e-ISSN: 2582-

5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and

Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:12/December-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com

DESIGNING A SUSTAINABLE AND EFFICIENT BUILDING SYSTEM

Simal Mohammed*1, Sholo Tep*2, Nabam Tapung*3 , Mohammed Aakif*4
*1,2,3,4
UG Students BE, Department Of Civil Engineering DSCE, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
(Ex- Professor, Department of ABC Engineering, Institute Name, City, state, Country)
ABSTRACT
Energy requirements in building sector are increasing with the population rise and higher thermal comfort
standards.The exceptional growth in the building sector, which increases primary energy consumption and, as a result,
the environment's emissions of greenhouse gases. India's construction sector compared to a global average growth rate
of 5%, and is one of the main economic activity, expanding on average at a 9.5% rate.Energy is used extensively
during the construction, use, and upkeep of buildings. In India, the building sector consumes between 30 and 40
percent of all primary energy and more than 30 percent of all electricity. Despite the impending increase, it is crucial
that the developments take place in a way that is environmentally friendly. Sustainable habitat are renowned for
producing better indoor environments, conserving energy, and safeguarding the environment. However, they cost
more to build than conventional structures. The approach for cost analysis of the lowest project costs for green
building developments is presented in this study. This study shows the comparison of energy and efficiencies of a
conventional residential building and a green building and the approach to construct one at a low cost.
Keywords: Green building, Cost analysis, Energy efficiency, Sustainable habitat.
I. INTRODUCTION
“A building's life cycle, from site selection to design, construction, operation, maintenance, repair, and deconstruction,
should be as resource- and environmentally-conscious as possible. This is known as green building or sustainable
building”. It is a design that places an emphasis on making the best use of resources possible and raising the
effectiveness of resource consumption.Currently, buildings use 40% or more of the energy consumed worldwide, and
this percentage is rising. In addition to energy use, structures.There is a need for sustainable buildings because they are
approximately half of all greenhouse gases, notably carbon dioxide.To encourage a healthy and unpolluted
environment within and around the structure, various factors, including energy use, water usage, indoor atmosphere,
occupants' lifestyle quality, and material selection, must be taken into account.The biggest myth is that people think
that having a lot of green plants, grass, and lawns makes a building green, which is untrue. Using elements and plants
is beneficial because those are used to provide insulation and significant pollutant absorption, but they are only one
aspect of a green construction.A green building is actually green because it has natural adaptations and uses the
renewable resources, reduces wastage, reduces consumption and which recycles materials and wherever possible it
regenerates energy to make the building more energy efficient and sustainable.

1.2 NEED FOR GREEN CONSTRUCTION

In India, one of the main economic sectors, the construction industry is increasing at an average rate of 9.5%
compared to the global average of 5%, according to a poll by the IGBC. Energy is used extensively during the
construction, use, and upkeep of buildings. In India, the building sector consumes between 30 and 40 percent of all
primary energy and more than 30 percent of all electricity. Despite the impending increase, it is crucial that the
developments take place in a way that is environmentally friendly. In this context, energy-efficient buildings, climate-
responsive structures, or green building designs have a significant impact on resource conservation, energy efficiency,
better waste management, water use efficiency, and emissions reductions.

1.3 IMPORTANCE AND CHALLENGES FACED BY GREEN BUILDING

Few advantages of green building are as follows:Reduced operating costs by increasing productivity and using less
energy water, Improved public and occupant health due to improved indoor air quality ,Reduced environmental
impacts by for example,reducing water runoff and the heating effect,Reduction of natural resource

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[1]
 e-ISSN: 2582-
5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and
Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:12/December-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
consumption ,Reduction of operating costs , Health, comfort and safety for all residents, Energy optimization and
reduction of energy consumption ,Increased productivity of the occupants, Better indoor air quality , Reducing the
carbon footprint ,Better ventilation and light in the dwellings.
Challenges faced are Initial construction cost is high,Consumers are skeptical about new building material,Lack of
information,Lack of govt incentives,Lack of interest and demand.

1.4 SOLUTIONS FOR CHALLENGES FACED BY GREEN CONSTRUCTION

Changing the traditional way of estimation and costing of a building. Usually building contractors and owners define
costing as the initial upfront cost which is a little high for green construction. There is need of changing the way of
costing to a life cycle costing approach which includes the operating costs and economic benefits of the building over
a period of time. Ending misconceptions about sustainable building materials. Sustainable materials are as good or
even better than traditional building materials in cases of building life, energy consumption, design flexibility even
though they can be a bit expensive initially they help to reduce the carbon footprint of the building.

II. LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Manoj Kumar Singh, Sadhan Mahapatra and Atreya Kumar Sudhir(2010) Measures taken worldwide to
reduce the energy consumption and carbon footprint of the buildings through green building approach are discussed.
The present state of the green building initiatives, green building rating and certification procedures in India are also
discussed.
2.2 Jarrett Okita, Cara Poor(PhD), Jessica M. Kleiss (PhD) and Ted Eckmann(PhD) (2018) Green roof provide
environmental benefits like reducing air temperatures in urban areas, absorbing carbon dioxide and other pollutants
and increasing roof longevity.Runoff from the green roofs had higher concentration of TP and PO and lower
concentration of zinc compared to the regular roof.
2.3 Mikkel Poulsen (2020) To create buildings that are as suitable to the current climate as they are to the climate of
the future and maintain an ability to resist the impacts of climate change. Further research shows focus on how to not
only make the buildings adaptive.This could enable new buildings to mitigate some of the climate change impacts,
which could help the building adjust to a new climate.
2.4 Braian A Rock (2020) Engineers, architects, design-build contractors, students, and other designers of green
buildings can benefit through knowing, in advance, how exterior surfaces’ orientations increase or decrease the total
annual solar energy arriving upon those surfaces.This presents simple tables that form a tool for making initial
decisions on surfaces’ directions and slope.The user can then study various effects further, such as local factors
including cloudiness and shading, with detailed software.
2.5 Lola Ben-Alon and Vivian Loftness (2020) The main barriers and gaps to implementing earthen construction are
analyzed through survey responses,and possible solutions to overcoming these barriers are presented in this paper. The
results show the relevance of environmental sustainability as motivators for implementing EBMM in modern
construction. These results are consistent with previously established findings in environmental psychology on the
relevance of environmental co-benefits.
2.6 J. Affolderbach, C. Schulz (2022) This chapter introduces work in transition studies and discusses the strengths
and limitations of the multi-level perspective in analysing shifts in green building as urban climate change mitigation
strategy. It develops a transition perspective for the green building sector that focuses on the urban in these transition
processes.
2.7 Hung Duy Nguyen and Laura Maacchion (2022) The main themes in GB risk studies can be classified as: i)
Identify and evaluate risks in implementing GB projects. ii) Create risk assessment models in GB projects. iii)
Study according to specific types of GB risks.
2.8 Anderson M. Lewis, Rodolfo Valdes-Vasquez, (Ph.D.) and Caroline Clevenger, (Ph.D.) (2019) Through this
study we determined the main barriers and benefits to leveraging BIM for energy simulation. Green design
stakeholders gave a mean score of 4.39 while those who only used energy simulation scored it 3. The comparison
suggests that BIM only users may have overly optimistic expectations of the capabilities of energy simulation.
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 e-ISSN: 2582-
5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and
Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:12/December-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
2.9 Giovanni Santi, Angelo Bertolazzi,Giorgio Croatto and Umberto Turrini (2019) When designing the drying ,
sprouting or uneven growth of the plant used should be considered. Vertical green systems help to regulate the
temperature of the building. The climate benefits of green vertical environmental systems applied to the building
envelope.
2.10 Yayun Shen, Michael Faure (2021) Green buildings play a role in helping countries meet their commitments
under the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. China is the leading country in Green Building construction as there is
large governmental involvement. The general lesson we can take from china is that we should show large benefit to
private parties because green building is not profitable to investors but very beneficial for society at large.
2.11 Laura B. Cole (2019) Green building is very prominent in architectural and engineering professions but scarce to
the general public. Basic Green building education can be started from kindergarten to XII standard. Building
occupants are not only passive dwellers but active individual part of green building’s performance and can advocate
for better building practices.
2.12 Wannawit Taemthong and Nattasit Chaisaard (2019) Green building requires greater investment than a
conventional building. There are different classification of green buildings including Certified, Silver, Gold, Platinum
depending on the cost and credit of the project. This system is called the LEED-NC rating system. Project owners can
adopt a minimum cost approach to attain different levels of LEED certification.
2.13 Wannawit Taemthong (2018) Grey water means relatively clean waste water from sink, baths etc. Grey water
treatment system includes sedimentary tank, 24 hours aeration tank and a sand and carbon filtering tank with final
sedimentation tank. This water can be used in flushing system for more efficiency in buildings. If find any faecal
bacteria, chlorine is used.
2.14 Heba Farouk Abdelkhalik and Hisham Hussein Azmy (2020) The application of the (GPRS) has been
neglected at the level of the public and private sectors since its launch. In Egypt, as a case study, there are limited
numbers of green buildings in the modern era which are certified by third-party or green rating systems.
2.15 Abu Yousuf Swapan, Joo Hwa Bay and Dora Marinova (2019) They are generally privately-owned but have
the high potential to act as a public space. Though the front yard is physically private, if visible from the street. Social
science studies commonly ignore the physical environment and only a few empirical investigations address the
stationary and social behaviour of people.

III. CONCLUSION
One of the main consumers of energy in the world today is the building sector. Constructors have had to compromise
on the environmentally friendly features of buildings due to population increase and housing demand. Climate change
and global warming challenges have now compelled decision-makers to adopt a new perspective on use of resources
and energy in contemporary constructions. The term "green building" has spread throughout the world to mean a
structure that is both environmentally friendly and long-lasting.. The majority of these green building grading systems,
meanwhile, fall short in addressing the problems specific to their respective socio-cultural and socio-economic
contexts.This study shows the importance of the green construction as it is the need of the hour .Based on the reviewed
literature, it can be concluded that green construction have a huge importance for reducing the carbon footprint as well
reducing the energy consumption of the building making it more efficient which also includes better benefits on cost
in the future.
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 e-ISSN: 2582-
5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and
Science
( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal )
Volume:04/Issue:12/December-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
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