wireless Sensor Network with Soft
Computing Localization Techniques for Track Cycling Applications. Sensors 16: 1-23. IF 2.245.
122. Salam J.Hilo, W.H.Wan Badaruzzaman, S.A.Osman, Ahmed W. Al-Zand. 2016. Structural behavior
of composite wall systems strengthened with embedded cold-formed steel tube. Thin-Walled
Structures 98: 607-616. IF 1.749.
123. Seyedehzahra Mirrahimi, Mohd Farid Mohamed, Lim Chin Haw, Nik Lukman Nik Ibrahim, Wardah
Fatimah Mohammad Yusoff, Ardalan Aflaki. 2016. The effect of building envelope on the thermal
comfort and energy saving for high-rise buildings in hot-humid climate. Renewableand Sustainable
124. Shaw Yong Toh, Kee Shyuan Loh, Siti Kartom Kamarudin, Wan Ramli Wan Daud. 2016. The impact of
electrochemical reduction potentials on the electrocatalytic activity of graphene oxide toward the
oxygen reduction reaction in an alkaline medium. Electrochimica Acta 199: 194-203. IF 4.504.
125. Siew Xian Chin, Siti Masrinda Tasirin, Chi Hoong Chan, Chin Hua Chia, Soon Wei Chook, Sarani
Zakaria, Mohd Shaiful Sajab. 2016. Catalytic conversion of empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibres into lactic
acid by lead (II) ions. BioResources 11: 2186-2201. IF 1.425.
126. Sikder Sunbeam Islam, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque, Mohammad Tariqul Islam. 2016. An
object-independent ENZ metamaterial-based wideband electromagnetic cloak. Scientific Reports
6: 1-10. IF 5.578.
127. Soodabeh Darzi, Sieh Kiong Tiong, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Hassan Rezai Soleymanpour, Salehin
Kibria. 2016. An experience oriented-convergence improved gravitational search algorithm for
minimum variance distortionless response beamforming optimum. PloS ONE 11: 1-20. IF 3.234.
128. Soodabeh Darzi, Tiong Sieh Kiong, Mohammad Tariqul Islam,Hassan Rezai Soleymanpour, Salehin
Kibria. 2016. A memory-based gravitational search algorithm for enhancingminimum variance
distortionless response beamforming. Applied Soft Computing 47: 103-118. IF 2.81.
129. Tamer Khatib, Ibrahim A Ibrahim, Azah Mohamed. 2016. A Review on sizing methodologies of
photovoltaic and storage battery in a standalone photovoltaic system. Energy Conversion and
Management 120: 430-448. IF 4.38.
130. Tarik Ibdeaa, Salina Abdul Samad, Hafizah Husain. 2016. A secure and robust compressed domain
video steganography for intra- and inter-frames using embedding-based byte differencing (EBBD)
scheme. PLoS ONE 11: 1-10. IF 3.234.
131. Tayser Sumer Gaas, Abu Bakar Sulong, Abdul Amir H. Kadhum, Mohamed H. Nassir and Ahmed A.
Al Amiery. 2016. Optimizing injection molding parameters of different halloysites type reinforced
thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites via taguchi complemented with ANOVA. Materials 9:
1-19. IF 2.651.
132. Tayser Sumer Gaaz, Abu Bakar Sulong, Abdul Amir H. Kadhum, Mohamed H. Nassir and Ahmed
A. Al-Amiery. 2016. Impact of sulfuric acid treatment of halloysite on physico-chemic property
modification. Materials 9: 1-16. IF 2.651.
133. Towhid H. Chowdhury, Ashraful Islam, A.K. Mahmud Hasan, M. Asri Mat Terdi, M. Arunakumari,
Surya Prakash Singh, Md. Khorshed Alam, Idriss M. Bedja, Mohd Hafidz Ruslan, Kamaruzzaman
Sopian, Nowshad Am. 2016. Prospects of graphene as a potential carrier-transport material in third-
generation solar cells. The Chemical Record 16: 614-632. IF 5.492.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
83
134. W.L. Ang, A.W. Mohammad, A. Benamor, N. Hilal. 2016. Hybrid coagulation-NF membrane process
for brackish water treatment: Effect of pH and salt/calcium concentration. Desalination 390: 25-32.
IF 3.756.
135. W.L. Ang, A.W. Mohammad, A.Benamor, N.Hilal, C.P.Leo. 2016. Hybrid coagulation NF membrane
process for brackish water treatment: Effect of antiscalant on water characteristics and membrane
fouling. Desalination 393: 144-150. IF 3.756.
136. Yasameen K. Al Majedy, Ahmed A. Al Amiery, Abdul Amir H. kadhum, Abu Bakar Mohamad. 2016.
Antioxidant activities of 4 methylumbelliferone derivatives. PLoS ONE 11: 1-13. IF 3.234.
137. Yu Loong Loow, Ta Yeong Wu, Jamaliah Md Jahim, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, We Hui Teoh. 2016.
Typical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into reducing sugars using dilute acid hydrolysis and
alkaline pretreatment. Cellulose 23: 1491-1520. IF 3.573.
138. Yusor Rafid Bahar Al-Mayouf, Mahamod Ismail, Nor Fadzilah Abdullah, Ainuddin Wahid Abdul
Wahab, Omar Adil Mahdi, Suleman Khan, Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo. 2016. Efficient and stable
routing algorithm based on user mobility and node density in urban vehicular networks. PLoS ONE
Journal 11: 1-24. IF 3.234.
139. Z. Zakaria, S.K. Kamarudin. 2016. Direct conversion technologies of methane to methanol: An
overview. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 65: 250-261. IF 5.901.
140. Z. Zakaria, S.K. Kamarudin, S.N. Timmiati. 2016. Membranes for direct ethanol fuel cells: An overview.
Applied Energy 163: 334-342. IF 5.613.
List of Q2 Publication 2016

1. Abushagur, A.A.G., Bakar, A.A.A., Zan, M.S.D.B. and Arsad, N. 2016. A novel technique employing
tapered fiber bragg grating to solve the axial/transverse forces crosstalk in microsurgical instruments.
IEEE Sensors Journal 16: 7671-7680. IF 1.762.
2. Afrasyab Khan, Khairuddin Sanaullah, M. Sobri Takriff, Aini Hussain, Ajmal Shah, Imran Rafiq
Chughtai. 2016. Void fraction of supersonic steam jet in subcooled water. Flow Measurement and
Instrumentation 47: 35-44. IF 1.03.
3. Afrasyab Khan, Khairuddin Sanaullah, Mohd. Sobri Takriff, Hushairi Zen, Andrew Ragai Henry Rigit,
AjmalShah, Imran Rafiq Chughtai, Tahir Jamil. 2016. Pressure dresses generated due to supersonic
steam jet induced hydrodynamic instabilities. Chemical Engineering Science 146: 44-63. IF 2.337.
4. Aghajani Mir M., Taherei Ghazvinei P., Sulaiman N.M.N., Basri N.E.A., Saheri S., Mahmood N.Z., Jahan
A., Begum R.A., Aghamohammadi N. 2016. Application of TOPSIS and VIKOR improved versions
in a multi criteria decision analysis to develop an optimized municipal solid waste management
model. Journal of Environmental Management 166: 109-115. IF 2.723.
5. Allaedini G., Mahmoudi E., Aminayi P., Tasirin S.M., Mohammad A.W. 2016. Optical investigation of
reduced graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide/CNTs grown via simple CVD method. Synthetic
Metals 220: 72-77. IF 2.252.
6. Ammar Hussein Mutlag, Azah Mohamed, Hussein Shareef. 2016. A nature-insprired optimization-
based optimum fuzzy logic photovoltaic inverter controller utilizing an eZdsp F23335 board. Energies
9: 1-12. IF 2.072.
7. Anila Gopalakrishnan, Narayanan N. Binitha, Zahira Yaakob, P. Mohammed AkbarSilija
Padikkaparambil. 2016. Excellent photocatalytic activity of titania graphene nanocomposites
prepared by a facile route. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 80: 189-200. IF 1.532.
8. Azam Zavvari,Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Radial Anwar, Zamri Zainal Abidin,Mhd Fairos Asillam,
Christian Monstein. 2016. Analysis of radio astronomy bands using CALLISTO spectrometer at
Malaysia-UKM station. Experimental Radioastronomy 41: 185-195. IF 1.99.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
84
9. Bushra Rashid, Zulkiflle Leman, Mohammad Jawaid, Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali and Mohamad
Ridzwan Ishak. 2016. The mechanical performance of sugar palm fibres (Ijuk) reinforced phenolic
composites. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 17: 1001-1008. IF
1.205.
10. D. Ragurajan, M. Satgunam, M. Golieskardi, A.K. Ariffin and M.J. Ghazali. 2016. Effect of air sintering
on microstructural and mechanical properties of aluminum oxide/manganese oxide doped Y- TZP.
Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society 52: 128-133. IF 0.658.
11. Ghazaleh Allaedini, Siti Masrinda Tasirin, Payam Aminayi. 2016. Yield optimization of nanocarbons
prepared via chemical vapor decomposition of carbon dioxide using response surface methodology.
Diamond and Related Materials 66: 196-205. IF 1.919.
12. Ghazaleh Alledini, Payam Aminayi, Siti Masrinda Tasirin. 2016. Methane Decomposition for Carbon
nanotube production: Optimization of the reactionparameter using response surface methodology.
Chemical Engineering Research and Design 112: 163-174. IF 2.348.
13. Hashem Salarzadeh Jenatabadi, Peyman Babashamsi, and Nur Izzi Md Yusoff. 2016. The combination
of a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process and the Taguchi method to evaluate the Malaysian users
willingness to pay for public transportation. Symmetry 8: 1-17. IF 0.826.
14. Islam A.K.M.A., Anuar N., Yaakob Z., Osman M. 2016. Genetic diversity among candidate plus plants
(CPPs) in Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 53: 585-592. IF 1.049.
15. Izzati Izni Yusoff, Rosiah Rohani, Abdul Wahab Mohammad. 2016. Investigation of the formation
characteristics of polyaniline and its application in forming free-standing pressure filtration
membranes. Journal of Polymer Research 23: 1-13. IF 1.92.
16. Izzati Nadia Mohamad, Rosiah Rohani, Mohd. Shahbudin Mastar@Masdar, Mohd Tusirin Mohd
Nor, Jamaliah Md. Jahim. 2016. Permeation properties of polymeric membranes for biohydrogen
purification. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 4474-4488. IF 3.313.
17. J.A. Wahab, M.J. Ghazali, W.M.W. Yusoff and Z. Sajuri. 2016. Enhancing material performance through
laser surface texturing: A review. Transactions of the IMF 94: 193-198. IF 0.852.
18. Jaharah A. Ghani and Che Hassan Che Haron, Mohd Shahir Kasim and Mohd Amri Sulaiman, Siti
Haryani Tomadi. 2016. Wear mechanism of coated and uncoated carbide cutting tool in machining
process. Journal of Material Research 31: 1873-1879. IF 1.647.
19. JS Ojo, AT Adediji, JS Mandeep, M ismail. 2016. Variation of slant path Ka/V band rain attenuation
over seven tropical locations in Nigeria using synthetic storm techniques. Theoretical and Applied
Climatology 124: 487-496. IF 2.015.
20. Khalida F. Al Azawi, Shaimaa B. Al Baghdadi, Ayad Z. Mohamed, Ahmed A. Al Amiery, Talib K. Abed,
Salam A. Mohammed, Abdul Amir H. Kadhum and Abu Bakar Mohamad. 2016. Synthesis, inhibition
effects and quantum chemical studies of a novel coumarin derivative on the corrosion of mild steel in
a hydrochloric acid solution. Chemistry Central Journal 10: 1-9. IF 2.187.
21. Leong J.X., Diño W.A., Ahmad A., Daud W.R.W., Kasai H. 2016. Morphology effect on proton dynamics
in Nafion® 117 and sulfonated polyether ether ketone. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 85 (9):
1-6. IF 1.585.
22. M. Habib Ullah, M.J. Uddin, T.A. Latef, W.N.L. Mahadi, M.T. Islam, M.R. Ahsan, K. Kamardin. 2016. ZIM
cover for improvement of the bandwidth and gain of patch antenna. Current Applied Physics 16: 837-
842. IF 2.212.
23. M.I. Hossain, M.R.I. Faruque, M.T. Islam & M.T. Ali. 2016. Design and analysis of coupled-resonator
reconfigurable antenna. Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing 122: 1-4. IF 1.704.
24. MR. Ahsan, M.T. Islam, M. Habib Ullah, R.W. Aldhaheri, M.M. Sheikh. 2016. A new design approach
for dual-band patch antenna serving Ku/K band satellite communications. International Journal of
Satellite Communications and Networking 34: 759-769. IF 0.744.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
85
25. M.S. Kasim, C.H. Che Haron, J.A. Ghani, M.A. Hadi, R. Izamshah, T.J.S. Anand & S.B. Mohamed. 2016.
Cost evaluation on performance of a PVD coated cutting tool during end-milling of Inconel 718 under
MQL conditions. Transactions of the IMF 94: 175-181. IF 0.852.
26. M. Safa, M. Shariati, Z. Ibrahim, A. Toghroli, S.B. Baharom, N.M. Nor and D. Petkovic. 2016. Potential
of adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system for evaluating the factors affecting steel-concrete composite
beams shear strength. Steel and Composite Structures 21: 679-688. IF 0.964.
27. M.S. Salleh, M.Z. Omar, K.S. Alhawari, M.N. Mohammed, M.A. Mad Ali, E. Mohamad. 2016.
Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of thixoformed A319 alloys containing variable
amounts of magnesium. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 26: 2029-2042. IF 1.178.
28. Majid Niaz Akhtar, Abu Bakar Sulong, Muhammad Azhar Khan, Mukhtar Ahmad, Ghulam Murtaza,
M.R. Raza, R. Raza, M. Saleem, M. Kashiff. 2016. Structural and magnetic properties of yttrium iron
garnet (YIG) and yttrium aluminum iron garnet (YAIG) nanoferrites prepared by microemulsion
method. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 401: 425-431. IF 1.97.
29. Majid Niaz Akhtar, Abu Bakar Sulong, Saniah Ab Karim, Che Husna Azhari, MR Raza. 2016. Evaluation
of thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of PMMA/NaCl/DMF electrospun nanofibers:
an investigation through surface methodology approach. Iranian Polymer Journal 24: 1025-1038. IF
1.806.
30. Majid Niaz Akhtara, Abu Bakar Sulong, M.K. Fadzly Radzi, N.F. Ismail, M.R. Razab, Norhamidi Muhamad,
Muhammad Azhar Khan. 2016. Influence of alkaline treatment and fiber loading on the physical and
mechanical properties of kenaf/polypropylene composites for variety of applications. Progress in
Natural Science: Materials International 26: 657-664. IF 1.873.
31. Maytham S. Ahmed, AzahMohamed, Raad Z. Homod, Hussain Shareef. 2016. Hybrid LSA-ANN based
home energy management scheduling controller for residential demand response strategy. Energies
9: 1-10. IF 2.077.
32. Mohadeseh Seyednezhad, Armin Rajabi, Andanastuti Muchtar, Mahendra Rao Somalu. 2016.
Nanostructured and nonsymmetrical NiOSDC SDC composite anode performance via a microwave
assisted route for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. Materials and Manufacturing
Processes 31: 1301-1305. IF 1.629.
33. Mohd Fadzli Bin Abdollah, Noritsugu Umehara, Mariyam Jameelah Binti Ghazali and Mohamed El
Mansori. 2016. Introduction-advances and challenges in carbon-based tribomaterials. Journal of
Materials Research 31 (1). IF 1.647.
34. Mohd Isa Jaffar, Wan Hamidon Wan Badaruzzaman, Shahrizan Baharom. 2016. Experimental tests on
bending behavior of profiled steel sheeting dry board composite floor with geopolymer concrete infill.
Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures 13: 272-295. IF 1.272.
35. Mohd Syafiq Zulfakar, Huda Abdullah, Wan Nasarudin Wan Jalal, Mohammad Tariqul Islam. 2016.
Effect on structural, optical and dielectric properties of mixed (1-x)ZnFe2O4-xSiO(2) as microwave
dielectric ceramic material. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 77: 218-227. IF 1.532.
36. Muhammad Afif Ariffin, Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood, Ramizi Mohamed, Mohd Tusirin Mohd
Nor. 2016. Performance of oil palm kernel shell gasification using a medium-scale downdraft gasifier.
International Journal of Green Energy 13: 513-520. IF 1.215.
37. Muhammad Rafi Raza, Faiz Ahmad, Norhamidi Muhamad, Abu Bakar Sulong, M.A. Omar,Majid Niaz
Akhtar, Muhammad Aslam. 2016. Effects of solid loading and cooling rate on the mechanical properties
and corrosion behavior of powder injection molded 316 L stainless steel. Powder Technology 289:
135-142. IF 2.349.
38. Musfirah Abdul Hadi, Jaharah A. Ghani, Che Hassan Che Haron and Mohd. Shahir Kasim. 2016. Effect
of cutting speed on the carbide cutting tool in milling Inconel 718 alloy. Journal of Materials Research
31: 1885-1892. IF 1.647.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
86
39. Nadya Hussin Al-Sbani, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, Mushrifah Idris, Hassimi Abu Hasan, Omar
Hamed Jehawi & Nur Izzati Ismail. 2016. Sub-surface flow system for PAHs removal in water using
Lepironia articulate under greenhouse conditions. Ecological Engineering 87:1-8. IF 2.58.
40. Nani Fadzlina Naim, A. Ashrif A. Bakar, Mohammad Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman. 2016. Real-time monitoring
in passive optical access networks using L-band ASE and varied bandwidth and reflectivity of fiber
Bragg gratings. Optics & Laser Technology 79: 45-51. IF 1.647.
41. Nor Khairusshima Muhamad Khairussaleh, Che Hassan Che Haron and Jaharah A. Ghani. 2016. Study
on wear mechanism of solid carbide cutting tool in milling CFRP. Journal of Material Research 31:
1883-1889. IF 1.647.
42. Nur Syakina Jamali, Jamaliah Md Jahim, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak. 2016. Biofilm formation on
granular activated carbon in xylose and glucose mixture for thermophilic biohydrogen production.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 41: 21617-21627. IF 3.205.
43. Ping Chuan Siow, Jaharah Abdul Ghani, Che Hassan Che Haron, Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali and Talib
Ria Jaafar. 2016. Effect of carbon content in TiCxN1x coating on the adhesivity of carbide cutting tools
and machining performance. Journal of Material Research 31: 1880-1884. IF 1.647.
44. Rafique M.Z., Ab Rahman M.N., Saibani N., Arsad N., Saadat W. 2016. RFID impacts on barriers
affecting lean manufacturing. Industrial Management and Data Systems 116: 1585-1616. IF 1.226.
45. Rahman A., Abdullah H., Zulfakar M.S., Singh M.J., Islam M.T. 2016. Microwave dielectric properties of
MnxZn(1-x)Fe2O4 ceramics and their compatibility with patch antenna. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and
Technology 77: 470-479. IF 1.532.
46. S.A. Shahahmadi, A. Aizan Zulkefle, A.K.M. Hasan, S.M. Rana, B. Bais, M. Akhtaruzzaman, A.R.M.
Alamoud, N. Amin. 2016. Ge-rich SiGe thin film deposition by co-sputtering in in-situ and ex-situ solid
phase crystallization for photovoltaic applications. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing
56: 160-165. IF 1.955.
47. Sadik Kamel Gharghan, Rosdiadee Nordin, Mahamod Ismail and Jamal Abd Ali. 2016. Accurate
wireless sensor localization technique based on hybrid PSO-ANN algorithm for indoor and outdoor
track cycling. IEEE Sensors Journal 16: 529-541. IF 1.762.
48. Salmi Nur Ain Sanusi, Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, Hassimi Abu Hassan,
Firdaus Mohamad Hamzah & Mushrifah Idris. 2016. Comparative Process optimization of pilot scale
total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation by Paspalum scrobiculatum L. Hack using response
surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network. Ecological Engineering 97: 524-534. IF 2.58.
49. Shabana P.S. Shaikh, Mahendra R. Somalu, Andanastuti Muchtar. 2016. Nanostructured Cu-CGO
anodes fabricated using a microwave-assisted glycine-nitrate process. Journal of Physics and Chemistry
of Solids 98: 91-99. IF 1.853.
50. Subramaniam Sohila, Ramesh Rajendran, Zahira Yaakob, Mohd Asri Mat Teridi, Kamaruzzaman
Sopian. 2016. Photoelectrochemical water splitting performance of flower like ZnO nanostructures
synthesized by a novel chemical method. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 27:
2846-2851. IF 1.569.
51. Touhidul Alam, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal Faruque & Mohammad Tariqul Islam. 2016. Specific
absorption rate analysis of broadband mobile antenna with negative index metamaterial. Applied
Physics A: Materials Science & Processing 122: 1-6. IF 1.704.
52. W Mimi Diyana W Zaki, M Asyraf Zulkifley, Aini Hussain, W Haslina WA Halim, N Badariah A Mustafa,
Lim Sin Ting. 2016. Diabetic retinopathy assessment: Towards an automated system. Biomedical
Signal Processing and Control 24: 72-82. IF 1.419.
53. Wayan Suparta, Jaafar Adnan and Mohd. Alauddin Mohd. Ali. 2016. Dynamical features of GPS PWV
variation associated with lightning activity. International Journal of Remote Sensing 37: 1376-1390. IF
1.652.
54. Y. S. Kong, S. Abdullah, M. Z. Omar & S. M. Haris. 2016. Failure assessment of a leaf spring eye design
under various load cases. Engineering Failure Analysis 63: 146-159. IF 1.028.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
87
55. Yasameen K. Al Majedy, Dunya L. Al Duhaidahawi, Khalida F. Al Azawi, Ahmed A. Al Amiery, Abdul Amir
H. Kadhum and Abu Bakar Mohamad. 2016. Coumarins as potential antioxidant agents complemented
with suggested mechanisms and approved by molecular modeling studies. Molecules 15: 1-11. IF
2.416.
56. Yaseen Z.M., El-Shafie A., Afan H.A., Hameed M., Mohtar W.H.M.W., Hussain A. 2016. RBFNN versus
FFNN for daily river flow forecasting at Johor River, Malaysia. Neural Computing and Applications 27:
1533-1542. IF 1.569.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
88
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
RESEARCH AWARDS
2016
RESEARCH AWARD 2016
90 RESEARCH AWARDS 2016
PERTANDINGAN REKACIPTA DAN INOVASI INSTITUSI PENGAJIAN

TINGGI SWASTA (PERINTIS 2016), 16TH NOVEMBER, 2016, DEWAN
SERI SARJANA, UNIVERSITI TENAGA NASIONAL,
KAMPUS PUTRAJAYA
RESEARCH
CATEGORY PROJECT/TITLE
RESEARCHERS
Prof. Dr. Azah

Mohamed Optimal Charge
Prof. Dr. MA Category D: Advance Equalization Controller
Hannan Materials/Machinery/ for Lithium-ion Battery in
Metal Electric Vehicle
M.M. Hoque Applications
AWARD 1
M.S. Hossain Lipu Gold
RESEARCH
RESEARCHERS
Prof. Dr. Azah

Mohamed Optimal Fuzzy Speed
Prof. Dr. MA Category D: Advance Controller for Induction
Hannan Materials/Machinery Motor Drive Using
/ Metal Heuristic Optimization
Jamal bin Abd Technique
Ali AWARD 2
M.M. Hoque Gold
RESEARCH
RESEARCHERS
Prof. Dr. Mohd Category D: Advance New Developed

Zaidi Omar Materials/Machinery/ Technique Welding
Metal Dissimilar Steels
Dr. Mohammed
N. Abdulrazaq
AWARD 3
Gold
INVENTION, INNOVATION AND DESIGN EXPOSITION (IIDEX2016),

20 – 23RD SEPTEMBER 2016, DEWAN AGUNG TUANKU
CANSELOR (DATC), UITM SHAH ALAM, SELANGOR
RESEARCH
RESEARCHERS
Assoc. Prof. Dr.

Adi Irfan Bin Che
Ani A New Water Level
INVENTOR : Woreless System To
Mohd Firdaus Innovation Monitor Water 1
Abdullah Ponding For Flat
Roof Building
Adi Izhar Bin Che AWARD
Ani Gold
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
91
INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING INVENTION INNOVATION

EXHIBITION I-ENVEX 2016, 8-10 APRIL 2016, UNIMAP PAUH PUTRA
MAIN CAMPUS, PERLIS
NO
RESEARCH
CATEGORY
PROJECT/TITLE
Dr. Muhammad
Rashed Iqbal
RESEARCHERS
Faruque A New DNG

i-ENVEX Best Award Metamaterial
Prof. Dr. (I.C.T, Multimedia, Design for Specific
Mohammad Tariqul Telecommunications, Absorption Rate
Islam Electricity & Reduction in
Electronic) Human Head
Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Mandeep Singh 1
Prof. Dr. Mardina AWARD
Abdullah Gold
RESEARCH
CATEGORY
Prof. Dr. PROJECT/TITLE
Mohammad
RESEARCHERS
Tariqul Islam
Dr. Muhammad i-ENVEX Best Award A NZRI
Rashed Iqbal (I.C.T, Multimedia, Metamaterial-Based
Faruque Telecommunications, Invisibility Cloak
Electricity & Electronic)
Sikder Sunbeam
Islam
Prof. Dr. AWARD 2
Norbahiah Misran Silver
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
RESEARCH AWARD 2016
92
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
SUCCESS &
RECOGNITION
2016
SUCCESS & RECOGNITION 2016
94
INTERNATIONAL
NO NAME ACHIEVEMENT PROGRAMME/ORGANISING COMMITTEE

1. Prof. Dato’ Ir. Dr. International Royal Society Award 2016, The Royal
Abdul Wahab Collaboration Awards for Society, UK
Mohammad Research Professors
2. Prof. Dato’ Dr. Special Award World Renewable Energy Congress
Kamaruzzaman Community Involvement (WREC), Bahrain
Sopian and Renewable Energy
3. Prof. Ir. Dr. Siti Highly Cited Researcher Thomson Reuters
Kartom Kamarudin (Field of Engineering)
NATIONAL

1. Prof. Dato’ Ir. Dr. Outstanding Scholastic The Merdeka Award, Ministry of
Wan Ramli Wan Achievement Higher Education (MOHE)
Daud
2. Prof. Dato’ Ir. Dr. Clarivate Analytics Malaysia’s Rising Star Award (MRSA),
Wan Ramli Wan Awards - Highest MOHE
Daud Publishing Citation
Prof. Ir. Dr. Siti
Kartom Kamarudin
3. Prof. Ir. Dr. Zahira Elsevier Award – Women Malaysia’s Rising Star Award (MRSA),
Yaakob Prof. Dr. Azah in Science MOHE
Mohamed
4. Mr. Mohamad Hanif New Innovator Malaysia Commercialisation Year
Md Saad Entrepreneur Award - (MCY2016), MOF, MOSTI
CAISER
5. Dr. Mohd Fairuz Honour Award Malaysia Landscape Architecture
Shahidan Landscape Research Awards, Institute of Landscape
Mohd Khairul Azhar Award Architecture Malaysia (ILAM),
Mat Sulaiman Impact of Tree Canopy International Federation of Landscape
Shading Effect on Architecture (IFLA)
Building Energy Saving
6. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Adi Malaysian Building Malaysian Building Surveyors Gala
Irfan Che Ani Surveyors Award Award Dinner, Royal Institution of
Surveyors Malaysia
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
95
7. Dr. Sudharshan Anugerah Best Paper 13th International Conference on

Naidu N. Raman Award Concrete Engineering and Technology
Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Roszilah Hamid
Prof. Dr. Muhammad
Fauzi Mohd Zain
Jacob L.G. Lim
Dr. Lai Fook Chuan
8. Assoc. Prof. Dr. The ITC 2015 Japanese Society of Tribologists (JAST),
Mariyam Jameelah Excellent Paper Award 24th May 2016
Ghazali
Prof. Dr. Che Husna
Azhari
(2 orang pelajar PhD)
UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA
1. Dr. Kamarul Afizi Kategori: Kaedah dan Pitching Competition, K-Novasi P&P
Kosman Bahan Bantu Mengajar 2016, UKM
RM1000
2. Ms. Farizah Kategori: Pengukuran Pitching Competition, K-Novasi P&P
Ansarudin dan Penilaian RM500 2016, UKM
3. Dr. Mohd Radzi Gold Poster Competition
Abu Mansor The Implementation K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
of CDIO Concept in
Shell Eco-marathon
Competition in
Nurturing Future
Engineers
4. Ms. Shahrom Md Gold Poster Competition
Zain PKSUKM Inovasi K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Penyelidikan Pendidikan
dan Keusahawanan
5. Dr. Mohd Silver Poster Competition
Shahbudin Mastar Strategi Pembangunan K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
@ Masdar Modul Chem E Car
di Peringkat Sekolah
(KEMIa)
6. Dr. Shahrizan Silver Poster Competition
Baharom Assessments in Open- K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Ended Concrete
Laboratory Works
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
96
7. Ms. Shahrom Md Silver Poster Competition

Zain iG–HOME Model K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Pendidikan STEM Inovasi
Rumah Lestari
8. Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Silver Poster Competition
Norhana Arsad Pembangunan Sistem K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Penyeliaan Inovatif
e-Mentor Mentee di
JKEES
9. Dr. Mohd Silver Poster Competition
Shahbudin Mastar Projek Reka Bentuk K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
@ Masdar Loji Proses : Inovasi
Penambahbaikan
10. Dr. Shuhaida Harun Silver Poster Competition
Generic Skill Assessment K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
in Open Ended
Laboratory Assignment
in Department Of
Chemical and Process
Engineering, FKAB UKM
11. Mr. Mohd Khairul Silver Poster Competition
Azhar Mat Students’ Understanding K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Sulaiman on Anthropometry
and Ergonomic in
Shelter Designexecutive
Via Active Learning
Interventions
12. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Silver Poster Competition
Noorhisham Tan Integrating Workplace K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Kofli Communication in
Engineering Integrated
Project (IP) as Way
to Enhance English
Proficiency
13. Ms. Haliza Othman Silver Poster Competition
Keberkesanan K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Pembelajaran Kendiri
Pelajar Dalam
Aktiviti Pembelajaran
Berasaskan Masalah
Bagi Kursus-
Kursus Matematik
Kejuruteraan:
Pendekatan Model
Pengukuran Rasch
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
97
14. Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Silver Poster Competition

Nasharuddin Bin i-Robot : Memupuk K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Zainal minat pelajar terhadap
sains dan matematik
15. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Silver Poster Competition
Hafizah Husain Strategi Pembelajaran K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Pengaturcaraan Untuk
Mendidik Kanak-Kanak
Berfikir
16. Dr. Azrul A.Mutalib Silver Poster Competition
SIPINTAR – Instrumen K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Melahirkan Penyelidik
Pintar
17. Dr. Azrul A.Mutalib Bronze Poster Competition
M&M : An Effective K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Mentoring System
18. Sr. Dr. Suhana Johar Bronze Poster Competition
Persepsi Pelajar Jabatan K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Senibina Sebelum dan
Selepas Latihan Industri
Bagi Sesi 2014/2015
19. Dr. Nizaroyani Bronze Poster Competition
Saibani Penjanaan Kreativiti K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
di Kalangan Pelajar
Tahun 1 Pra-Siswazah
Menggunakan Tugasan
Melalui Penghasilan
Risalah dan Video
Lakonan
20. Dr. Noorhelyna Bronze Poster Competition
Razali Individual Vs Team Work K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
In Learning Engineering
Mathematic Course
21. Dr. Rosiah Rohani Bronze Poster Competition
Market Survey for the K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Requirement of the
Chemical & Biochemical
Engineers In Industries
Way to Strengthen
the Chemical &
Biochemical Engineering
Undergraduates
Curriculum
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
98
22. Dr. Wan Hanna Bronze Poster Competition

Melini Wan Mohtar Gejala Plagiat: Adakah K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Persepsi Pelajar dan
Pensyarah Sejajar?
23. Dr. Wan Nor Bronze Poster Competition
Roslam Wan Isahak Kualiti Ceramah Industri K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
di Jabatan Kejuruteraan
Kimia dan Proses dari
Perspektif Pelajar
24. Dr. Mohammad Bronze Poster Competition
Rasidi Rasani Analisis Prestasi K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Matrikulasi dan
Universiti Pelajar Sarjana
Muda Kejuruteraan
Mekanik
25. Dr. Nik Lukman Nik Bronze Poster Competition
Ibrahim Pembentukan Kurikulum K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Senibina UKM
Berteraskan Senibina
Identiti Kebangsaan
26. Dr. Siti Fatin Mohd Bronze Poster Competition
Razali Pengesanan Plagiat K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Dalam Tugasan Autocad
Pelajar Tahun Satu
27. Ir. Dr. Zambri Bin Bronze Poster Competition
Harun Analysis of STEM K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
General Knowledge
Among Engineering
Students in Selected
Public Universities In
Malaysia
28. Ms. Nuryazmin Bronze Poster Competition
Ahmat Zainuri Indeks Kesukaran Bagi K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Kertas Peperiksaan
Akhir Kursus Matematik
Kejuruteraan di Fakulti
Kejuruteraan dan Alam
Bina, UKM: Kursus
Kalkulus Vektor
29. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bronze Poster Competition
Nurina Anuar Aplikasi Turnitin K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
(Bahasa Melayu) dalam
Perlaksanaan Projek
Ilmiah
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
99

Zulkifli Mohd Applying Rasch K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Nopiah Measurement Model For
First Year Engineering
Student Performance in
VC
31. Dr. Firdaus Mohd Bronze Poster Competition
Hamzah Kesan Pra-Ujian K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Terhadap Pencapaian
Pelajar di dalam Kursus
Persamaan Pembeza
di Fakulti Kejuruteraan
Alam Bina UKM
32. Ir. Dr. Zambri Harun Bronze Poster Competition
The Development of K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
a CNG Vwhicle for the
Shell Eco Marathon Asia
(SEMA) 2016 based on
STEM
33. Dr. Mohammad Bronze Poster Competition
Rasidi Rasani Analisis Perbandingan K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Antara Penilaian
Penyelia dan Pemeriksa
Untuk Projek Tahun
Akhir Pelajar Sarjana
Muda Kejuruteraan
Mekanik
34. Dr. Norinah Abd Bronze Poster Competition
Rahman, Visual-Auditory- K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Kinesthetic: Teaching
Styles and Learning
Styles
35. Dr. Nur Hidayatul Bronze Poster Competition
Nazirah Binti Pengenalan Kepada K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Kamarudin Elemen Kejuruteraan
Biokimia, Kelestarian
Teknologi Proses dan
Kejuruteraan Tenaga
dalam Memperkasakan
Kepakaran Sarjana
Kejuruteraan Kimia
36. Dr. Suraya Sharil Bronze Poster Competition
The Task Based Learning K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Approach in Earthwork
Design for the Integrated
Design Project
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
100
37. Dr. Wan Fathul Bronze Poster Competition

Hakim W. Zamri Pemantapan Analisis K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Komputeran dan
Penghasilan Video
Pendek Dalam Projek
Reka Bentuk Ke Arah
Penyediaan Jurutera
Kompetan
38. Dr. Mohd Farid Bronze Poster Competition
Mohamed Design Studio Approach K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
for the Final Semester of
Bachelor of Architectural
Science in Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia
(UKM)
39. Dr. Nor Haslina Bronze Poster Competition
Ja’afar Pemahaman Terhadap K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Kaedah Penterjemahan
Unsur Alam dalam
Penghasilan Rekabentuk
Potret Diri
40. Dr. Sallehuddin Bronze Poster Competition
Mohd. Haris Pakej Simbolik K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Pendidikan Fizik (i-phys)
Berasaskan Konsep
Pedagogi Sistem Algebra
Komputer
41. Dr. Norliza Abd. Bronze Poster Competition
Rahman Aplikasi Penilaian K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Bersama Bagi Kursus
Kejuruteraan Sistem
Proses
42. Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Bronze Poster Competition
Norhana Arsad I-Tauhid Menggunakan K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Pendekatan Video
Interaktif
Noorhisham Tan Multinational & K-Novasi P&P 2016, UKM
Kofli Multidisciplinary Design
Projects for Innovation &
Creativity Enhancement
Amongst Engineering
Students
44. Prof. Ir. Dr. Siti Winners Anugerah Bitara 2016, UKM
Kartom Kamarudin Kategori Bitara Sarjana
(Individu)
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
101
45. Assoc. Prof. Ir.Dr. Winners Anugerah Bitara 2016, UKM

Abu Bakar Sulong Kategori Bitara Sarjana
(Harapan
46. Sr. Dr. Khairul Winners Anugerah Bitara 2016, UKM
Nizam Abdul Kategori Bitara Sarjana
Maulud (PTJ/Kump)
47. Unit Pemenang Saguhati Anugerah Bitara 2016, UKM
Pembangunan, Kategori Rekayasa
FKAB Prasarana
48. Prof. Dato’ Ir. Dr. Winners Anugerah Bitara 2016, UKM
Riza Atiq Abdullah Kategori Buku
49. Mr. Mohamad Winners Anugerah Bitara 2016, UKM
Hanif Md Saad Kategori Pengkomersilan
Prof. Dr. Aini Produk
Hussain
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
102
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
RESEARCH PROJECT
2016
RESEARCH PROJECT 2016
104
RESEARCH PROJECTS 2016
SCIENCE FUND
FUNDED BY MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION (MOSTI)
NO RESEARCHER RESEARCH CODE/PROJECT TITLE AMOUNT

APPROVED (RM)
1. DR. MOHAMAD HANIF 01-01-02-SF1386 185,400.00
BIN MD SAAD
Design and Implementation of a Parallelized
Complex Event Processing Platform for
Internet of Things Application
2. DR. AHMAD ASHRIF BIN 03-01-02-SF1317 271,000.00
A BAKAR
Development of Smart Microsurgical Device in
Retinal Microsurgery Based on Optical Tactile
Sensing Technique
3. PROF. DR. SITI AMINAH 04-01-02-SF1298 186,600.00
BT. OSMAN
Near Surface Mounted (NSM) Techniques
for Seismic Retrofitting and Strengthening of
Exterior Reinforced Concrete Beam-column
Joint Using Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer
(GFRP)
4. IR. DR. ZAMBRI BIN 06-01-02-SF1326 149,000.00
HARUN
The Optimized Plate Type Floor Splitter Design
to Reduce Vortices in Water Pump Intake
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
105
Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS)

FUNDED BY MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION MALAYSIA

APPROVED (RM)
1. DR. WAN MIMI DIYANA FRGS/1/2016/ICT01/UKM/02/4 92,900.00
BINTI WAN ZAKI
A Novel Computer Assisted Ocular Disease
Screening Framework for Anterior Segment
Photographed Image (ASPI)
2. DR. MOHAMAD HANIF BIN FRGS/1/2016/ICT02/UKM/02/7 67,000.00
MD SAAD
Similarity Search Based Event Detection
Rule and Template Generation via the Use of
Entropy and Information Gain Approach
3. DR. FIRDAUS MOHAMAD FRGS/1/2016/STG06/UKM/02/1 81,700.00
HAMZAH
An Integrated Statistical Data-Driven Analysis
For Flood Frequency, Discharge and Water
Stage.
4. DR. NUR HIDAYATUL FRGS/1/2016/STG07/UKM/03/1 76,000.00
NAZIRAH KAMARUDIN
Synthesis and Functionalization of
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with poly(2-
vinylpyridine) for a Stimuli-Responsive Drug
Carrier
5. DR. SHUHAIDA HARUN FRGS/1/2016/TK02/UKM/02/4 114,000.00
Role of Ammonia and Pretreatment

Conditioning Processes on Inhibitor
Production: Inhibitory Effect and Tolerance in
Downstream Processes
6. PROF. IR. DR. JAHARAH A FRGS/1/2016/TK03/UKM/01/1 91,500.00
GHANI
Characterization of Subsurface Microstructure
in Cryogenic Machining of Alloy Steel for
Automotive Industry
7. IR. DR. ZAMBRI HARUN FRGS/1/2016/TK03/UKM/02/1 120,000.00
The Development of Urban Heat Island

Mitigation Strategies
8. DR. INTAN FADHLINA FRGS/1/2016/TK03/UKM/02/4 102,000.00

MOHAMED
Giant Straining of Highly Commercial
Aluminum Alloys via High-pressure Torsion
Process for Vehicle Applications
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
106
9. ASSOC. PROF. DR. MOHD. FRGS/1/2016/TK03/UKM/02/5 77,000.00

ZAKI BIN NUAWI
Enhancing the Material Properties
Characteristics Study by Monitoring the
Mechanical Structure Based on Non-
conventional Modal Analysis
10. PROF. IR. DR. SALINA FRGS/1/2016/TK04/UKM/01/1 93,000.00
ABDUL SAMAD
Designing Optimal Advanced Correlation
Filters for Spectrogram and Scalogram
Processing
11. ASSOC. PROF. DR. FRGS/1/2016/TK04/UKM/02/1 60,500.00

KALAIVANI A/P
CHELLAPPAN Multi-scale Computational Model of Three-
Dimensional Hemodynamics of Upper Limb
Arterial System for Atrial Fibrillation Modeling
12. DR. GAN KOK BENG FRGS/1/2016/TK04/UKM/02/5 117,300.00
Upper Extremity Personalized Biomechanical

Model for Stroke Survivors Using Wearable
Sensors
13. DR. NORHANA ARSAD FRGS/1/2016/TK04/UKM/02/7 96,200.00
Investigation of Highly Sensitive Chemical

Material for OSCC Biomaker Application
14. ASSOC. PROF. DR. FRGS/1/2016/TK06/UKM/02/2 94,000.00

ROSZILAH HAMID
Mechanical Properties and Durability of
Chemically Treated Kenaf Fibre Reinforced
Cement Composite (KFRCC) Incorporating
Water Treatment Sludge
15. SHAHROM MD ZAIN FRGS/1/2016/TK07/UKM/02/3 103,000.00
Electricity Generation from an Integrated

Activated Sludge Treatment Process and
Microbial Fuel Cell Using Exoelectrogens
Mixed Bacteria
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
107
Prototype Development Research Grant Scheme (PRGS)


APPROVED (RM)
1. PROF. DR. NOWSHAD PRGS/1/2016/TK04/UKM/01/1 76,000.00
AMIN
Pre-commercial Prototype Development
of Data Acquisition System for Standalone
Photovoltaic Systems with Enhanced
Functionalities
Transdisciplinary Research Grant Scheme (TRGS)


APPROVED (RM)
1. PROF. DR. OTHMAN TRGS/1/2015/UKM/02/5/1 207,800.00
JAAFAR
Physical Impacts of Sea Level Rise Due to the
Changes in Coastal and Climate System
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
108
DANA IMPAK PERDANA (Research University Grant)


APPROVED (RM)
1. PROF. DR. AINI HUSSAIN DIP-2015-012 250,000.00
Intelligent Technologies In Interdisciplinary

Research for Development of Smart
Engineering Systems
2. PROF. DR. NORBAHIAH DIP-2015-014 200,000.00
BINTI MISRAN
Microwave Imaging Systems to Detect
Unwanted Cells using High Gain UWB Antenna
3. PROF. DR. AMIRUDDIN DIP-2015-019 150,000.00
ISMAIL
Improvement the Sustainability of Asphaltic
Pavement by Polymers and Nano-materials
4. ASSOC. PROF. DR. DIP-2015-021 250,000.00
BADARIAH BAIS
Surface Modification with Nano-structures and
Nano-scale Thin Film Coating for Enhanced
Opto-electronic Conversion by Increased
Activation Area
5. PROF. DR. ANDANASTUTI DIP-2016-001 150,000.00
MUCHTAR
Development of Machinable Ceramics Blocks
for Dental Crowns via Combined Colloidal
Forming and Cold Isostatic Pressing
6. ASSOC. PROF. DR. MASLINA DIP-2016-006 150,000.00
JAMIL
Unique Characterization of Chemical and Filler
Effect of Nano-Engineered Green Pozzolanic
Materials For Eco-cementitious System
7. PROF. DR. MOHD. ZAIDI DIP-2016-007 100,000.00
OMAR
Mechanical Integrity and Machinability of Cast
and Thixoformed Al-Si-Mg Novel Aluminium
Alloys
8. ASSOC. PROF. DR. SAWAL DIP-2016-008 150,000.00
HAMID MD ALI
Automatic Eating Behaviour Monitoring System
for Calorie Estimation
9. PROF. DR. NORHAMIDI DIP-2016-009 100,000.00
MUHAMAD
Magnetic – Non-magenetic Layered Bi-material
through Co-Powder Injection Moulding (Co-
PIM)
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
109
10. DR. WAN NOR ROSLAM DIP-2016-010 150,000.00

WAN ISAHAK
Hydrogen Storage into Chemicals and Fuels by
Catalytic Method
11. PROF. IR. DR. AHMAD DIP-2016-011 100,000.00
KAMAL ARIFFIN BIN MOHD
IHSAN Reliability Formulation of Fatigue Life
Assessment for Powder-bed Laser-fused
Materials
12. PROF. DR. ABDUL AMIR H. DIP-2016-020 150,000.00
KADHUM
CO2 Conversion on Nano-graphene
13. ASSOC. PROF. DR. HUDA DIP-2016-021 100,000.00
ABDULLAH
Fabrication of PANI Doped with Metal Alloys
(Fe, Al, Ni,Mn,Co,Pd, Pt) Based Electrochemical
Biosensor Irradiated with Gamma Ray for
Leptospira Detection Application
14. DR. HASSIMI ABU HASAN DIP-2016-030 150,000.00
Development of Real-time Process Control

for Simultaneous Removal of Ammonia and
Manganese in Drinking Water Treatment
Through Biosand Filtration Technology
15. PROF. DATO’ IR. DR. ABDUL DIP-2016-031 150,000.00
WAHAB MOHAMMAD
Palm Oil Mill Biogas Reactor Effluent
Concentration for Production of Organic
Fertilizer and Water Reclamation using an
Integrated Forward Osmosis Membrane
Process
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
110
GERAN GALAKAN PENYELIDIKAN –INDUSTRI

(Research University Grant)

APPROVED (RM)
1. DR. SITI FATIN MOHD RAZALI GGPI-2016-001 21,000.00
Low Flow Characteristics for Rivers in

Selangor State Region
GERAN GALAKAN PENYELIDIKAN –KOMUNITI

(Research University Grant)
FUNDED BY MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCAT ION MALAYSIA

APPROVED (RM)
1. DR. KAMARUL AFIZI GGPK-2016-006 21,000.00
KOSMAN
Pembangunan Identiti Senibina Kebangsaan
Berdasarkan Bentuk Geometri Asas
GERAN GALAKAN PENYELIDIK MUDA (Research University Grant)


APPROVED (RM)
1. DR. MOHD FAISAL IBRAHIM GGPM-2016-003 45,000.00
Evolutionary Computation Based Intelligent

Task Scheduling for Multi-objective Multi-
constraint Autonomous Robotic Exploration
System (MOMCARES)
2. DR. AQILAH BASERI HUDDIN GGPM-2016-007 45,000.00
Feature Extraction for Mammograms Using

Deep Belief Network (DBN)
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
111
3. DR. MOHD SHAIFUL SAJAB GGPM-2016-025 45,000.00
Preparation of Bifunctional Graphene Oxide-

Fe(III) for Removal of Lignin and Phenolic
Derivatives in Cyclic of Adsorption and
Fenton-oxidation System
4. DR. NOORHELYNA TI RAZALI GGPM-2016-026 45,000.00
The Symmetrization of Lobatto IIIA Methods

in Solving Stiff Ordinary Differential Problems
in Engineering
5. DR. NUR HIDAYATUL GGPM-2016-027 45,000.00

NAZIRAH KAMARUDIN
Tailorable and Functionalizable Porous-Silica
Carbon Nanomaterials (PS-CN) for the Anti-
Cancer Drugs Adsorption and Release
6. DR. INTAN FADHLINA GGPM-2016-029 45,000.00

MOHAMED
Extra Strengthening in Nanostructured
AA2618 Alloy by High-Pressure Torsion and
Post-aging Treatment
7. DR. TEOW YEIT HAAN GGPM-2016-030 45,000.00
Fouling Behavior and Cleaning property of

Different Commercial Membranes Applied
for Tertiary Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
Treatment
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
112
GERAN SANJUNGAN PENYELIDIKAN (GSP)


APPROVED (RM)
1. PROF. IR. DR. SITI KARTOM GSP/1/2015/TK01/UKM/01/1 317,800.00
KAMARUDIN
Development of Low Carbon Power Pack for
Portable Medical Equipment
GERAN UNIVERSITI PENYELIDIKAN (GUP)


APPROVED (RM)
1. ASSOC. PROF. DR. MOHD GUP-2015-053 70,000.00
ASYRAF ZULKIFLEY
3S-Fisio: A Smart Physiotherapy System for
Home-based Rehabilitation
2. PROF. DR. T PRAKASH G. GUP-2015-054 50,000.00
THAMBURAJA
The Intelligent Design of Microstructure
in Polysilicon Thin Film Solar Cells via a
Combined Theoretical-Computational-
Experimental Approach
3. DR. WAN MIMI DIYANA GUP-2016-003 124,000.00
WAN ZAKI
Mobile Pterygium Screening System Based on
Anterior Segment Photographed Images (ASPI)
4. DR. NOR FADZILAH GUP-2016-005 147,565.00
ABDULLAH
Smart Campus: Roadmap Towards the Internet
of Things
5. PROF. DR. MOHD. SAHAID GUP-2016-006 131,600.00
KALIL
Biobutanol daripada Sisa Pertanian Melalui
Fermentasi Aerobik Menggunakan Strain
Aerotoleran Pencilan Tempatan Clostridium
Acetobutylicum YM1
6. DR. SHUHAIDA BINTI GUP-2016-007 149,800.00
HARUN
Enhanced Hydrolysability Performance of
Anhydrous Ammonia Pretreated Empty Fruit
Bunch and Sago Bark Through Multivariate
Optimization for Efficient Bioconversion: Effect
of Particle Size and Glucan Loading
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
113
7. DR. MUHAMAD NAZRI GUP-2016-019 103,000.00

BORHAN
Kajian Pengoptimuman Sistem Pengangkutan
Bas -Pendekatan Matematik dan Algoritma
8. PROF. DR. FATIHAH SUJA` GUP-2016-020 140,200.00
Productivity Enhancement of a Stepped Solar

Still for Green Seawater Desalination
9. PROF. DR. JAMALIAH MD GUP-2016-040 150,000.00
JAHIM
Effect of Solid Retention Time and Organic
Loading Rate in Upflow Anaerobic Digester
for Enhanced Thermophilic Biohydrogen
Production
10. DR. MASLI IRWAN ROSLI GUP-2016-041 149,500.00
The Investigation of Fluid Behaviour Effects

in High Temperature Proton Exchange
Membrane Fuel Cell
11. PROF. DR. NOWSHAD AMIN GUP-2016-042 113,200.00
Development of Earth-Aundant, High Stability

and Non-toxic Cu2SnS3 (CTS) Thin Film Solar
Cells for Hot Climatic Conditions
12. DR. MOHD SHAHBUDIN GUP-2016-043 145,500.00
MASTAR @ MASDAR
Electrochemical Studies for the Nano-
Carbonaceous Materials in Electrocatalytic
Activity of Ethanol Oxidation
13. DR. MOHD FAIS MANSOR GUP-2016-050 100,000.00
Development of Multilayer Antenna Array

Utilising Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic
(LTCC) Fabrication Technology for 5G Indoor
Base Station
14. KAMARULZAMAN MAT GUP-2016-051 90,000.00
Development of a New Realistic Breast

Phantom for Microwave Breast Cancer
Detection
15. ASSOC. PROF. IR. DR. GUP-2016-053 100,000.00
MASTURAH MARKOM
High Pressure Fractionation (HPF) Technique
for Rapid Recovery of Standardized and
Enriched Extracts from Orthosiphon
Stameneus and Labisia Pumila
16. DR. WAN NOR ROSLAM GUP-2016-057 100,000.00
WAN ISAHAK
Pembangunan Bahan Hibrid Poliamina-Oksida
Berpenyokong Karbon Kuantum Dot (CQDs)
Sebagai Penjerap Gas Karbon Dioksida dari
Udara
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
114
17. DR. ROSIAH ROHANI GUP-2016-086 130,000.00
Separation of Biohydrogen and CO2 from

Biomass Fermentation Using A Hybrid Algae–
membrane Contactor System for Zero Carbon
Emission
18. PROF. DR. AZAMI ZAHARIM GUP-2016-088 90,000.00
Hybrid Tandem Heterojunction Graphene-

based Dye-sensitized Solar Cell with Low
Optical and Low Cost Fabrication
GERAN ARUS PERDANA (Research University Grant)


APPROVED (RM)
1. PROF. DR. MUHAMMAD AP-2015-002 250,000.00
FAUZI MOHD. ZAIN
Development of Sustainable Decorative
Concrete For Structural Application Using
Spherical CRT Waste Glass
2. ASSOC. PROF. IR. DR. AP-2015-007 250,000.00
MANDEEP SINGH A/L JIT
SINGH Development of Material Based MIMO
Access Point Antenna Using New Adaptive
Weight Based Algorithm for WLAN and
WiMAX Applications
3. PROF. DR DZURAIDAH ABD. AP-2015-008 100,000.00
WAHAB
A New Durability Analysis for Efficient Usage
of Automotive Components in Multiple Life
Cycles for Environmental Sustainability
4. ASSOC. PROF. DR. SITI AP-2015-011 300,000.00
AMINAH OSMAN
Development of Affordable and Innovative
Earthquake Resistance (AIER) System for Low-
rise Residential Buildings
5. PROF. IR. DR. SITI AP-2015-013 250,000.00
ROZAIMAH SHEIKH
ABDULLAH Pembangunan Teknologi Fitoremediasi Dalam
Merawat Air Sisa Industri ke Arah Kelestarian
Industri dan Komuniti Setempat
6. ASSOC. PROF. DR. ROSZILAH AP-2015-015 200,000.00
HAMID
Inisiatif CDIO dalam Memperkasakan
Pendidikan Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina
7. ASSOC. PROF. DR. AP-2015-016 200,000.00
ZAINUDDIN SAJURI
Development of Light Weight Materials for
Ballistic Applications in Tropical Climates
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
115
TOPDOWN RESEARCH GRANT (Research University Grant)


APPROVED (RM)
1. DR. SUDHARSHAN NAIDU TD-2016-008 36,000.00
A/L RAMAN
An Engineering Performance Based Building
Information Modeling (ep-BIM) System
for Efficient Monitoring, Management
and Maintenance of UKM Facilities and
Infrastructures
2. SHAHROM MD ZAIN TD-2016-013 40,000.00
Pengkomposan Sisa Makanan dan Sisa

Taman UKM Kaedah Timbunan Berbalik
Mikroorganisma Efektif
3. PROF. DR. MUHAMMAD TD-2016-019 70,000.00
FAUZI MOHD. ZAIN
MYREN TV for Sustainable Knowledge
Enhancement and Disbursement
GERAN MAKMAL ALAMI


APPROVED (RM)
1. PROF. IR. DR. ZAHIRA LIV-2015-04 100,000.00
YAAKOB
Effect of Nutrients, Water and Biopesticides
of 15 Cultivars of Ficus Carica on Phenolic
Compounds Content in Control Green House
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
116
EXTERNAL RESEARCH GRANT
NO RESEARCHER RESEARCH CODE/PROJECT TITLE AGENCY AMOUNT

APPROVED (RM)
1. PROF. DATO’ KK-2016-001 Indah Water 134,390.00
IR. DR. ABDUL Konsortium Sdn.
WAHAB R&D Project Study Proposal for the Bhd.
MOHAMMAD Development of an Effective and
Economic Disinfection Technology
2. DR. NOR KK-2016-004 Newton Fund 142,808.00

FADZILAH
ABDULLAH 5G Architecture and Technologies for a
Visualized Smart City
3. PROF. DR. KK-2016-007 KYUTECH 200,000.00
MOHAMMAD UNIVERSITY
TARIQUL ISLAM The UHF/VHF Patch Antenna
Development for CubeSats
4. ASSOC. PHI-2015-001 Knowledge 109,880.00

PROF. DR. Technology Transfer
KALAIVANI A/P m-Health Monitoring Through Programme (KTP)
CHELLAPPAN SMS Gateway in Malaysian Rural
Community
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
PERFORMANCE
OF RESEARCH
PROJECT AND PUBLICATION
2015-2016
PERFORMANCE OF RESEARCH PROJECT AND PUBLICATION IN YEAR 2015-2016
118
PERFORMANCE OF PROJECT RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION IN YEAR 2015-2016

PERFORMANCE OF RESEARCH PROJECT AND PUBLICATION IN
There are three categories of theYEAR 2015-2016
research project: internal, national and external. The
categories refer to the source of the funds; internal projects are funded by the
university; national projects are funded directly by the Ministry and the external
projects fund are from various local and international industries or institutional. The
T here are three categories of the research project: internal, national and external. The categories refer
projects
directly
under
to the source
grant by is AP/CP,
thefunds;
of the
GGPM,
the Ministry
internal
KRA,
and the
category,
internal
DIP, GGP,
external
which
projects are
GGPM,
projects fund are
funded
funded
DLP,
fromDPK,
under Research
by the university;
GUP,
various RACE,
local
University
national projects
STEM, GGPK,
and internati
(RU)
are funded
PTS,
onal industries
orDana
institutiInovasi and
onal. The others.
projects Thethe
under total number
internal of internal
category, projects
which funded forResearch
under the yearUniversity
2015 is 31(RU)
grant is AP/CP, GGPM, KRA, DIP, GGP, GGPM, DLP, DPK, GUP, RACE, STEM,
projects and year 2016 is 29 projects. The projects under national category are FRGS, GGPK, PTS, Dana Inovasi and
others. The total number of internal projects for the year 2015 is 31 projects and year 2016 is 29 projects.
TRGS, PRGS, SCIENCEFUND and KTP. The total number of national projects for the year
The projects under national category are FRGS, TRGS, PRGS, SCIENCEFUND and KTP. The total number of
2015
nati onalisprojects
31 projects
for theand
yearyear
20152016 is 19 projects.
is 31 projects and yearFor theisexternal
2016 category,
19 projects. the projects
For the external category,
are
the funded
projects areby institutional
funded agencies
by instituti in Malaysia,
onal agencies in Malaysia,international
international and theindustries.
and the industries.
TheThe
total
number of external projects for the year 2015 is 6 projects and year 2016
total number of external projects for the year 2015 is 6 projects and year 2016 is 3is 3 projects.
projects.
Internal Project National Project External

Agency
21
2015
2016 15
10 10
7 7
5 5
4 4 4
2 2 2 23 21 12 3
00 0 0 10 00 1 1 0 1 0 10 1
0
1
00 0
Key:
Key:
AP/CP – Arus Perdana/Cabaran Perdana
AP/CP
DIP – –Arus Perdana/Cabaran
Dana Impak Perdana Perdana DIP – Dana Impak Perdana
DLP
DLP – Dana Lonjakan
– Dana Lonjakan Penerbitan Penerbitan DPK – Dana Padanan Kolaborasi
DPK – Dana Padanan Kolaborasi
FRGS – Fundalmental Resarch Grant Scheme GGPK – Geran Galakan Penyelidikan Komuniti
FRGS – Fundalmental Resarch Grant Scheme
GGPM
GGPK – –Geran
GeranGalakan Penyelidik
Galakan Muda
Penyelidikan GUP
Komuniti – Geran Universiti Penyelidikan
GGPM
KRA – Geran Galakan Penyelidik
– Dana Penyelidikan Strategik Muda KTP – Knowledge Technology Transfer Programme
GUP
PTS – Geran Universiti
– Projek Tindakan StrategikPenyelidikan PRGS – Prototype Research Grant Scheme
KRA – Dana Penyelidikan Strategik
RACE
KTP – –Research
KnowledgeAcculturati on Collaborati
Technology ve Effort
Transfer Programme
PTS
STEM – –Science,
ProjekTechnology
TindakanEngineering,
Strategik and Mathematics
PRGS – Prototype Research Grant Scheme
TRGS
RACE – –Translati
Researchonal Research Grant Scheme
Acculturation Collaborative Effort
STEM – Science, Technology Engineering, and Mathematics
TRGS – Translational Research Grant Scheme
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
119
Percentage of Research Funded in Year 2016

Nasional, International ,
RM 65,270.50 (1%)
Percentage
RM 940,000.00of(16%)
Research Funded in Year 2016
DIP, RM 1,300,000.00
Nasional, International , (22%)
PRGS, (1%)
RM 65,270.50 RM 940,000.00 (16%) DIP, RM 1,300,000.00
RM 71,698.11 (1%)
(22%)
PRGS,
ScienceFund,
RM 71,698.11 (1%)
RM 605,400.00
(10%)
ScienceFund,
RM 605,400.00
(10%) GUP,
RM 1,354,365.00
(23%)
GUP,
FRGS, RM 1,354,365.00
RM 1,307,641.05 (23%)
GGPM,
(22%)
FRGS, RM 315,000.00 (5%)
RM 1,307,641.05 Universiti-Community,
RM 21,000.00 (0.3%) University-Industry, GGPM,
(22%)
RM 21,000.00 (0.3%) RM 315,000.00 (5%)
Universiti-Community,
RM 21,000.00 (0.3%) University-Industry,
As shown in the chart above, the total RM 21,000.00
amount (0.3%)
of research
funded in the year 2016
Aswas RM 6,001,374.66.
shown in the chartThe breakdown
above, the totalof funds
amountreceived in thefunded
of research year 2016 by category
in the year 2016
As shown
wasRM
was in the chart
RM 6,001,374.66. above,
3,011,365.00 The the
frombreakdown total
internal funds, amount of research
RM 2,050,009.66
of funds received in thefunded
fromyear in the
national year
2016 funds 2016
and
by category
was
was RM
RM 6,001,374.66.
3,011,365.00 The
frombreakdown
internal
RM 940,000.00 from external agency funds. of funds
funds, received
RM in the
2,050,009.66 year
from 2016
nati by
onal category
funds and
was
RM RM 3,011,365.00
940,000.00 from
from external internal
agency funds.funds, RM 2,050,009.66 from national funds and
RM 940,000.00 from external agency funds.
Comparison of Publication for Year 2015 and 2016
Comparison of Publication for Year 2015 and 2016

800 664 648
800
600 664 648
Quantity
600
400
204 197 2015
Quantity
400
200 109 85 2016
55 19
204 197 14 35 19 14 6 6 1 1 2015
2000 109 85 2016
55 19
14 35 19 14 6 6 1 1
0
The total number of publications for the year 2015 and 2016 is 1072 and 1005. The focus
on journal publications is in line with the direction and the targets set by the faculty
The
Thetotal
totalnumber
number of of
publicati ons for the
publications for year 2015 2015
the year and 2016
and is2016
1072is and
10721005.
and The focus
1005. Theon journal
focus
every year. Q1 & Q2 refer to publications in high impact journals with the higher
publications is in line with the direction and the targets set by the faculty every year. Q1 & Q2 referrankto
on journal
quartiles, publications
i.e. upper halfis in line
Q1 &with with the direction and the targets set by the
Q2.the higher rank quartiles, i.e. upper half Q1 & Q2. faculty
publicati ons in high impact journals
every year. Q1 & Q2 refer to publications in high impact journals with the higher rank
quartiles, i.e. upper half Q1 & Q2.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
120
Comparison of Publication for Top 10 Faculty/Institute in UKM
1200 Comparison of Publication for Top 10 Faculty/Institute in UKM
1200
1000
1000
800
800
600
600
400
400
200
200
0
FST FKAB FPER FSSK FTSM FSK FEP FPEND FPI LESTARI
0
FSTJournal
FKAB Proceeding
FPER FSSKBookFTSMChapter
FSK in Book
FEP FPEND
Policy FPI
Popular LESTARI
Writing
Journal Proceeding Book Chapter in Book Policy Popular Writing
Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment is among the highest contributors of
Facultypublications
Faculty between
ofof Engineering
Engineering and
andfaculties/institutes
Built Environmentin UKM.
Built Environment is The total
is among
among thenumber
the highest of
highest faculties inofUKM
contributors
contributors of
publicati ons between
is 13 and between faculti
institutes is es/insti tutes
14. The Faculty ofin UKM. The total number of faculti es in UKM
publications faculties/institutes in Engineering
UKM. The total and Built Environment
number of faculties in consists
UKM of
is 13 and institutes is 13. The Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment consists of
5 is 135 and
departments,
departments, institutes is114.
1 unit and
unitThe
and
4 research
4 research
Faculty
centres.ofThe
centres. The departments
Engineering
departmentsand Built Environment
are Department
are Department
of Chemicalconsists of of
& Process
Chemical
5 departments,
Engineering, & Process
1 unitofand
Department Engineering,
4 research
Mechanical & Department of departments
Mechanical
centres.Engineering,
Materials The Department&areMaterials Engineering,
ofDepartment
Civil & of
Structural
Department
Engineering,
Chemical Department
& Processof Civil
of & Structural
Electrical,
Engineering, Engineering,
Electronic
Department& Systems Department
Engineering
of Mechanical and of Electrical,
& Department
Materials Electronic &
of Architecture.
Engineering,
The unit is Unit of
Systems
Department Fundamental
Engineering
of Engineering
and
Civil & Structural Studies while
Department
Engineering, the centres areThe
of Architecture.
Department Centre
of unit for
is Engineering
Unit of
Electrical, Educati&on
Fundamental
Electronic
Research, Centre for Automotive Research, Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre and Research
Engineering
Systems Studies
Engineering and while the centres
Department are Centre forThe
of Architecture. Engineering
unit is UnitEducation
of FundamentalResearch,
Centre for Sustainable Process Technology.
Engineering Studies while the centres are Centre for Engineering Education Research,and
Centre for Automotive Research, Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre
Research
Centre Centre forResearch,
for Automotive Sustainable Process Technology.
Sustainable Urban Transport Research Centre and
Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology.
82 78 FKAB
89 78
82 FKAB
FST
124
89 648
FST FPER
124 648
157 FPERFSSK
157
Ranking of Indexed FSSKFTSM
172
Ranking ofinIndexed
Journal UKM (Top 10) FTSM
FSK
172 Journal in UKM (Top 10)
FSK FEP
226 FEP FPEND
226
596 FPEND
LESTARI
321 596 LESTARI
FFAR
321 FFAR
From the chart, it is obvious that the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment
From the chart, it is obvious that the Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment published the most
articlespublished
From inthe the
chart,
indexed itmostforarticles
is obvious
journals in
UKM inthat indexed
2016. journals
the Faculty for UKM in 2016.
of Engineering and Built Environment
published the most articles in indexed journals for UKM in 2016.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
121
Publications of Research Books
ADAPTIVE NOISE CANCELLATION SYSTEMS

USING SELECTABLE ALGORITHMS
Authors: Roshahliza Ramli & Salina Abdul Samad
ISSN: 9783659938467
ISLANDING DETECTION AND LOAD SHEDDING

SCHEME FOR POWER SYSTEM WITH DG
Authors: Aziah Khamis & Azah Mohamed
ISSN: 9783659773709
KAMUS SENIBINA
Authors: Mastor Surat, Aniza Abdul Aziz,
Nangkula Utaberta & Mazlan Mohd Tahir
ISSN: 9789834903985
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
122
PEMESINAN LESTARI ALOI TITANIUM UNTUK

KEGUNAAN AEROANGKASA
Author: Che Hassan Che Haron
ISSN: 9789674123796
PENAMBAHBAIKAN KUALITI BERTERUSAN

DALAM PENDIDIKAN KEJURUTERAAN
Authors: Mastura Markom, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin
Mohd Ikhsan & Roszilah Hamid
ISSN: 9789674123086
PERANTI SUMBER KUASA MUDAH ALIH

MENGGUNAKAN SEL FUEL METANOL LANGSUNG
Author: Siti Kartom Kamarudin
ISSN: 9789674124298
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY 2016
124
INTELECTUAL PROPERTY 2016
RESEARCH CODE TYPE OF

NO PRODUCT NAME LEAD INVENTOR /PROJECT INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY
Anti Fire Locking PROF. ING. DR. NIK ABDULLAH
1 MY-157973-A Patent Granted
Device BIN NIK SALLEH
A Method of
PROF. DATO’ IR. DR. ABDUL
2 Producing Coconut MY-158873-A Patent Granted
WAHAB BIN MOHAMMAD
Protein Powder
Laser Guided Qibla

Measurement
Device (System
and Method for
ASSOC. PROF. DR. NORHANA
3 Translating Direction 2016700466 Patent Filed
BINTI ARSAD
to Reference Point
from Outdoor Area
to Indoor Area of
Building)
Low Cost, Efficient

Method of Multi
Walled Carbon Nano
Tubes Production
PROF. DR. SITI MASRINDA BT.
4 Over Hydrous 2016500030 Patent Filed
TASIRIN
Magnesium Sillicate
Catalyst Systems
Via Chemical Vapor
Deposition Processes
An Instrument for
Decoupling of Axial
and Transverse
Force Components ASSOC. PROF. IR. DR. AHMAD
5 2016702664 Patent Filed
Crosstalk and ASHRIF BIN A BAKAR
A Method of
Manufacturing the
Same
Uhf Band Compact

PROF. DR. MOHAMMAD
6 Patch Antenna for 2016703753 Patent Filed
TARIQUL ISLAM
Nano Satellite
INNOVATE VOLUME 11
125
Energy-Efficient
Transmission
Techniques for
Bicycle Wireless
Sensor Networks
(Energy Efficient
ASSOC. PROF. IR. DR.
7 Wireless 2016001967 Patent Filed
ROSDIADEE BIN NORDIN
Communication
Methods and
Systems to Monitor
Biomechanical
Parameters of
Vehicle)
Vertalyzer: Intelligent
UKM
8 Vertebrae Analyser PROF. DR. AINI BT. HUSSAIN Copyright
IKB/108/2/1105
System
PROF. IR. DR. SHAHRUM BIN UKM

9 S-Diagram Copyright
ABDULLAH IKB/108/2/1118
LWR-IM: An Efficient
Integrated Traffic
Model for Modeling
PROF. DR. MD. MAMUN BIN IBNE UKM
10 Platoon Dynamics Copyright
REAZ IKB/108/2/1128
and Performance
Analysis of Traffic in
Arterials
Spade: An Improved
Sequence Prediction PROF. DR. MD. MAMUN BIN IBNE UKM
11 Copyright
Algorithm for Smart REAZ IKB/108/2/1150
Home User
ENR on Asphalt
UKM
12 Mixed Design for PROF. DR. AMIRUDDIN ISMAIL Copyright
IKB/108/2/640
Road Construction
Student Satisfaction
Measurement Survey
PROF. DR. SITI MASRINDA BT. UKM
13 Form for Engineering TASIRIN Copyright
IKB/108/2/1227
Postgraduate Taught
Courses Programme
Sistem Penyeliaan
ASSOC. PROF. IR. DR. NORHANA UKM
14 Inovatif: E-Mentor Copyright
BINTI ARSAD IKB/108/2/1302
Mentee
INNOVATE VOLUME 11
126
INNOVATE VOLUME 11
POPULAR
WRITINGS
POPULAR WRITINGS
128
POPULAR WRITINGS

THE QUEST TOWARDS

AUTONOMOUS DRONES
Thinal Raj, Abdul Hadi Hamdan, Fazida Hanim Hashim

Department of Electrical, Electronics and System Engineering


In recent years, the word Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) or
commonly known as drones have been cited frequently in academic
publications. By definition, drones are aircrafts that do not have a pilot
but are controlled by an operator on the ground. The majority of
publications are focused on quadcopters which are a type of multi-
copter drones with four fixed propellers. Unlike fixed wing drones, the
multi-copter drones are capable of vertical takeoff and landing without
the need for long runways. Furthermore, multi-copter drones are
highly stable and maneuverable, making them useful for a lot of
applications. Although earlier publications were more focused towards
the design and implementation of quadcopter control systems, current
research direction has pivoted towards intelligent & collaborative
control systems.
Despite the merits of quadcopter design, the major challenges for
the existing quadcopters are lack of intelligence, low flight time and
payload constraints. At the moment, drones are still human operated
on a one-to-one ratio from ground stations. In later designs, efforts are
taken to establish autonomous outdoor navigation with the help of
GPS. For indoor navigation, the existing solutions such as Simultaneous
Localization and Mapping (SLAM) are still in experimental stages and
are expected to be fully operational in upcoming years. On the other
hand, the control of multiple drones outdoors remains an open
challenge. The second major problem is the flight time. Multi-copter
drones are inefficient compared to fixed wing drones because they
always have to provide a constant supply of power to the motors in
order to maintain the hovering altitude. Due to large power
consumption by the motors, flight time is significantly reduced.
Moreover, adding payload to the drones further reduces the overall
efficiency and impacts the flight time.

INNOVATE VOLUME 10
129
The UKM Electrical, Electronics and System Engineering

Department have taken part in the journey of designing and
implementing autonomous drones. Many preliminary works, such
as bio-inspired path planning algorithm, flight controller design,
lightweight quadcopter body design, octocopter design, and 3D
LiDAR design for indoor mapping as well as brushless motor
characterization has been conducted. Potential applications of
autonomous quadcopter are:
� Search and rescue missions: People missing in forests, trapped
on mountain ranges, lost at sea, or otherwise in trouble,
would be benefit from quadcopter versatility.
� Surveillance system of wide area such as agriculture and
border: Quadcopter can cover wide areas such as palm oil
plantations, paddy fields, gardens, state borders and
restricted areas in order to monitor the condition on the
ground from above.
� Military force: Quadcopter can fly into any area with any
conditions without risking a human life.
� Warehousing: Warehouse inspection will be easily conducted
with the help of quadcopters to find any items accurately in a
short amount of time.
� Filmmaking: The scene view from the air can be easily and
inexpensively recorded.
For further information, please email:

fazida@ukm.edu.my

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

POPULAR WRITINGS
130
MANAGING WASTE BINS

BY USING GEOSPATIAL APPLICATION
Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud, Muhammad Amartur
Rahman Zainal Abidin, Mohd Aizat Saiful Bahri &
Muhammad Aqiff Abdul Wahid

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) in collaboration

with Earth Observation Centre (EOC), Prasarana UKM
and Khazanah UKM utilised implementation of
Geographical Information System (GIS) in managing
and maintaining UKM’s infrastructure. The new
approach is based on a systematic approach to monitor
and retrieve the information of every infrastructure in
UKM along with its location. GIS plays an important
role in this approach as the spatial information of every
detail on the surface of the earth around UKM can be
accessed and view simultaneously by Departments /
Faculties / Institutes just through a monitor.
Figure 1: UKM Infrastructures in ArcMap Environment

INNOVATE VOLUME 10
131
Figure 2: UKM
Garbage Bin
in web-based
environment

The system is built on a ArcGIS platform where the accessed by approved user. By using ArcGIS online,
ArcMap software helps to delineate all the approved user doesn’t need to have ArcMap to display
infrastructure within UKM such as road, building, and retrieve the spatial data from the databases.
pipeline, sewerage, boundary, landscape etc. A The online ve rsion of ArcGIS (we b-based
three-step process is involved in this project and the environment), allows the user to perform few
first step was the collection of data where all the elementary analysis such as data query and buffering.
infra data being collected either through ground data The user can query the data based on characteristics
collection, from existing built plan or digitising required and the result of the query will show its both
method used and the map from Unmanned Aerial the location and attribute. This is a smart system that
Vehicle (UAV) (Figure 1). A central data cloud was it will help decision makers to make good decision
created called UKM Geodatabases where the spatial regarding fund with regards to for managing and
location and its attribute were stored. maintaining UKM infrastructure. The application
During the completion of the database, the data developed in the online environment where all the
that was already collected is simultaneously bins in UKM are stored in a Geodatabases is shown in
designed to be displayed in web-based environment Figure 2. This application is able to query and display
using the platform of ArcGIS online. All the data was the relevant information (Figure 3).
the exported into web map services. This
allows the spatial information of each
infrastructure and
its attribute
can be displayed and

Figure 3: Query process and results

INNOVATE VOLUME 10
POPULAR WRITINGS
132
Crystal @ SME Programme:

Developing Innovative Minds in
Schools & Universities
ENG IN EER IN G ED UC AT ION T EC HN I CA L D IVI SION

rep orted b y

I r. D r Mandeep Jit
Sin gh

I r. D r Mandeep Jit
Sin gh

received his B.Eng. (with
honours) and Ph.D.
degrees in electrical and
ET2D chairman giving a talk on STEM
electronic engineering
from the University of
Northumbria, UK, and
Teenagers have an innate curiosity and This affordable and easy-to-use board
Universiti Sains Malaysia,

natural creativity. These characteristics can be programmed using a computer. By
in 1998 and 2006,
respectively. He is currently need to be nurtured and channelled
into interfacing the board to specific devices, it
the Deputy Chairman of structured, organised and continuous can be programmed to perform various
E2TD committee and an
activities, so that they will continue to tasks automatically, either for the purpose
Associate Professor at
Universiti Kebangsaan flourish.
of games (fun-and-play) or for actual
The Crystal@UKM programme was industrial application. There are no
conceived to realise the country’s limitations to what the students can

innovation agenda, nurture creativity and develop as it all depends on their
develop a sense of competitiveness
creativity.
globally. It utilises facilities
and staff The main features of the programme,
expertise at the Faculty of Engineering & other than inculcating interest and

Built Environment as well nas the School awareness in automation and intelligence,
of Information Science & Technology, are to encourage students to move on to a
based on a module that integrates higher level of education and to prepare
electronics and programming skills to them for the working world.
educate the school students who will also
rep orted b y
Hafi zah H usai n be mentored by university students.

In 2009, the programme was proposed

Hafi zah H usai n
to the office of the Deputy Vice-Chancellor
received
(Industry and Community Affairs) by the
her Bachelor of Science
(Electrical Engineering) Faculty of Engineering & Built
from University of Hartford,
USA in 1986, Masters of Environment, in collaboration with UEM
Science (Mechatronics) Group. The plan was to foster a culture of
from De Montfort
University, UK in 1995 innovation in young people through
and Ph.D. in Electrical exposure to technology by using a
Engineering from Universiti
microcontroller-based Arduino Board.
Teknologi Malaysia in
2007. She is currently an

Associate Professor in the
Department of Electrical,
Electronics and System
Presentation of certificate by Prof. Datuk Ir. Dr
June 2016
JUR UTER A
Mohd Marzuki Mustafa pro vice-chancellor (strategy
and corporate development)

INNOVATE VOLUME 10
133

Group photo between the students, mentors and JKEES staff

The programme offers students the opportunity to The 2 gold medals won in South Korea were an
explore technologies not available in the classroom.
acknowledgment of innovation and original ideas. By
University students mentor school students by guiding winning the international awards, the students have
them in designing and programming the microcontroller gained a high degree of self-confidence and
chip to develop microcontroller-based systems that can demonstrated national pride. All nine prototypes
be used to solve real life problems. Ultimately, the developed can be commercialised and produced on a
experience produces graduates who are concerned for
large scale.
the well-being of society and equip them with skills that

will be useful in the working world.
The programme comprises three phases. In the first
phase, school students are given “hands-on” training,

using specially designed modules and kits. They are

taught to develop simple automatic circuits using the
microcontroller. In the second phase, they are divided
into groups of four students. Each
group is required to
prepare a proposal according to the theme and present
it to a panel. The students are expected to conduct a
study based on the problem that needs to be solved. In
design and develop the
the third phase, the students will
alpha prototype of their projects. The entire programme

takes 6-8 months to complete.
two schools in Gelang
The pilot project started with
Patah, Johor, namely SMK Taman Nusa Jaya and SMK
Kompleks Sultan Abu Bakar. So far, 200 students from Students assembling the prototype
15 schools and 150 UKM students have taken part in the
programme.

The latest programme, involving eight technical

schools, was successfully completed in February 2015.
Two of nine products developed by a group of students
from Sekolah Menengah Teknik Kuala Lumpur, the Page

Turner and the Handicapped Parking Detector, won
several gold and silver awards at the national (IComp
Ex2015, IIDEX 2015 and National Innovation Award
2015) and international level (WIC2015,
South Korea).

JUR UTER A June 2016

“Hands-on” training using specially designed modules and kits
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
POPULAR WRITINGS
134

Tribology in Malaysia: General Perspective

Written by M.F.B. Abdollah (Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka), S. Kasolang (Universiti Teknologi
MARA), N.W.M. Zulkifli (University of Malaya), M.J. Ghazali (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia), I.C.
Gabeshuber (Vienna University of Technology) and H.H. Masjuki (University of Malaya)

INTRODUCTION

Tribology was first coined in 1966 as documented in ‘Jost Report’. The word ‘tribology’ has since gained a common usage
for matters related to friction, wear, and lubrication in machine interactions. Since tribology is an engineering issue that
goes beyond national boundaries, many tribology societies have emerged across the continents partly motivated by the
pursuit for greener world via waste reduction. The move for improved tribology practices in industry has reached Malaysia
and in 2007, Malaysian Tribology Society (MYTRIBOS) was established by local tribologists [1]. MYTRIBOS is responsible to
promote proper practices in research and development related to the field of tribology in Malaysia and to facilitate
collaborations between academia and industry in all possible endeavors. MYTRIBOS eventual vision and mission is to help
reduce energy consumption by making machineries more energy efficient in order to reduce greenhouse gas emission.
MYTRIBOS is contributing towards the improvement of the environment and to achieve a better quality of life and more
sustainable world by creating awareness of the importance of practicing proper tribology. From a humble beginning in
2007, MYTRIBOS now can be proud of its current progress with 89 registered members, coming from different background
and areas of interests, from local and international universities, industries and research institutes. Specifically, more than
80% of MYTRIBOS members are locals and the rest are expatriates working in Malaysia.

CURRENT TRIBOLOGY RESEARCH TRENDS IN MALAYSIA

The current tribology research trends in Malaysia can be classified into five main categories: (a) Green Tribology (b)
Hydrodynamic lubrication in plain journal bearing (c) Tribology of waste materials (d) Surface and coatings technology, and
(e) Biomimetics. Green tribology involves research and development of bio-based lubricants, pioneered by Masjuki and his
co-workers at University of Malaya in the early 1980’s. In relatively recent years, the work by Zulkifli et al. [2] examined the
lubricity of bio-based lubricant derived from different chemically modified fatty acid methyl ester. This bio based lubricant
was synthesized using palm oil methyl ester, pentaerythritol, and trimethylolpropane. They have also investigated the
effect of bio-based lubricant on coating and surface modification. In another group, Belinda and her coworker work on
improved friction and wear performance of micro-dimpled ceramic-on- ceramic interface for hip joint [3].
Many aspects of research work specifically in hydrodynamic lubrication of plain journal bearing have been published by
Kasolang et al. [4] who started their work at the University of Sheffield. The work that started at the University of Sheffield
has been further established at the Universiti Teknologi MARA through co-supervisions of postgraduate students between
the two universities. One of the early highlights of the investigation is on the use of reflection measurement technique to
measure film thickness and viscosity around the circumference of the journal bearing. In later work, other response
parameters such as friction, temperature profile, and pressure profile were also reported. Kasolang and co-workers [5-6]
have started working on other aspects of tribology namely wear and bio lubricants.
Nowadays, the need for engineering materials to be environmentally friendly is rising. Waste materials may be
considered a secondary source of materials with an energetic advantage due to its high energy content. With regard to this
research area, Abdollah and his co-workers strive at seeking innovative and sustainable solutions to these questions by
developing a new potential self-lubricating and friction materials made from agriculture wastes [7-10]. This effort by young
researchers from Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka is expected to have large potential for advancing a zero waste
strategy in improving tribological properties at an affordable cost. Surface treatments including coatings are rapidly
developing areas in tribology that offer new methods and techniques to control friction and wear. In a series of research
collaborations between researchers from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia and SIRIM Berhad resulted in more than a half
dozen top-tier research publications since 2013. Ghazali and her co-workers have been working on oxide-ceramic materials
for marine environments, particularly for tropical countries to mitigate corrosion and wear [11-14]. Identification on vital
parameters in plasma sprayed coating including good surface textures had improved the quality of depositions and
coatings on the substrates for severe conditions, in particular.
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
135
Gebeshuber is an Austrian Professor of Physics who has been living and working in Malaysia since 2009. As a
nanotechnologist, she is well aware of the importance of the nanoscale in tribological applications, and her work bridges
across scales, from nano to the device level. She has been working on bioinspired MEMS on diatom tribology and on green
nanotribology. She introduces biology for tribologists and highlighted the benefits of biomimetics in her latest publication
[15].

Figure 1. Number of papers affiliated to Malaysia, which fall in the field of tribology and published in Scopus database.
The keywords used are tribology, wear, friction, lubrication [16].

MALAYSIAN PUBLICATION IN THE FIELD OF TRIBOLOGY

The publication record of various research organizations and academic organizations were tracked down from as early as
1975 to the current year 2015 and the publication profile obtained is given in Figure 1. The data shown in Figure 1 was
based on Scopus database [16]. Scopus has practically made data searching and compilation on tribology progress in
Malaysia easy which otherwise can be a daunting task to accomplish. Based on the number of published pa pers, it is
uplifting to note that the intensity of research in tribology in Malaysia has increased tremendously since 2007, the year
MYTRIBOS was born. It is worth noting that one of the MYTRIBOS objectives, to promote Malaysia in the field of tribology
through publications, has been progressively achieved.
MYTRIBOS has moved one step further with the establishment of Jurnal Tribologi making its debut in 2014 [17]. Jurnal
Tribologi is strategically written in Malay to signify local efforts but with global impact. This journal is an open access of
peer-reviewed international journal, dedicated to the rapid publication of high quality papers on important subjects in the
areas of tribology and other emerging fields related to friction, wear and lubrication. MYTRIBOS also regularly organizes
international conferences and this year, Malaysian International Tribology Conference
(MITC2015) will be held in Penang [18]. The presence of MYTRIBOS has been recognized and appreciated internationally
with the recent appointment as the host of the coming ASIATRIB in 2018. Indeed, MYTRIBOS is committed and all geared
for promoting the advancement of tribology in Malaysia as well as abroad in support of a more sustainable world.

TRIBOLOGY RELATED INDUSTRY

Tribology related industry may be defined as those companies that engage with friction, wear, and lubrication related
products and technology. The role of industry in promoting tribology is tremendous. In Malaysia, this has yet to grow and
MYTRIBOS has a major role to play. In the context of Malaysia, PETRONAS, as a strong local industry with global presence in
more than 23 countries, is a force to reckon with. In downstream business, PETRONAS helps to enhance Malaysia’s oil and
gas resources. PETRONAS has a total refining capacity of 500,000 barrels per day and one of key petroleum products
produced is lubricants. A subsidiary company known as PETRONAS Lubricants International Sdn. Bhd. (PLI) was established
in 2008 to cater for lubricants global demand. Currently, some of the lubricants based products produced by PETRONAS
include PETRONAS Syntium, PETRONAS Sprinta, and PETRONAS Urania for passenger vehicles, motorcycles, and
commercial vehicles respectively. The commitment of PETRONAS in supporting national education agenda is evident from
its engagements with education providers. Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP) and PETROSAINS are the mark of its
commitment. In the case of Universiti Teknologi MARA, PETRONAS has also established collaborations with different
faculties such as the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Faculty of Chemical Engineering. PETRONAS’s engagement with
universities come in different forms including research, industrial placement, training, and sponsorship [19]. Indeed
PETRONAS is a pride of Malaysia in so many ways.
The roles of PETRONAS are also championed and complimented by other companies such as HYRAX Oil [20], Baseron
(M) Sdn. Bhd., VICSON Sdn. Bhd., MEGA Energy Sdn. Bhd, HAKITA Engineering Sdn. Bhd., ZETA Scientific Sdn. Bhd.,
Lubeworld Holdings Sdn. Bhd., CBM Solutions Sdn. Bhd., Sumber Petroleum Cemerlang Sdn. Bhd., Tenaga Nasional Berhad,
QES (Asia Pacific) Sdn. Bhd., PROEIGHT Sdn. Bhd., TOYO Grease Sdn. Bhd., SYNTOMAX Industries Sdn. Bhd., and FEOSO
Group [21].
INNOVATE VOLUME 10
POPULAR WRITINGS
136

APPLICATION OF AQUATIC
PLANTS FROM TASIK CHINI IN WASTE
AND INDUSTRIAL/DOMESTIC
WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, Mushrifah Idris and Hassimi Abu Hassan

Tasik Chini is a natural wetland system inhabited proven to have the capability to treat wastewater
with aquatic plants such as Lepironia articulata containing heavy metals (lead, iron and
(Kercut), Scirpus grossus (Rumput menderong), aluminum), wastewater from paper recycling
Eleocharis ochrostacys (Purun), Scirpodendron industry (to remove COD and color), effluent from
ochrostachys (Selinsing) and Nelumbo nucifera petroleum industry (to eliminate Total Petroleum
(Teratai). Hydrocarbon and Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbon) and domestic wastewater
These plants have their own roles to filter, clarify containing BOD, COD and nutrients. This
and trap dirt, sediments and pollutants from lake constructed wetland system or phytoremediation
water, apart from their own aesthetic value. This technology has been and are currently utilised to
natural wetland concept has been applied to treat treat waste and wastewater by multinational
waste and, industrial and domestic wastewater petroleum company, Petroliam Nasional Berhad
containing heavy metals, organic contaminants, (PETRONAS) and Malaysia Newsprint Industries
dyes, suspended solids and micro-pollutants. (MNI).
Scirpus grossus and Lepironia articulata have been

INNOVATE VOLUME 10

FINAL Bulletin Innovate 10 2017

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ADMINISTRATION

Dean Head, Centre for Automotive Research

Deputy Dean (Research & Innovation) Head, Sustainable Urban Transport

Head of Industry & Community Partnerships Editorial Board

Head, Department of Mechanical & The Research Bulletin is published once a

Prof. Dato’ Ir. Dr. Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Thank you and enjoy reading!

Prof. Dr. Mohd Zaidi Omar

CAISERTM (Computer Assisted Intelligent Event Processor) 6

Establishment of Tropical Climbers Shading Performance for Green 12

Heritage Refurbishment Assessment

Toward Malaysia Green IndustryToward

Role of RFID Technology as an Evolving

Unidirectional Kenaf Fiber Reinforced

Two Component Powder Injection Two Molding

PIV Measurements of Vortex Structure

Strengthening Behaviour of HighStrengthening

Analysis Of Corrosion Behavior Under

Fatigue Life Assessment of AlSi10Mg:

Peridynamic Model for Viscoelastic

Fabrication of a Cobalt-free Cathode

Identifying Local Setting throughIdentifying

Development of Strategies for Sustainable

A Method for Fabricating a Hot-wire

Investigating the Durability Performance

Adsorption-Fenton Oxidation Reactions

Pilot-scale Integrated Pre-treatment/Membrane

Eﬀective and Economic Disinfection

Palm Oil Mill Biogas Reactor Eﬄuent

Developing Skills Teachers Competency

Development of Framework for Development

Development and Eﬀectiveness Development

Low Temperature Catalytic Conversion

Biological Cell Model MembraneBiological

research awards 2016 89

performance of research project and publications 2015-2016 117

intellectual property 2016

Future Bioreﬁneries: Unlocking the Potential of Fine Chemicals and

the future Biorefineries with the following research objectives:

Figure 1. Bioreﬁnery concept

FINANCIAL & HUMAN RESOURCES

STRATEGIC SUB-PROGRAMME RESEARCH AREAS

PROJECT 1: BIOCHEMICAL PLATFORM FOR PRODUCTION OF BIO BASED FINE

PROJECT 2: THERMOCHEMICAL PLATFORM FOR PRODUCTION OF FINE CHEMICALS.

PROJECT 3: ADVANCED PURIFICATION METHODS FOR LIQUID-BASED FINE CHEMICALS.

PROJECT 4: ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR UPGRADING OF BIOGAS AND SYNGAS.

PROJECT 5: INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGIES AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

PROJECT 6: POLICY RESEARCH TO ENHANCE INNOVATION AND RISK MANAGEMENT

LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS

For further correspondence, kindly contact:

CAISER: Complex Event Processing Development

Figure 1. CAISER’s main platform topology

Smart CCTV Adapter – CA-In-

Figure 2. Examples of CAISERTM’s internal adapter

Figure 4. CAISERTM’s main runtime module

CAISER TM’S IMPACT, POTENTIAL AND RECOGNITION

In operation, 24 hours /day, 365 days/year since 2014.

(a) (b) (c)

For further correspondence kindly contact:

Prof Dr Aini Hussain

Establishment of Tropical Climbers Shading Performance

A n intervention in bringing vegetation into a manmade environment as a passive

A small-scale experiment was run to establish shading performance of selected tropical

(a) (b) (c) (d) (e)