LETTER SEEKING CONSENT TO VALIDATE RESEARCH TOOL

From,
Ms. Priyanka Verma
M.Sc. Nursing Student
Vivekananda College of Nursing
Lucknow (U.P.)
To,
Dr (Prof). T. Devi Priya
Professor & HOD – Community Health Nursing
Apollo College of Nursing,
Hyderabad, Telangana

Subject: Request for expert opinion and suggestions to establish content validity of the
research tool.
Respected Sir/Madam,
I Ms. Priyanka Verma, M.Sc. Nursing student of Vivekananda College of Nursing have
selected the following topic for my dissertation to be submitted to King George Medical
University, Lucknow (U.P.) in partial fulfilment for the requirement for award of Master of
Sciences in Nursing.
Topic: “Health Status of School Going Children: A Cross sectional study in rural area
of Lucknow.”
Here with I have enclosed
Objectives of the study, hypothesis of the study and Research methodology, Demographic
Performa, tool and Criteria checklist.
I humbly request you to go through the items and give your valuable suggestion and options
to develop the content validity of the tool; kindly suggest modifications, addition and
deletions, if any, in the remark column.

Thanking you in anticipation

Date:
Yours faithfully
 Ms. Priyanka Verma
Place: Lucknow

1. TITLE OF PROJECT
“Health Status of School Going Children: A Cross sectional study in rural area of
Lucknow.”

2. INVESTGATOR’S NAME AND AFFILIATION

Investigator
Priyanka Verma
M.Sc. (N) Student (Batch 2020-2022)
Vivekananda College of Nursing, Lucknow
Affiliated to King George’s Medical University.

Guide
Mr. Sathiyaseelan G.
Associate Professor
Community Health Nursing
Vivekananda College of Nursing, Lucknow
Affiliated to King George’s Medical University

3. COLLABORATION: Not Applicable

4. POTENTIAL FUNDING AGENCY: Self Financing

5. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Healthy children build a wealthy nation. Good health of children is of paramount importance
to the nation’s growth. Today’s children are tomorrow’s citizens. It is of most important to
ensure the good health of our children as the future of any country depends on the health
status of their citizens.
School age is a dynamic period where physical, mental and emotional growth of the child
occurs so that child can smoothly turn into an adult. It is also a critical period where child is
vulnerable to many communicable and non-communicable diseases due to variations in the
living conditions, immunity status, socioeconomic, and cultural factors.

Schools play a significant role in promoting the health and safety of students. Ideally, rural
schools will strive to provide a healthy physical environment for students to learn, provide
nutritious meals, and encourage physical activity

In school child is vulnerable to stress, tension and endangerment of group life because all
children are not the same and comes from different socioeconomic and cultural background
and with different immunity status.
 Child is quite vulnerable at this growing age and hence become easy victims of many non-
communicable diseases such as dental caries, anaemia, visual and hearing defects. The
objective of the study was to assess health status of school children in rural areas of Lucknow
.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Jain M, Kumar V, Garg K, Qureshi A A, Khichar R (2021) conducted a study on Health

status of school going children: A cross sectional study in urban area of Jhalawar District,
Rajasthan. 2381 samples were selected by purposive sampling technique. Study was carried
out among students from class 1st to 12th standard in government schools. The study results
showed that most common health problem was dental caries (15.0%) followed by refractive
errors (13.1%) and pallor (12.6%). Proportions of pallor and refractive error were
significantly increased with increase in age of study participants. 16.8% of the students were
found to be having thinness. Moderate stunting was present in 7.3% students.4
Singh J P, Singh A K (2017) conducted a school based cross sectional study on health status
of urban school children (7-18 Years). A total of 417 children from various schools aged
between 7 to 18 years residing in UHTC area were selected as samples. The results of the
study showed that the overall prevalence of underweight was 72.7% with BM<18.5. Girls
(79.2%) were more underweight as compared to Boys (70.4) followed by followed by worm
infestation 154(36.9%), upper respiratory tract infection 149(35.7%), anemia 112(26.8%) and
dental carries 103 (24.7%) found in most children. Under nutrition 84(79.2%), anemia
40(37.7%), dental carries 28(26.4%), ear discharge 10(9.4%) and hypertension 4(3.8%) were
more common in girls while worm infestations 116(37.3%), upper respiratory tract infection
112(36.0%), refractive errors 39(12.5%) & skin infection 16 (5.1%) were more observed in
boys.5

Asghar S A, Gupta P, Srivastava M R, Srivastava J P, Zaidi Z H (2017) conducted a

study on health status of primary school children: study from a rural health block of
Lucknow. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select primary schools from 1st to
5th standard. The sample size was 170. The results of the study showed that Dental caries
was the most common infirmity observed in 63 (37.05%) children with 95% CI (33.35-
40.75) and was statistically significant (p<0.05) with boys 29.27% and girls 44.31%.
Anaemia were found in 65 (38.23%), boys were 32.92% and girls 43.18%. Ear discharge was
seen in 17 (10%) children, boys were 6.10% and girls 13.63%. 6

AIM
The aim of the study is to assess health status of school children in rural areas of Lucknow.

OBJECTIVE

1. To assess the health and nutritional status of the school going children in rural area

2. To determine the association of health problems with their socio demographic variables.
 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

Health Status: In this study it refers to physical functions of school going children’s which
includes nutritional status, visual acuity, auditory function, and dental health.
School Going Children: in this study its refers to children who studding 1 to 10 standard.

HYPOTHESES
The following hypotheses will be tested at 0.05 level of significance.
H1: There will be significant association between health status of school going children with
their selected socio demographic variables.
STUDY DESIGHN AND METHODS:
Research Approach: Quantitative Research Approach.
Research Design: Descriptive Cross Sectional Research Design.
Research Setting: Selected school in Sarojininagar, Lucknow.
Population:School Going Children
Sample size: 130 school going children
Formula: -
Z2 × p(1-p)
e2
1+ Z2 × p(1-p)
e2× N
N=population size
Z= Set based value of confidence level
e= margin error
p= standard deviation
In this study, N = 170, Z=1.96(95% confidence level), e=0.05, p=0.5
So, according to formula sample size=118
Sample Technique: Non probability purposive sampling technique.
SAMPLING CRITERIA:
Inclusion criteria:

 All students present on the days of assessments from class 1 to 10 standard

Exclusion criteria:
 Students absent during all visits to schools for assessment.
 Students who are not willing to participate.

STATICALLY ANALYSIS

 Frequency and percentage was used to analyse the socio-demographic variable.

 The Chi square test will be planned to be computed in order to associate the health status of
school going children with their selected socio-demographic variables.
TIME-LIMIT:- Time limit for data collection is 6 weeks.

REFERENCES:

1. Park K. Park's Textbook of preventive and social medicine, 25 th edition, Jabalpur, Banarsidas
Bhanot Publishers; 2019. p.633.
2. Naseem A, Rao NG. Comprehensive study of health problems in school children of
Hyderabad, India. Int J ContempPediatr 2016;3:801-5.
3. Oyibo PG. Basic personal hygiene: Knowledge and Practices among school going children
aged 6-14 years in Abraka, Delta state, Nigeria. Continental J Tropical Medicine 2012; 6 (1):
5-11.
4. Jain M, Jain M, Kumar V, Garg K, Qureshi A, Khichar R. Health Status of School going
Children:A Cross sectional study in urban area of Jhalawar District, Rajasthan. Healthline.
2021; 12(1):15-21.
5. Singh JP, Singh AK. A Study on Health Status of Urban School Children (7-18 Years): A
School Based Cross Sectional Study. National Journal of Community Medicine. 2017;
8(8):442-446.
6. Asghar SA, Gupta P, Srivastava MR, Srivastava JP, Zaidi ZH.Health status of primary school
children: study from a rural health block of Lucknow. International Journal of Community
Medicine and Public Health. 2017;4:2498-501.
TOOL :( ANNEXURE )
SECLECTION OF TOOL

Instrument in a research study is the device used to measure the Health Status of School Going
Children: A Cross sectional study in urban area of Lucknow, in a research project that a
researcher uses to collect data. The research
approachadoptedinthestudyprovidedbasisfordatacollectionusingacheck list.

Tool consist of two sections

,
SECTION A- Socio Demographic Variables

SECTION B- Checklist to assess health status of school going children

Descriptionoftool:

Section A:SocioDemographicData:

This section consists of 5 items related to socio demographic variables such as age, gender,
religion, class, food habits.

Section B :Checklist to assess the health status of school going children

This section includes nutritional status, visual acuity, auditory function and dental health.
Section-A

SAMPLE NO.

SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

INSTRUCTION: Kindly give the answer of given questions and tick (✓) appropriate answer
the column provided against each item.

1. Age in year
a) 5-8 ( )
b) 9-12 ( )
c) 12-15 ( )
d) 15 ( )

2. Gender
a) Male ( )
b) Female ( )

3. Religion
a) Hindu ( )
b) Muslim ( )
c) Christen ( )
d) Any other ( )

4. Class
a) I-III ( )
b) IV-V ( )
c) VI-VIII ( )
d) IX-X ( )

5. Food Habits
a) Vegetarian ( )
b) Non- Vegetarian ( )
 SECTION B

Checklist to assess the health status of school going children

S.N NUTRITION VISION HEARING DENT DENTAL
O AL STATUS ACUITY FUNCTION AL HEALTH
BY BY HEAL BY
SNELLE WHISPER TH BY CALCULUS
N VOICE TEST DEBRI
CHART S

1 Underweight 6/60 Rt. side ear 0 0

Answer
correctly

2 Normal 6/36 Rt. side ear 1 1

Answer
incorrectly

3 Overweight 6/24 Lt. side ear 2 2

Answer
correctly

4 Obesity 6/18 Lt.side ear 3 3

Answer
Incorrectly

5 Classes 1 6/12

6 Classes 2 6/9

7 Classes 3 6/6
 BODY MASS INDEX

Taking weight measurements

To ensure take reliable measurements using body weight scales must:

1. Explain the procedure to the student/teacher take consent

2. Zero the scales before the student steps onto them.
3. Ask the student to remove any ‘heavy’ items from their pockets (key’s, wallets etc) and
remove any heavy items of clothing or apparel (big jackets, shoes, woollen , jerseys etc)
4. Ensure the student state and time of day for testing to ensure any subsequent tests can be
taken under identical conditions (check state of hydration, food consumed recently etc)
5. When measuring weight – ask student to look straight ahead and stay still on the scales. Wait
for the needle/digital screen to settle before  recording the measurement

Taking height measurements

 When taking measurements of height must:

 Ask student to remove their shoes prior to taking the measurement

 Ask student to stand with their back to the wall and look directly forward.  The back of their
feet, calves, bottom, upper back and the back of their head should all be in contact with the
wall.  Record the measurement.

 
Calculating BMI (body mass index)

A very common method of measuring bodyweight as a risk factor (cardiovascular disease,

diabetes etc) is BMI (Body Mass Index).  The calculation is based on comparing a person's
weight against their height. It applies equally to men and women.

The following table categorizes people according to their BMI results:

SOURCE: - World Health Organization

FOR BMI HEIGHT……………M

WEIGHT…………….KG

The equation for BMI is:

BMI =             Weight (kg)\ Height (M) 2

 VISION TEST BY THE USE OF SNELLEN CHART

 Explain the procedure to children/teacher, take consent.

 Place the Snellen chart in well lit spot at eye level.
 Position the student on a mark exactly 20 feet from chart.
 Hand of the student opaque card with which shielding the eye at a time during the test.
 Inadvertent peeking may result when shielding the eye with the student own fingers.
 If the student wears glasses or contact lenses, leaves them on.
 Remove only reading glasses because they will blur distance vision.
 Ask the students to read through the chart to the smallest line of letters possible.
 Encourage the student to try the next smallest line also.
 Record the result using the numeric fraction at the end of the last successful line read.
Indicate whether the student missed any letters or if corrective lenses.

VISION
BY
SNELLEN
CHART
6/60

6/36

6/24

6/18

6/12

6/9

6/6
 WHISPER VOICE TEST

1. Explain the procedure to the children /teacher and take consent.

2. Make the student to sit in a comfortable position.

3. The examiner stands at arm's length (~0.6 m) behind the student (to prevent lip reading)

4. The opposite auditory canal is occluded by the student or examiner and the tragus is rubbed
in a circular motion (goal; to block hearing from that ear)

5. The examiner exhales and whispers a combination of numbers and letters (example 4-K-
2). Whispering at the end of exhalation is to ensure as quiet and as standardized voice as
possible.

6. If the student responds correctly, hearing is considered normal and no further screening is
necessary on that ear.
7. If the student responds incorrectly, then repeat using a different number-letter combination.
8. If on repeated testing, the student can answer three out of a possible six numbers-letters
correctly, the respondent passes. If they cannot answer three out of six or more, the
patient fails in that ear.
9. Repeat the sequence in the opposite ear using different combinations of numbers and
letters.

HEARING BY WHISPER VOICE TEST REMARK

Rt. side Ear Answer correctly

Rt. side Ear Answer incorrectly

Lt. side Ear Answer correctly

Lt. side Ear Answer

Incorrectly

DENTAL HEALTH
 1. Explain the procedure to the children/teacher, take consent
2. Examine teeth, gums and mouth
3. Dental health status was assessed using the simplified oral hygiene which comprised
of two component- debris and calculus.
DEBRIS

Oral debris is defined as the soft foreign matter loosely attached to the teeth. It varies in
colour from greyish white to green or orange.

Debris index was scored as-

Code Description

0 No soft debris or stain

1 Less than 1/3 of surface covered

2 1/3 to 2/3 of surface covered

3 More than 2/3 of surface covered

CALCULUS

Oral calculus is defined as a deposit of inorganic salts composed primarily of calcium

carbonate and phosphate mixed with food debris, bacteria and desquamated epithelial cells.

Code Descrsiption

0 No calculus

1 Less than 1/3 of surface covered

2 1/3 to 2/3 of surface covered

3 More than 2/3 of surface covered

CONTENT VALIDITY CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the tool developed by Ms. Priyanka Verma, M.Sc. Nursing Its
year student of Vivekananda College of Nursing, Lucknow (Affiliated to King George
Medical University Lucknow U.P.), undertaking a research on. Topic- “Health Status
of School Going Children: A Cross sectional study in rural area of Lucknow.”has
been validated by the undersigned can proceed with this tool and conduct the main
study for research.

Place: Name:
Date: Designation:

Signature
CRITERION CHECKLIST FOR THE SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHICVARIABLE
VALIDATION

Respected Madam/Sir,
Kindly go through the tool on demographic baseline data and please tick [√] in the
column provided against each item in terms of relevance adequacy and accuracy of
each items. Kindly give your valuable comments and suggestions in the remarks
column.

PART I: DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

S.NO AGREE DISAGREE REMARKS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Part B - Suggestion:
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Full Name and Signature