Elementary GRAMMAR and Answer BookletAnswer 1. Modifiers 11, Adjective or Advert - Comparison Presentation Read the picture story. Answer the following questions 1. The princess felt unhappy because she dropped her {golden ball into the water. 2. The frog jumped into the water and came back with ‘the ball nd gave it to princess, 3, The king told his daughter to keep her promise, So she took the frog and put him on her bed. The frog wanted the princess to kiss him. She kissed the frog and he turned into handsome prince. Both fell in love and week ltr they mrt eachother ar ved hap ‘ever after Let's Exercise ‘A. Rewrite the snetences using the words given in the brackets as adjective or adverbs L. quickly 2. pretty 3. terribly 4. good 5. easily 6.ternble 7. well 8 careful 9. carefully — 10.loudly 8. Write down the con Jectve or adverb), The fistone has been 2, Suman i 8 cael git She climbed up the leer caret 3, The dog is angry. It barks angrily 4, He acted excellently He's an excellent actor. They lean English easily They think English s an aay anguage Mohan is a good singer. He sings well. ‘t's avefully cold today. The weather is awful. Dogs rely on their noses as they can smell extremely. wall thats true, why does dog food smell so terrible? 8, The litle boy looked sad. I went over to comfort him and he looked at me sadly 10. tasted the soup carefully but it tasted wonderful . Choose the correct word and rewrite the sentences, 1. He correctly defined the terms. The answer sounded correct 2, She isa quick leaner. She adapted quickly to any situation. 3, He measured the floor accurately. They proved to be exact measurements 4, Thesstillnass of the tomb was awful, The tomb was awfully stil Se exe ~ tv BD S. Itwas a dangerous lake to swim in. The man was dangerously stil 6, She performed magnificent. It was a magnificently beautiful performance. 7. Her voice sounds beautiful. She sang the song exactly as it was written, We found i to be perfect. 8 He was a very sensible person, He acted very sensibly 8, Raman wrote too slowly in the exam. He always. writes slowly. 10, peak softly or dort speak at all. The music played softy ‘LAnta nos the recip very wel She abays treats :12.You must send the payments regularly, We deat strictly on cash basis. 113.The mechanic's tools were good. The foreman said that his work was done well 1WShe cove the car carefully. She was avery careful 15.He did not pass the course as easily as he thought the would Underline the modifier in the following sentences and specify which word it modifies. The frst one has been done for you. 2. For years, we had a pet dog that filled our life with joy. (The word pet modifies and describes the dog.) 3, strong wind swept through the countryside. (Strong modifies the noun wind) 4. Dark clouds were gathering in the west (The clouds are described as dark) 5. We have to be quick or else the tickets will not be available. (Quick modifies we, and available modifies tickets) 6. The film was short but exciting, (Short and exciting modify the film) 7. He was nervous and shaking on the stage. (Nervous, are nine chat ahtiehr ea stage 8, This isthe best movie we have watched. (The jective best describes the movie as the best we have watched) ‘9. This is @ hard cushion. (Hard describes the cushion) 10 Pesticides are harmful to the environment. (Harmful ‘modifies pesticides, It tells about the harm pesticides can cause to the environment) Pick out the modifier and specify which word it modi- fies. The one has been done for you. 2. Taraly interrupt when other people are speaking (Rarely modifies interrupt which tells us how infrequently [interrupt others)3 She suddenly let the party. (Suddenly mocifies the verb left telling us in what manner the gi let the party) 4, He receives his copy of the magazine monthly (Monthly modifies receives, It tells us how often he receives his magazine) 5. My father often reads the newspaper in bed. (Often isan adverb and it modifies reads ard we know the reading is not done every right) 6. We finaly decided to stay where we were, (Finally modifies decided to show that at lst a decision was made) 7. Jack and Sil gegularly vst ther parents. (Regularly is the modifier of vst. The adverb regularly is used to show how often they visit their parents.) 8, There is someone standing outside the door. (Outside. modifies the verb standing, indicates where the someone standing.) 9, Hee quite sevious about resigning. (Quite isan adverb that modifies the adjective serious 10.Medicines should be kept auay from children (away modifies the verb kept) 1.2 Comparatives and Superlative Modifiers Presentation Read the picture story. A. Answer the folloning questions 1 In Rodriguez Brothers Circus, there is an elephant ‘alled Jacob and two ol lions, Hattie and Meg. ‘There is Leopold, the strongast man in the World, [Another performer is Clara who has the longest hair in the world, She also has a daughter named Sue- Ellen who works in the circus 2, The three clowns, Pit, Pot and Pat are known as the Fighlight of the circus. Many people think Pit, Pot and Pat are three brothers, but Pat is older than the other two - he's their father. He's the oldest clown in the country, but he has a lot of energy. 3, Tomorrow is considered as the longest day because the circus i leaving the town and everything must be packed away into big trucks 8. State whether the following statements are ture or false LTue 2.Fabe 3.Tue 4. Fale 5. False 6.Tue 7. Tue Let's Exercise |A. Pick out the most suitable option and revrite the sentences, 1. My auntis fat. (No comparison is made here, so a simple adjective fat is used) 2, The fiercer of the two women was Renu. (Two persons. are compared, so the comparative of fiercer is used) 3. Among the three stanges, the fat one is the funniest. (More than two persons are involved in ‘comparison, so the superlative funniest is used) am not a good chess player myself He thinks his brain is better than mine Of course, Suman is smart Sally isthe smartest student in the clas. Payal has got a better score in mathemetics this time. Sandeep has now run the farthest than all the participants. 10 Police are seeking further evidence before charging him, 8. Choose the correct comparative and superlative forms for the words given below. ‘Thankful:- more thankful / most thankful Loyal:- more loyal / most loyal Soft softer / softest Graceful more graceful mest graceful Simple simpler / simplest Careful more careful / most careful Happy happier / happiest Beautiful more beautiful / most beautiful 2. Non -Finites Presentation Read the picture story. ‘A. Answer the following questions. 1 Acrowsslipped and got trapped in the electric wires 2. Fifty crows cried loualy because another crow slipped and got trapped in electric wires, 3. Ayoung man from the crowd climbed the pole and ‘raed the crow. Thus young man saved crow's lif , Combine the following sentences using participles. The first one has been done for you. 1 saw a boat floating in the river. Having taken his bag he went to the school. Seeing a crocoxilein the river she got scared. Having taken a pen he started writing. Seeing two men fighting he jumped in to stop them. Having been tired she sat to take a break, Having worked hard Sonia passed the exam, Having satin his car he drove away.10.Seeing Aishwarya Rai I took her autograph. Lot's Exercise ‘A. Change Infnitives into Gerunds in the following sentences. 1. He likes studying at night Playing cricket is not easy. Gambling is a bad habit. She doesn't ike telling a ie Harshit loves dancing with friends. Doing exercise everyday is good for healt. ‘Waiting poems is my hobby. ‘They didr't like taking, I prefer taking coffee in the evening 10.She loves cooking food. 8. Remove the words given in italics and rewtite the sentences using infinitive. The fist one has been done for you, 2. She was amazed to see a lion at the 200, went to New York to see my uncle He is not 2 man to help you with money. Is it the time to move? ‘Are you the one to complete the task? Amit is the man to help you in this matter. am planning to give him a cift. Children were happy to see a clown, 10.10 is unsafe to ride a bike without helmet. CC. Rewtite the sentences by placing the infinitive in italics in the beginning of the sentences. The first one has been done for you 2, To meet the demand in one month is not easy ‘To take all the credit for this work is not good. ‘To reach therein six hours is impossible. ‘To pay so much for this was useless. ‘To be an entrepreneur is my aim, “To jump the red light is risky. ‘To stand for the truth is not easy. To leave the gas open is nat safe. 10.To get justice is your right. D. Combine the following sentences using participles. 1. Knowing the answer she raised her hand. 2. Having worked hard he won the competition. 3, Running fast john won the race. 4, Hearing the naws of her death I went to her house. Having dropped her at her home he went to his ‘own home, 6. Itbeing hot today he did not go out. 7. Having woken up I went to take bath, 8. Being tired we sat under a tree, ‘9, Having skipped the class we went to the canteen, 110 Seeing the thief the policeman ran after him. 3. Verbals 3.1 Gerund and Gerund Phrase Presentation Read the picture story Answer the following questions. 1. The two transferable skls that cooking teaches are patiance and all sound personality 2. Cooking can be used to make money in many diferent ‘ways. We can have bake sales and make money either for ourselves ofa charity We can creata homemade sweets and treats and get them dressed up in lovely food packaging then sll them at a market stl f we ‘want to take things to the next level, we could even use ‘our cooking skills to open up a cafe or restaurant. 3. Cooking is really 2 fun ihather you bake a cake, make a simple milkshake, or arrange a fruit salad, remember that you ae creating lasting memories, ll while inculeating healthy eating habits in your ferily Let's Exercise ‘A Identify gerund (gerund phrase) in each sentence ‘Then identify the gerund's function in the sentence as subject, direct object, subjective complement, object of preposition, or appositve. Wiite your answer in the box. 1. The gerund phrase is recounting the vote. It functions as an object of a preposition (against 2. The gerund phrase is swimming at the beach I functions asa subject 3. The gerund phrase is making reservations for guests staying at the hotel. I functions as 2 Subjective complement. 4. The gerund phrase is typing two hundred words per minute. It functions 3s an appositive. 5. The gerund getting up early on Saturdays. It functions as a direct object. 6. The gerund phase is saving the dog’ life. It functions as an object of a preposition (afte). 7. The gerund phrase is posing for the camera. It functions as a direct object. 8. The gerund phrase is dissecting animals. It functions as an object of a preposition (about). ‘9, The gerund phrase is the meeting of the student ‘council. It functions as an object of a preposition (to).10. The gerund phrase is p phones on campus. It functions as an appositive. 8. Write the correct gerund form of these verbs. (De not Use ‘to’ and do not capitalise the verbs.) 19 the use of cell L. painting 2, listening 3, playing 4, setting 5. emigrating 6. dancing 7. reading 8. laughing being ——10. eating 3.2 Participles and Participle Phrase Presentation Read the picture story. A. Answer the following questions. 1 The mother is anxious in her daughter's wedding because she thinks something will go wrong, 2, The mother gets worried thinking that the food will ¢get cold and the bartender will nt be able to find the venue, 3, Robin told her mother that her daughter loved her so much and wanted to be living close to her. 8. Tick right option 1. a. nervous 2. aperson who brings food 3. bexpert C. From the paragraph given below pick out the present participles and present participle phrases and write them under the correct colours. Present Participle-are talking, smiting, enjoying Present Participle Phrase are standing in the comer, is sitting inthe front row Let's Exercise A. Complete the following sentences using an appropriate participle, 1. His tattered coat needs mending A rolling stone gathers no moss. A lost opportunity never returns. He kept me waiting, She looked worried. I saw the storm approaching, Hearing a noise, I tumed around. Being dissatisfied, he quit his job. Being occupied with work, couldn't meet them, 10.Encouraged by his wife, he persevered. 8. Find the participial phrases in the following sentences. 11. Working in the lab, 2. projected on a wall Moving (only 2 participle here) sealed in cans Waiting for take off ‘Coming into the room searching for the code packaged (only participle here} ‘canned in tomato sauce 110.Relaxing on his back patio 3.3 Infinitive and Infinitive Phrase Presentation Read the picture story. A. Answer the following questions. 1. Reena wanted Rahul to quit eating fast food. 2, Reena followed Rahul because she startad to suspect that he had broken his promise to eat well 3. Rahul tried to push Reena away, but he accidentally hither in the face and she got angry. He didnt ‘mean to hither but she started screaming, They both got kicked out ofthe restaurant. 8. Fillin the blanks with sutable gerunds and infinitive ‘One month ago, my friend Virat decided to lose (lose) some weight. He stopped eating (at) chocolate ‘gave up drinking (Grnk) softrinks, and he refused {to eat (eat) anything containing high fat content. Tis ‘was difficult for him because he enjoyed eating (ea) chocolate and he preferred drinking (rin) softérinks to fruit juice. Luckily, his friend agreed to help (help) him. she promised to make (make) him a lot of healthy food, and she did, But after two months, he only managed to lose (lose) 3 pounds. Now, his friend has suggested to join (join) a gym. Virat hates exercising (exerese), but he wl try it Lets Exercise ‘A. Underline the infinitive phrase in the following sen- tences 4. Tee objective in my decision is hard. 2. Does Rakesh have enough change to make a phone al? ‘Always try to proofread your paper before you tum itin 4. Jyoti s able to swim six lengths of the pool. 5. The twins came to play with my younger basher 6. Would you like to wam me if anyone comes? i 8 {was happy to give you a ide home. ‘Tomove to a larger house would be unwise for us now. 9. Pradeep was frightened to be alone in the old house, 110. Meghna is trying to practice the piano an hour a day.‘ULTe bea doctors Anu's ambition, 12 Twin the presidency is Alok Sharma's ambition. 413.Did you have time to feed the kitten? 114.Mrs. and Mr. Malhotra plan to go to Mumbai this. 415.The mayor decided to calla press conference 16. Deepak always tris to do his best 117. Sarika tried to paint the ceiling of her room, 18. The lectuter was asked to speak for half an hour 19,0ur plan isto go to Chandigath in October. 20. 1a olay tennis every day is Manish's plan for the Underline the infinitive phrase in each sentence. Identi fy each as adverbial, adjectival, or nominal 1. The infinitive phrase isto call (adjectival) 2. The infinitive phrase is to express his love. (adverbial) 3. The infinitive phrase is to find more deductions for his tax return. (nominal «direct object) 4, The infinitive phrase is to patch the hole in the tire (edverbial) 5. The infinitive phrase is to read and write English in America. (nominal - direct abject) 6. The infinitive phrase is to do everything perfectly. (adjectival 7. The infinitive phrase is to pay that much money for a television. (nominal - subject) 8. The infinitive phrase is to lose some weight before the wedding, (adverbial) 9, The infinitive phrase is to succeed at his ob, (nominal - subjective complement) 10, The infinitive phrase is To attempt an explanation for this phenomenon. (nominal subject) Write the infnitives and its functions in the sentences given below. The first one has been done for you. 2. To refuse- subject 3. to sing- direct object 4, to win- adverb 5. to help: adjective 6. to play- direct object 7. To laugh -subject 8, to dry-subject complement 4, Determiners 4.1 Determiners Review Let's Exercise Fil in the following blanks with the suitable determiners. A. Misers are generally characterised as men without honour or without humanity, who live only to ‘accumulate, and to this passion sacrifice every other happiness, They have been described as mad men who in the midst of abundance, banish every pleasure. from imaginary wants real necessities. But few, very few, comespond to the exaggerated pictures; pethaps there is net one in whom all these ‘dircumstances are found united, Instead of this we find the sober and the industrious branded by the vain ‘and the idle with the odious appellation; men who buy frugality and labour, raise themselves above their ‘equals, and contribute their share of industry to the ‘common stock 8. Discontentment is the root cause ofall unhappiness. ‘Contentment is blissful whereas discontentment is a curse, The more discontented we are, the more Unhappy we are, We may have large amounts of ‘money in the bank, we may own vast farms or palaces ‘or factories, we may be monopolists with beautiful ‘sources of income, we will never be happy if we are discontented. A discontented man is always a slave to his desires, He acts as his own enemy, He does not ‘are for his position or prestige. He does not care for his mental or physical health. He only wants the satisfaction of his desires. He can act as his own friend if he acquires contentment, but he does not do so. It isin his gum hands to be free or to be a slave, If he ‘controls his desires he becomes free, i he is controlled by his desires, he becomes a slave, . Books are a delightful company. Ifyou go into a room filled with books even without taking them down from the shelves, they seem to speak to you seem to welcome you. seem to tell you that they have something inside their covers that will be good for ‘you and that they are willing to impart it to you. Value ‘them and endeavour to use them well. As to the books hich you should read there is hardly anything definite ‘hat can be said, . The spirit of sportsmanship is what we lack today ‘The sports tell us that we should react to defeat or disappointment with a smile. We should not go about insisting on our success in whatever we attempt. Itis not possible for every man to succeed in every desire uthich he has. There may be ambition of groups, there ‘may be ambitions of individuals which they set before themselves and they must try if they are disappointed inthe carrying out of their ambitions to take thatdisappointment and that defeat with a smile to learn from it What will happen if every individual inthe street wishes to go his awn particular way without observing the rules of traffic there will be clashes, there will be accidents. What happers on the streets vill also happen in the political and public sphere of the country. , Many men and women are so money-minded that they don't undertake any serious work that does not pay. They believe that itis foolish to exert themselves for such study and brain work as cannot be converted into cash. Hard work only for money and then plenty ‘of play and pleasure: this seems to be thei rule of life. Thay value intellact only asthe key to material prospenty and regard personal mental development as ' foolish fad, This miserable materialistic psychology is a. pre-determiner 2, second central determiner 3.mine « post-determiner the ‘d. nota determiner G. Put the words in the correct order. 1 He failed the first three attempts. 2, Their contributions made a quite difference. 3. Both our sons study chemical engineering 4. We admire his several achievementsStudent: Kindly, forgive me this time, Lwould not be 5. Modals late in future, May Ttake my seat now? 5.1 Modals Review Teacher: You may. eee Student Madam, ould you please cheek my home A. Complete B's sentences using can/could/might/ ee ‘must/ should/would + the verb in brackets, In some sentences you need to use have/must have/should have, et. In some sentences you might have to use the negatives (can't/couldn't, etc) The first one has been done for you 2, must have gone ‘could rain / might rain might have gone / could have gone couldn't go) ‘couldn't have seen / can't have seen should get ‘wouldn't recognise / might not recognise must have heard 10 should have turned \Weite ‘will, would; ‘shall’ or ‘shoula’ in the blanks. 1. We will certainly have time for lunch. Where shall we go? 2. "You shall suffer for this” he swore. I shall see to it that you do!" teaching a lesson. Complete the following with suitable modals (2) Milk isa complete food in itself Children should drink it regularly otherwise they may suffer from ‘malnutrition. Elders should also take it but those ‘tho cannot afford it may take pulses fruits and vegetables as an altemative, 2) The Government must not run away from its responsibilty of providing protection to the people. What should the Government do? The Government should tackle the problem of terrorism with an iron hand. The police must be equipped with the latest weapons and techniques. Even the laws should be amended to deal with the terrorists. Once they are caught, they should not be freed. (2) You should reach school atthe right time. You will be punished if you come late. You should visit your school library regularly. You can take any books you like. But spoiling the book must be avoided at any cost. You shouldn't tear or spoil the pages of the books. You should also respect your teachers. 5.2 More about Modals Let's Exercise A. Choose the correct model verb. 3. He said that it would be all ight for you to enter, but [think you should wait untilhe gets here. 4, Will/Would you not reconsider your decision? You will regret tif you do not 5. Ishall do whatever pleases me. No one will tell me what to do! 6, Ifanything should go wrong while Tam away, you ‘would let me know, wouldn't you? 7. Will you please lower your voices? You will wake up the baby if you do not, {8 [shall not stop her from leaving, She will go if she. wants to. 9, If my fiends should come while lam having my bath, would/will you invite them in? 10.The angry man insisted that I should pay for the ‘damages. He said that i did not, he would have to lodge a report against me. A) Complete the following with suitable modals. Student: Madam, may {come in? Teacher: Where were you? You should be in the class at the right time. Student: Sorry madam, I could not catch the bus on time, Teacher: You should leave early 1. He must come to me this evening. He ought to come to me this evening This program must have succeeded You must not talk loudly. He ought not to talk loudly He ought to have reached well in time. ‘She ought to have done it eartir. He must not fight with his neighbour Choose the correct model vet, Ineed a good friend am in need of a bigger house. She doesn't need my help, Ram need not go there. She hardly needs help from anybody. Need he meet you? Does she need to come there? You need not quarrel over such a petty matter. You need not have sold your carC. Choose the correct modal verb. 1. He dares me to compete with him. I dare you to compete with me, She dare not accept my challenge. He dare not to speak before me I dlare not disobey him. She dare not challenge me, I dare not act against your wil How dare you neglect me! D. Choose the correct modal verb, We used to go there together 2, Lused to go in crowded bus, 3. She used not to weer cheap material, 4, Lam used to an easy going life. 5, Tam not used to drive his car 6. Conditionals Let's Exercise {A Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in the brackets, Forrn frst conditional sentences. Only use will future in the main clauses. The fist one has been done for you. 2, Ifthe sun shines, we will walk to the town, Ihe has high temperature, he will see the doctor, If my friends come, Iwill be very happy. Ifshe earns a lot of money, she will fly to New York {If we travel to London, we will visi IF you wear sandals in the mountains, you will lip, ‘on the rocks 8, IF Rita forgets her homework, the teacher will give her a low mark 9, If they go to the party, they will listen to loud music 10. IF you wait 2 minute, I will ask my parents. B. Use the verbs given in brackets. To form a Second Conditional Sentences, The first one has been done for you 1. IFTcame home earlier, would prepare dinner. 2. Ifwe lived in Rome, Francesco would visit us. 3, If Jeet and Meet were older they would playin our hockey team, 4, If he was my friend, would invite him to my birthday party. 5. If'Suman studied harder, she would be better at ‘school 6, If they had enough money, they would buy @ new car. 7. Ifyou did a paper ‘extra money, the museums, und, you would earn a litle 8. IF Mayank got more pocket money, he would ask Dipa out for dinner. 9, Ifwe won the lottery, we would fly to London, 10.1F Tmet Brad Pitt, Iwould ask for his autograph, Put the verbs inthe blanks to form third Conditional Sentences. The one has been done for you 2. Tf we had gone to a good restaurant, we would have had a better dinner. 3. IfJohn had leamed more words, he would have written a good report 4. Ifthe boys had taken the bus to school, they would hhave arrived on time. 5. If the teacher had explained the homework, 1 would have done it. 6. If they had waited for another 10 minutes, they would have seen the pop star 7. Ifthe police had come earlier, they would have arrested the burglar. 8, Ifyou had bought fresh green vegetable, your salad would have tasted better. 8. IFAlok had asked me, | would have emailed the documents, 10. Fhe had spoken more slowly, Payal would have ‘understood him. Put inthe correct phrases and form a conditional sentence (type I 11). according to the underlined verbs. The fist one has been done for you. 2, Lata would find the milk if she looked in the fridge. 3, The zookeeper would have punished her with @ fine i she had fed the animals. 4. Ifyou spake louder, your classmates would understand you 5. Danish would arrive safe if he drove slowly. 6. You would have had no trouble at school if you had done your homework. 7. Ifyou swim in this ake, youlLcatch a cold 8 The door will unlock if you press the green button, 9. If Meena had asked her teacher heid have. answered her questions. 10. would call the office if Lwas/were you. Form negative conditional sentences. First Conditionab. The one has been done for you. 2. Ifshe does not read the novel, she will not pass the literature test 3, If do not argue with my father, he will lend me his motorbike. 4. we take the bus, we will not arrive in time. 5. IF Dilip does not buy the book, his friends will be angry with hin BS «6, IF Tarun does not tidy up his room, Vinita will not help him with the muffins. 7. If they do not play football, Sahil wll not come to the football pitch, 8, IF you eat too much junk food, you will not lose ‘weight. 9, IF do not make breakfast tomorrow morning, my parents will be angry with me. 10. they do not hurry, they will not catch the train, Put the verbs in brackets in the blanks. Form 2 Conditional sentence - type I. Mind the negations in the sentences. The first one has been done for you. 2. If they did not wear pullovers in the mountains, they will get sick 3. Even if Tony knew her phone number, he would not give it to Firoz, 4, If we did not visit this museum, we would not ‘write a good report. 5. IFitwas not so late, we would play a game of chess 6. IF Amit did not like Sumit, he would not buy him an ice-cream, 7. IF Lwere you, I would not go to Sumit’ party. 8, If you dropped this bottle, it would not break, 9. IF she did not bully her classmates, she would have more fiends, 110.1F he did not print the document, I would not correct it. 7. Sentences 7.1 Transformation of Sentences Lot's Exercise A. Transform the following sentences as directed 1. No sooner was he presented with a trophy than he started erying, 2, No sooner did the sun rise than they eft for the journey. 3. Not only Radha but also Sita is intelligent. 4, He nat only ate an apple but also drank a glass of rik 5, He not only grew silent but also seemed to be pondering on the situation Transform the following sentence removing ‘too! 1. Om was getting £0 old that he could not write to her She was so happy that she did not care, Raw mango is very sour. The saree isso long that it can easily fit anyone. ‘The teacher was both knowedgeable and interesting, . Change the interrogative sentence to assertive and 1. Tdont know how she hide from Ritika, 2. Twonderif he would answer me. 3, Haven't many of these millions succeeded? 4, Didn't she go to the kitchen? 5. Aren't Maggu's achievements particularly noteworthy? D. Change the exclamatory sentence to assertive and 1. Hew afraid some are to make friends! 2, How pleased he was with the results! 3. Itis a wonderful piece of art 4, I wish Lwere young again, 5. You have really grown tal E. Change the Imperative sentence to Assertive and vice 1. You should not /There is no need to lose your calm if your friends’ opinions differ from yours. 2. You should tell your friends what you like about them 3. You should never put money and important documents in your checked in luggage. 4, Twish / hope the star never sets You should let your friend themselves. F. Doas directed. 1. Hit the rock hard to break it. 2. No other king is as famous as Arthur 3, Lam not as great as my brother. 4, Everybody was absent from the meeting, 5, The news is so good that it cannot be true. 6 2, 8 9 He is not stronger than me, Can he do this work? ‘The night is very beautiful Very few cities in India are as rich as Mumbai 10.This coffee is so cold that l cannot take it. She runs very fast. :12.Man is not immortal 7.2 Subject -Verb Agreement Presentation Read the picture story. A. Answer the felloving questions. 1, The Academy Award, is an honour given to actors for excellence in their field,2, The jury of the Academy Awards decides the criteria of the award 3, Awards are sponsored by different brands and companies, B. Underline the correct verb in each of the sentences below, L visit are Bneed 4is S.were 6.come 7.delivers &.works 9.are 10. were Let's Exercise ‘A. Underine the subject (or compound subject) and then tick the verb that agrees with it The first one has been done for you. 2. Your friendship over the years and your support (has/have) meant a great deal to us. 3, Hamilton Family Center 2 shelter for teenage runaways in San Francisco, (offers/otfer) a wide variety of services. 4, The main source of income for Tincad (is/are) oil and pitch 5. The danas of your bing promoted (v/a) excellent 6. There (was/were) a Pokémon card stuck to the refrigerator, 7. Neither the professor nor hs assistants was/were) able to solve the mystery ofthe eerie glow in the laboratory 8. Many hours at the driving range (has/have) led us to design golf balls with GPS locators in them. 9, Discovered in the soil of our city garden (was/were) ‘a button dating back to the Civil War. 10.Every year, during the midsummer festival, the ‘smoke from village bonfires (ills/il the sky. UL The story lattrs (as/were) surrounded by children ‘and adults eager to see magical tales, 8. Edit the following sentences to eliminate problems with subjectverb agreement and write the edited sentence Ifa sentence is correc, write ‘comect” 1. One of the main reasons for elephant poaching is. the profits received from selling the ivory tusks 2. Batik cloth from Bali blue and white ceramics from ‘Cambodia, and a bocce ball from Turin have made Hema’s room the tak ofthe dorm, 3. The board of directors ignoring the wishes of the neighbourhood have voted to allow further development. 4, CORRECT 5. The presence of certain bacteria in our bodies is one (of the factors that determine our overall health, 6. CORRECT 7. Neither the explorer nor his companions were ever, seen again, . Underline the subject and correct verb for it in the following sentences. 1. Somebody, steals 2. Both argue 3. Pizza, has 4, answers, were 5. assignment, is 6. ice, melts 7. employers, has 8, Asmall group, hopes . Underline the subjects of the sentence and the correct vetbs for iin the following sentences. Professors. is, letter of complaint, has ber brother or her parents have wos, my abandoned cart all of us do ‘My mother and my best fiend, have Somebody, leaves their every car and tuck, fines 8, Prepositions 82 Exercises ‘A fllin the blanks with suitable prepositions. Lto 2on 3by with 5.to 6. for Z.without 8. in &.ta_—_-10. behind LLwith 12.by 12.above 14.after 15. of 16.from 17.of 18 for 19.for 20. with 8B. Complete the following conversations with suitable prepositions A. Did you say you were lacking for a baby-sitter? B._ Yes, Im just looking at these advertisements. I's so difficult 1 get anyone to look after young children. ‘A. Lexpect it’s expensive too, isntit? B. Idon't knove I'll have to look inta the money side of it. A. What's the job you've applied for? B. Its with a travel company. But the advert says that you need some experience of working in the ‘tourism industry. haven't got that. And I don't think my knowledge of foreign languages will be ‘good enough I'm having no success at all in my attempts to get a job. ‘A. What about your interest in computers? And your skill at typing? That's the sort of thing employers are looking for. 8, What kil? can only type with two fingers.Puneet: I'm supposed to finish my project this week aren't? Teacher : Yes, you should give it to me by the end of the week. Id like to have it by Friday, ideally. Puneet: I'm afraid that's going to be difficult. 7m {going on a three-day study trip tomorrow. TW be away till Thursday, I think the project {is going to take me until the middle of next week. [can't finish it by the end of this week. Teacher : Well let me have it by Wednesday of next week Two business people are arranging 2 meeting. ‘A. Im free on the 15” of March. Can we meet then? 8. Thats Friday, isn’t it? No, Im afraid [cant see you ‘9n Friday, Il be in Delhi ‘A. Il like to have a meeting this month I shall be very busy in April 8. Thave an extra couple of days’ holiday because of Easter, so perhaps the week after. Shall we mect on the 27°? That's a Wednesday. A. Well Ive got an appointment in the morning but nothing in the aftemoon. How about on Wednesday afternoon at about half past two? B. Yes, thatll be fine Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions. 1. Were you quarreling with Monu just now? I heard you shouting at him 2. Hurry up! It's already @ quarter to six. We're supposed to be there by six 3, She fell from her bicycle as she was cycling up the hill @ her house at the top. 4, The thet jumped thraugh the window and ran ‘down the garden path tothe gate. 5. There was a lovely dress on sale atthe shop near the supermarket. She was tempted to buy't, but che Gicn’t have enough money ith her af that moment. 6. Wesaw a cat on top of the cupboard. Itwas afraid to come dovin, so I stood gn a chair, caught hold of it and brought it down, 7. Within a few minutes, he was back with the torch and the rope. We peered into the pit with the help of the torch, 8. He dived into the pond and swam towards the little girl. Catching hold of the girl's, he started to ‘swim fo the bank. 9, He spoke to me fo ust afew minutes. He said that he was ina hurry since he hed an appointment swith an old friend in half an hours time. a - 10, 1 was listening to the news on the radio when the lights went out suddenly, jumped out of my chair wan [felt something brush against me. as so Startled that Tsereamed with fight {UL you come across Bhuvan gn your way 10 town, will you please tell him that | shall be wating for him on Monday to discuss something with him? Tell him that it sof great importance. 12, Our car broke down while we were passing through the village. The three of us managed to push the car ta the nearest garage for repairs. We ‘continued the journey on foot and reached our place at midnight. Fil in the blanks with suitable prepositions. 1. He started work at sit in the morring and continued right up to five in the evening. 2. Those who were against/ar the motion gathered in the room to talk about the topic. They talked at ‘great length but amved at no conclusion 3. There'a'NO ENTRANCE’ sign pinned on the door. IF yOu 99 in thout permission, youl gt int trouble 4. He has just written 3 book about the growing ‘of plants in tho tropic. He dravs most of fis information from relsble sources. 5. That man who was walking unsteadily the road was under the influence of alcohol. The clildren who were playing by the roadside ran their mothers atthe sight af him 6. The boys were notin favour af going to india Gate but as we insisted on going, they hae to ave into cour suggestion 7. He was born ta good family in that town but now he has degenerated into litle more than an animal He is adhered to gambing and drinking 8. his illness isa mere pretext for his continued absence. He loathes going to school and seizes on any chance to play truant His bag resus ae not to be wondered at 9. Children below siteen years of age are bared from seeing this fm. 10. Waters lesking from a hole in the root Ihave put a container directly under/below the hole for the time being. Youll have ta see to it ter. 1. The stranger asked ofthe housing agent about the price of the house at the comer of the road. 12, That man isan authority on ancient customs I you have any query about them, you can always go a him for clarification. 13. He has little confidence in himself. He despairs of success even ashe tries fis hand ata project.14, The area behind our house is infested with mosquitoes. We must get rid ofall their breeding places before the situation gets worse 4S. His friends felt sorry for him at his bereavement. must have been a great shock for him for he seemed oblivious ta anyone or anything for weeks. 16.1 don’t agree with you on that matter In my opinion, there are more advantages to be gained {fram compulsory education 17. He isto sail an a ship bound far New Zealand ‘an the second ofthis month. He has made arrangements far everything and has nothing to worry about now 418, The scouts went fram house te house to collect rmongy fora projact that thay intend to work on. later in the year They were happy te get the co- ‘operation from the local residents 49, Th litle boy ran across the road without troubling to look out for on-coming traffic. His mother watched him from the house and felt at ease only when he was saely on the other sie 20. We traveled from Mumbai to Agra by tain and arrived at our destination in the evening, We stayed the night there at friend's house, 9. Conjunctions 9.2 Exercises A Fill in the blanks with the conjunctions given below, c Use each conjunction only once. 1. because 2. When 3. Since 4, for Sas 6. While Fill in the blanks with the conjunction given below, Use each conjunction only once. 1. Unless. 2.as aresult 4, consequently 5. therefore 3.in my opinion 6.To conclude Fill in the blanks with suitable conjunction Lo 2.unless 3.if 4, nor 5. but 6 since 7. orelse 8. because 9.50 10. and Join each pair of sentences into one by using a suitable conjunction, 1. We will go for an outing if weather is fine. 2. Wehad better gat ready now, otherwise we may not have time to reach the airport. 3, The meeting had to be called off as there was not enough time. 4, Mr Singh has been sick since coming back from 8 10 Fill 1 4 7 10. B Fill L Do not start the rehearsal until the chairman has artved ‘The debating teams were very happy as both were declared joint champions. The players gave ther best yet they stil did not win the match. We ate proud to be Malaysians, so we must fy the Jalur Gemilang on National Day. Neither the boys nor the girls were happy with their results Let us be more serous in our revision, or else we may not perform as much as we want in the blanks with suitable conjunctions. since 2.although 3.as sothat —S.and 6.50 as S.Even though 9. but either or 11 because 12. nor but 14. Although, as 15. but, so in the blanks with suitable conjunctions, He was old and weak yet there was no one to look after him, ‘My mother not only gave me a birthday preset, bout also some money so that I could buy myself 2 nen dress, His father beat him, but he neither cried nor ltered a sound as/for/because he vias used to frequent beatings. ‘Since/As/Because we found that we were late, we {ook 2 taxi so that we might reach the cinema on ime, That old man had expected free treatment ass. since/because he was poor and, he was shocked ‘when he was given a bill for thirty thousands. He ‘was so upset that he really cried. You'd better work hard or else you'l fil, ut do not study 59 hard that your health suffers. You should ‘work and play according to a planned routine. Mona, as ws a her sister: isin the choir They can sing nat anlyn English and French but alsa in Chinese and lapanese You can either ride the motorcycle or drive the car However you'd better take the motorcycle as/for/ since part of the road is blocked He wanted to do odd jobs in order to save ‘some money but no one was willing to employ him because/as/for they thought that he was dishonest. BS «10, Since/As/Because you were too lazy to bring your Covin umbrella, have a mind to let you walk home in the rain, Nevertheless this time you may share my umbrella but don't let there be a next time. 11 Although/Though the escaped convict and his accomplice darted into @ house to excape the police the effort was wasted. The police and their dogs surrounded the house; however, the men refused to come out. 12, The boy scouts did odd jobs that they may raise funds for Charity Week, The public was responsive and helped them a lot; as a result the scouts raised 2 lat of money 13. Both my cousin and his friend cannot come early as/for/hecause they are busy doing their work, but they promise to come as soon as they can 14, Our feast included food and crinks. There was @ large quantity of each, nevarthalass we managed to finish them. 415, The teacher had punished ther inorder that they right learn to do their work prope they sill produced the same careless work 16, The girs practised hard, yet they did not win the match; nevertheless we cheered them as/for/ ‘because they showed a fine spirit of sportsmanship, 117. She did her work carelessly, as.a result she had to stay behind and rewrite it 418, My mother and my father visited my uncle and aunt in Chandigarh, My parents traveled by a as/ for/because they wanted to arrive early but instead they were afew hours late 19, The prefect tld that boy and his rowey friends sither follow the rules or be sent to detention, 20, The gil is young andl prety but she is bling so she earns a lving by weaving baskets and sewing dresses. Both her baskets and her dresses are sold inn many shops. 10. Verb Forms 10.2 Exercises A. The following sentence have incorrect verbs forms write the incorrect and correct words in the cours. Incorrect Word Correct Word 1. did could 2. was had 3, attending attend 4. will is 5. deposit deposited 6. search searching 7. was id 8 do does 9. was had 10.going 0 Edit the following sentences and write incorrect and correct words in the colours. Incorrect Word Correct Word L don't doesn't 2. took take 3. bought buy 4. has have 5. lose lost 6. water watering 7. advise advising 8. plucked pluck 9. scolded scold ohas have Correct the following sentences 1. He had been gossiping with his friends for half an hour have taken my lunch. When will you come? Does he play with you? My mother cooks tasty food. We did not think about it How much money was he withdrawing? They will be going, 8, She does not scold children. 110.Am I making a noise? In the following sentence point out the incorrect use of Incorrect Word Correct Word 1. blow blew 2. met meet 3. appointed appoint 4, learning learnt 5. were bad 6. you have have you 7. you doing you been deing 8. for since 9. did do 1.since for Selact the correct option from the brackets, 1. She had lived so long in Canada no one ever thought she would leave. 2. The curry tastes too salty. 3. Lam looking after his cats until he returns from abroad,4, Ifyou worked alittle more consistently you would be the best student in the clas. 5. She looks like her mother. 6, hate people who are dishonest. 7. My wife goes swimming on Tuesdays and Thursdays. 8. We are going to the restaurant to celebrate Tanya's birthday. 9, [felt certain he would manage to find our house. 110.The government has recantly decided to provide all households with rubbish bins, LL They have a very nice house in New Delhi 12.[understand you have a serious problem. Can 1 help in any way? 43.it you hand in your assignment late Iwill deduct ‘some marks. 14, They bought a new bungalow three years ago. 15.Punjabis eat a lot of spicy food. 11. Voice 11.2 Exercises ‘A Fill in the blanks using the most suitable passive from of the verbs given in the brackets. The first one has been done for you 2. cant be explained was cancelled has been repaired is being restored is believed ‘would be sacked ‘might have been thrown was taught 10. being arrested LLL Have you ever been arrested 112. are teported ... have been injured Change the following sentences into Active Voice, The first has been done for you. 2, She is eating an orange. They did the work. He has stolen the money. We shall do it. She gave them some food. wrote him a letter Thay laughed at us. ‘She was singing @ song. 10.1 have told the story. C. Complete the definitions. Putin an active or passive participle of these verbs 1. Gicket isa game played in English-speaking countries. A wis watch i a watch worn on your ist. A lntecomeris person aniving at. An instruction sa statement teling you what 0 do {A spectators someone watching 8 game ora ply. ‘An extension is anew part added to a building ‘an obstacle i something lacking your way. Contraband is something smuggled ito a county. ‘competitor is someone taking part in 2 competition 10-Your property is everything auned by you Reve these sentences in passive voice. My old books have been sod My ruler has been broken, Books canbe borrowed from tis brary Books are sold here. Tas told to come early. That incident will be forgotten soon, More buses wl be provided ‘ou will be hated That house has been bought 10.The supermarket was opened list week Ghange the Voices inthe following sentence. The fist one as been done for you 2. Can the door be broken by you? Will a song be sung by her? Is English being spoken by brn? Isa banana beng eaten by you? Why isthe car being washed by you? When will the money be given by him? Where will you be met by him? How is a cake made by you? 10.To whom was the story tod by you? Change the following sentences into passive voice. The fist one has been doen for you 2. Research i being conducted into the private life of that great sculptor 3. He is considered to be te chest man in the country. 4. These hers ae said to be good for heumatism. 5. Sheis thought tobe the most understanding and pation eacher inthe school 6, Thase problems shall have to be dealt with one at a time.7. The old notice was taken down and another one ‘was put up in its place. 8, Suresh was ordered out ofthe classroom because he was making too much noise, 9, Its understood that his invention is of the greatest Importance and secrecy. 10. The lights were left on in case they decided to ‘come back that night. Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice, Mention the agent only when necessary. The first one has been done for you. 12. The dog was run over by a lomy. 3. The lights were switched off. 4, The book will be written by the author at the end of the year. 5, Was @ solution to the problem found? 6, The informer was given a reward fifty rupees thousand by the police, 7. The chair has been made very well by the blind man, 8, The window was closed by an unseen hand, 8 This lovely piece of music was composed by A. R Rehman, 110, What has been done about this? LL. was told the news this morning by 2 good friend. 112. Many outstanding poems were written by William Bloke, 13, Weren't you told to be here by three cidlock? 14. tree vias knocked dow by lightning last night. 15.1 am told that your pen was stolen, 12. Narration 12.2 Exercises A. Write the following sentences in indirect speach, The first one has been done for you. 12, The teacher told us that the freezing point of water is OC. 3, My little brother says that when he dropped the jug. it smashed to pieces. 4, The man said that he had seen me somewhere before 5. The mechanic said that my car had been ready the right before, but I had not gone to get it. 6, Helen says that when her examination is over, she vill visit me. 7. He said that he would return my magazines the next day, 8, The man said that his car had broken down and that he had had to walk two kilometers to get to a phone-booth, 9, She told us that an English play was being held in the school hall then, 110.My father told me that the building had burnt down ‘many years before we moved there, Write the follouing sentence into indirect speach, 1. Kiren told Tommy not to leave his bag out there. 2. The captain commanded his men to stand at attention, 3. Ltold him not to touch it and to leave it alone. 4, The little boy requested his father to take him to the park, 5. She asked me to tell her exactly what had happened. 6, He told the new boy to speak up as he couldn't bear him, 7. Pawan told his brother not to shake the table while be was writing, 8 She told or advised us to bring our own plates and spoons, 1 The officer ordered his men to return to the ship immediately 110.Deepak told his brother open to that drawer and ‘bring him the scissors. Write the following sentence in indirect speech. 1. The storyteller told the children that the Prince and Princes had lived happily ever after. 2. The conductor instructed the passengers who were boarding the bus to not push one another, 3, He told his friend that he couldn't join him for lunch, 4. Miss Malhotra told her pupils to do the exercises from pages snty to sixty-two. 5, The personnel officer asked whether or not the person knew how to operate a computer, 6, heard someone shouting for help three times. 7. The elder sister asked whether or not he/she was angry at her. & The cheerleaders encourage the team to fight and shone their strength. ‘8, The rich man told the waitress to keep the change, 10. convinced myself that I would win the next event. Rewrite these sentences in direct speech. The first one has been done for you 2, “Lam going to finish painting the gate by noon” told myset. 3. "Can you speak louder, please” said the judge to the defendant.4, “Lwant the project to be completed by tomorrow!" said the engineer to his workers. 5, "My purse was snatched, Officer” said Anu to the policeman, \Write here, that day, the day before, the next day, the ‘week before according to the sentences, 1. You (today) : Anita said she and Tanya were going to a concert the next day. 2, You (today) : Jyoti said he had only been in England since the day before. 3. You (today) : Nitin said he was meeting his fiend at the airport later that day. 4, You (atthe coffee bar) : Mohan said he would see me here. 5. You (today) : Pawan told me the festival had been the week before. In the following sentence the speakers are all saying something different to what they told you before. Write seplies to their statemats as given in the example, 1. thought you ssid you had finished it / your project. 2, Butyou told me you were better at golf. 3, [remember you saying you didn't enjoy parties / them. 4, Butyou seid yesterday that you didn’t have / you hadn't got a video recorder. 5, [thought you told me you weren't applying for it / for the job. 6, But you said you liked Chinese food more. 7. Youtold me you preferred classical music. Change the following sentence to indirect speech, 1, Our teacher advised us to spend our free time in the: best possible way. 2. Rita complained or remarked that that toilet was very smelly 3, Chetan asked me to buy him a bar of chocolate, ‘The army officer commanded his men to polish their boots, 5. He ordered her to get him a glass of water: 6, He remarked that it was a beautiful car 7. The beggar begged her to spare him some money. 8, His mother warned him to listen to her. ‘8, The man asked her to pass him the salt 10. The lady told him to get out or she would call the police H. Change the following to reported speech by completing the sentence Thad been there before. whether my sister was still asleep. to see my license, he should open the windows for me where I would be going for my holidays. when I would be visting the hospital as she wanted to come along, 7. the ship was leaving on Monday or Tuesday. 8. was wrong with my cheek and whether Thad been fighting again, 9. if [learnt anything interesting at the seminar, 110.the purpose of that project was to encourage ‘teamwork and inculcate a sense of belonging. 1 Change these sentences from Direct to Indirect Speech 1. She apologised and said that her brother wouldn't be back until late that night. 2, The guard reported that he had heard some shots and had run out into the compound to investigate. 3. Sheela inquired when he would be back and said ‘that she had something important to tell him, 4, Jatin asked me whether Ihad gone to the circus that ‘was performing there and added that it had been a wonderful show. 5. She greeted me and asked after my health, adding that she had heard that Thad been quit il, 6. He ordered the frightened boy to go to him at once {and added that ithe didnt, he would give him a beating. 7. The doctor advised Mrs. Birla not to do too much heavy work but to get as much rest as possible. 8. He invited me politely as he wanted to show me his, ‘new fish which his father had bought the day before, ‘9, My mather asked me whether Iwas going out then and told me ta be back by ten if T were. 110. told her to go ahead and added that L would wait ‘there until she returned, 13. Integrated Grammar 13. Editing Let's Exercise In the passages given below there is an errorin each line Write the incorrect word in the space provided and then write the correct word Editing Exercise-1Gone is the days of stone age when man used to work hard day to night and used to goon foot or by bullock cart without much comfort in life. was difficult for him to even got the basic necessities of lfe, He had a very tough time work like a machine without any leisure but pleasure, Incorrect Correct a is, ate b. to and © much ay J. got oe work working but ot Editing Exercise-2 Patriotism mean love of one’ native land, Just i we love our father and mother, so we love land of our birth. This feeling are called patriotism. Patriotism is a natural feeling at the heart. No one needs to teach us to love my parents, Love for patents is inborn feeling There is no need for teach patriotism. Incorrect Correct a means. b. a © a 4 a e out, t an 9 to Editing Exercise-3 \We ar living in an age for science. Man has reached! the moon, The unconquerable have been conquered, ‘The dreams of yesterday was the realities of today. ‘Atomic energy i the great power in the hands ‘of man today. But the help of atomic energy, man should change this world into a heaven of prosperity or joy. Incorrect a. for b. have was 4. oneat. eB t 3 Editing Exercise - 4 Science have conquered time and distance, The different ‘countries ofthe world has been brought closer to ‘one another and the globe seem to have shrunk in siz. The journey which took months are completa in hours today. Modern man has conquered a maon and is trying to conquer the distant planets a5 ‘Venus or Mars. Incorrect Correct 2 have has, b has have 4, _complete ‘completed ea the i alike 9. or cand 13.2 Omitting Let's Exercise Read the following passages. There is one word missing in each line where a slash (/) has been marked. Write the correct word in the space provided Omitting Exercise-1 Life in the hostels today is, of course, / different from lite in / ancient Ashrams or other seats of higher. tis not as disciplined today / it used to be in Students are sent to the hostels / devote themselves 10 their studies / single minded attention. They are expected to put their heart / soul into studies, REPRE b © 4. f Omitting Exercise-2 Alibrary is nothing /a collection of books, magazines and papers, Books contain knowledge and / library contains book A library isthe temple of knowledge and a boon to / people Itis the place where knowledge is preserved. / library isthe heart and soul of / educational institution. library forms a ‘very important part of / educational institution. 2 but badA 8 an £ an Omitting Exercise-3, ‘A newspaper keeps a man usefully busy It keeps him / tocuch With all that is /in the world. is much more than that Iisa powerful medium and / mighty force. It's the custodian of truth and a sentinal of human rights / liberty. It can be used for good as well / for evil Itis a vehicle of thought. That is why the freedom / press means freedom to the a in . happening ea 4, and ea £ of Omitting Exercise-4 No one can under-estimate the educational value / travelling Traveling isa better teacher / books. It confirms one's bookes and theoretical knowledge. It helps us to learn things in / more lasting and more lucid manne. Travelling is essential ithe healthy growth ofthe mind, Traveling converts a student / {an awakened scholar in the open university of / world. a of b. than d. e. into the 13.3 Gap Filling Let's Exercise Complete the following passages. La. remains bof His with e might he Eeannot 2. a. was biAfter from with 3a. the bibrought —c.upon —_d. known 4a ahead bihad efrom tthe 134 Sentence Reordering the d.The Let's Exercise A Re-arrange the following jumbled words and phrases to make meaningful sentences, Be In the olden days, man was quite uncivilsed. He covered his body with leaves of trees. 3, Butas time advanced, he became civilized and cultured 1. Hostel life has its own advantages as well as. disadvantages. 2, Ittrains the students to leam to live in the socty. 3, Itteaches them the art of self - sufficiency. 1 Alibrary forms a very important part of an ‘educational institution 2, Library inspires the students to develop a habit of reading. A library widens the knowledge of the students. ‘There are different kinds of games and sports. Education is incomplete without games, 3 a 1 2 3. Games are necessary to keep the body fit and fine. e 1. The choice of friends should be made very wisely. 2. The choice of our friends make or mar our career, 3 Real friendship isa rare blessing. 14. Comprehension 114.1 FACTUAL PASSAGE Let's Exercise Answers: AL. Fort Lauderdale was located in the USA. AD (On 5 December 1945, several US planes took off from Fort Lauderdale in the USA fora training flight. Shortly afterwards, the pilots radioed that their fight instruments were all malfunctioning, Two hours after take-off, all contact with the planes was lst.3. In March 1918, a 19,000-ton US ship named the Cyclops was calling from Barbados to Norfolk, Virginia. It vanished with its crew of 308 from the surface of the ocean without making a distress call ‘and without the slightest wreckage ever being found. ‘The Bermuda Triangle is also known as the Devil's Tiiangle, the Tiangle of Death and the Graveyard of the Atlantic. Aa, AS, b.wreckage «defy 14.2 LITERARY PASSAGE Let's Exercise Answers: 1, The poet dreamt that the world had come together to sign 2 document that puts an end to war. After the paper was signed, people joined hands to pray and abandon their weapons to rejoice the end of war. ‘The speaker dreamt that a big room was filled with men and women signing a paper saying that they ‘would never fight again Swords and guns symbolise violence and war, Uniforms symbolise military. People were dancing on the streets to celebrate the ‘end of war across the world War has a devastating effect on humanity It not only destroys lfe and property but also leaves permanent scars on the souls of the survivors. War often leads to countries and people living with hatred for each ‘other for years and sometimes centuries, a2 AB. Aa, AS. 114.3 DISCURSIVE PASSAGE Let's Exercise Answers: A. The Valley of Flowers is located in Uttarakhand, India, in the West Himalayas at an altitude of 3,600 meters above sea level, a. The Valley of Flowers is stretched across 87.5 59, kms. a2 b.The valley attracts nature lovers, photographers ‘and botanists. ‘The Brahmakamal, the Blue Poppy. and the Cobra Lily are some flowers found in the valley. The best time to visit the valley is from July to September. ‘One cannot stay at the Valley of Flowers. Therefore, ‘Ghangaria the base camp for the trek to the Valley ‘of Flowers, remains an ideal place to relax and! sleep, AB AA, AS, pristine b, captivating «, germinating d, altitude 15, Short Composition 151 Data Interpretation Let's Practice The following histogram shows that deaths due to vio lence has increased considerably during recent years Summarise data in about 100 words and write how an educated youth could change the situation, ‘Ans, Youth and peace are interlinked in society. Youth can play an important role in society. na survey conducted, ‘thas been found that number of deaths due to vialence has increased enormously since the nineties. Death rate Jn 1000s was 25 in 1990. But in 2010, it has increased to 75. tis really very sad, Our youth can play 2 major role in controling this crime graph. They can contribute towards establishing peace in many ways. They can awaken the people toviards the necessity of peace. They can help the police in catching the criminals. They can bring the criminals in the main stream by educating them and they ‘ean do much more. 15.2 E-Mail Waiting Let's Exercise ‘A. You are Kamal. You live in a hostel. Write an e-mail to ‘your mother describing her your hostel ite To anitars. S6@gmailcom subject Description about hostel life Dear Mother I received your e-mail yesterday. Lam fine Inthe mail, you wrote that you wanted to know about ‘my hostel lif, Here, Lam giving you a brief description oft The environment of my hostel is very charming. There is an open field in front of my hostel. My friends and. play here every afternoon. My hostel life is very happy and enjoyable. I can study here attentively. All the students are very helpful and friendly. Life here is very disciplined as | have to follow some rules and. regulations. The food is of high quality. The canteen ‘and dining room are also neat and clean, In a word, 1 feel very happy living here. My best regard to you and father and love to Sumi With Love Kamal15.3 Diary Writing Lot's Exercise A Your father bought @ new car one day. You all were very excited. He promised to take you to visit your grandparents the coming Sunday. Shave your exper: ence in the from of diary entry describing your journey by acar. (02-02 2015 Tuesday, Dear Diary Sunday morning was bright and breezy. We hopped into the brand new car and soon we were heading out towards the express. My mother sat in the front passenger saat while my fathar drove. [sat behind with ry younger sister. Ait was Sunday the roads were not very busy. Soon ‘we were on the expressway travelling ata lesurely pace. My father isa caraful diver and he does not drive too fast or dangerously. Ths proved to be good for there was a speed-trap manned by the police along the expressway. Isaw some cars stopped by the police. They had obviously been speeding Driving along the expressway tend to be monotonous. [actually fell asleep for a short while we passed ‘expressway. When L awoke, we were already at Delhi toll gate. My father paid the toll and steered the car towards Ludhiana town. On the way we saw, many interesting sights. My fther promised to stop by on ‘our way home. We had to visit our grandparents fist Like all towns, there were many cars and other vehicles. Finally we arrived at my grandparents’ house in Ludhiana. The jourey had taken about four hours. We stepped out ofthe car My grandparents greeted us happily. Sakshi 1030 am 16. Long Composition 16.1 Letter Writing: Both Formal and Informal Let's Exercise A. Write a letter to your friend describing a visit to places of historical interest. (informal) 123, Sadar town Janta Enclave New Delhi 4% April 200% My dear Anuj, {1am thankful to you for your kind etter. lam really ‘very sorry that I could not reply to your earlier letter as Thad gone to Agra. May I give a brief account of my visit to that place? The Taj was erected on a white marble platform. The platform has, on each commer, a high minaret. It seems ‘these minarets are standing guard to this monument ‘of joy and beauty. The building has a white dome, beautiful pinnacles, and lovely arches. The walls are ‘0 designed with colourful patterns that even many ‘centuries after it was built there is nothing to match it. visited the Taj on the night of the full moon. The white ‘moonlight had spread all over the building and L was lost in my thoughts after seeing its charm and beauty. ‘There was a sizable rush of visitors on that night. saw ‘many beggars also spreading their hands for alms in the names of the great Mughal King, Shahjahan, and his consort, Mumtaz Mabal, in whose memory the Taj Mahal vas built Thope you would also spare time to pay a visit to this beautiful monument With best wishes. Yours lovingly Ajit 8B, Write an application to your Principal, requesting him to arrange an educational trip, giving reasons {Foramal) To the Principal Govt. Higher Secondary School, Chandigarh Respected sit, The school will close for the summer vacation next ‘week, We want to go on an educational trip. We want to see the Taj Mahal. We also want to see Fatehpur Sikri ‘On our way back, we want to see Dei, This trip will be ‘very useful to us. twill give us First hand knowledge. of (history and as a result) History as subject will become interesting The trip will cost three hundred rupees per head. Our history teacher has agreed to take us to these places. Thirty students of my class will go on this trip. [hope ‘you will arange this trip. Yours obediently, Pradeep vues 16.2 Paragraph Writing Let's Exercise A. Write a short paragraph on topic “Conservation of Water.” ‘Conservation of water is the need of the hour today. This is because the ever increasing population has putan immense pressure on water resources. As citizens of the world, we can, in our small way, contribute towards ‘ater conservation. Firstly, we can implements ainwater harvesting in all eur homes. Also, waste water ean be recycled by utilising it for small tasks like gardening, Turning off taps and showers when not in use and then repairing dripping taps will go a long way in this, ‘endeavour. In agriculture, efficient irigation systems like drip irigation and overhead irigation can make a difference in both the yield and water conservation, ‘After that, recharge pits can be dug, which can capture rainwater and stop runoft This will recharge ground ‘water supply. On a global scale, trees can be planted. This measure will prevent water runoff. Also, it wil help rainwater penetrate the soil Another efficient measure isto use desalination techniques such as distillation, electro - dialysis and reverse - osmosis for purification of water. On a similar note, sewage water ‘can be treated in certified sewage treatment plants for drinking purposes. Lastly, storage of water can also be done in a scientific manner. Doing so will enhance the utilisation of harvested water, Let us join hands and conserve water. After all, every drop makes a difference, 16.3 Article Waiting Let's Exercise A. Corruption is an unethical act performed by the group of people using power of position or authority 10 acquire personal benefits. Iisa social issue which adversely affects the economy of the nation. In light of above statement write an article on ‘Corruption — An Unethical Act’ in the, We all are well familiar with corruption as itis not a new phenomenon in our country. It has spread like ‘a virus in almost every institution it has plagued our ‘society since ancient time. One ean find instances ‘of corruption in the Mughal and the sultanate era Nowadays it has become so common that people do not even consider ita grave offence. Corruption has spread its roots in every field, be it ‘education, sports or politics. It makes officials forget their responsibilities. This causes a lot of damage to the economy. Theft, wastage of public money, damage to the infrastructure, wastage of time are some of the adverse consequences of cortuption. As we can see this tunethical act has many far reaching effects, we need to take steps to completely eradicate this evil, and do this all we need isto promote a sense of loyalty and responsibility towards the nation and welfare of the 17. Word Power 17.1 Figures of Speech Let's Exercise A. Identity the figure of speech used inthe following sentences 1. Metaphor 2. Personifcation 3. Hyberbole 4. Apostrophe 5. Smile 6. Metaphor 7. Personification 8, Parsonification 9, Hyperbole AO.Antithesis 17.2 Cohesion Let's Exercise Combine the sentences in each sat into two clear and concise sentences, eliminating any needless repetition. {As you do so, add a transitional word or phrase (in italics at the head of each set) to the beginning of the second sentence to show how it relates to the first. The first one has been done for you. 2. Inrecent years viruses have been shown to cause ‘eancer not only in chickens but also in mice, cats, and ‘even in some primates. Therefore, its a reasonable hypothesis that viruses might cause cancer in humans. 3. We do not seek solitude, in fac, if we find ourselves alone for once, we fick a switch and invite the whole ‘world in through the television screen, 4, We were not irresponsible. On the contrary, we were trained to think that each of us should do something that would be of genuine usefulness to the world 5. Little girls, of course, don't take toy guns out oftheir hip pockets and say “Pow, pow" te their neighbours ‘and friends like average well-adjusted little boys. However, if we gave litle girls the six-shooters, we ‘would soon have double the pretend body count. 6. We drove the wagon close to a corner post, twisted the ‘end of the wite around it one foot above the ground, ‘and stapled it fast. Nex, we drove along the line of pposts for about 200 yards, unreeling the wire on the ‘ground behind us. 7. We know very little about pain and what we don't know makes it hurt all the more, ndeed, no form of literacy in the United States is so widespread or costly ‘as ignorance about pain. 8, Many of our street girls can be as vicious and money mad as any corporation president, Moreover, they ‘ean be less emotional than men in conducting acts of personal violence. 9. The historical sciences have made us very conscious ‘of our past and of the world as a machine generatingsuccessive events out of foregoing ones. For this reason, some scholars tend to look totally backward in ‘their interpretation of the human future. 110. Rewriting is something that most writers find they have to do to discover what they have to say and how to say it. There are, however, afew writers who do litle formal rewriting because they have the capacity and experience to create and review a large number of invisible drafts in their minds before they approach the page. Sample Paper-1 Section-A Reading 1, Read the passage given below and answer the ‘questions that follow. 14. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions. ‘A. Acupuncture has no adverse effect on patients as no ‘drug is injected into the body of the patients. 8. Acupuncture is almost painless because the stimulations of acupuncture points is done by thin and sharp silver needles. C, Acupuncture treatment gets prolonged so that there: is no change of relapse, D. Laser Beams are acceptable to those who are scared of needles. E. Some damage to lungs has been done due to prolonged disease and medication. 112. Find word/phrase from the passage which means the same as the following, A. Severity 13, Choose the correct option ‘A.2.to avoid infection. —B. 3. One 2, Read the passage given below and answer the ‘questions that follow. 24 On the basis of your reading the passage, answer the following questions, ‘A. Buddhist monks 8B. China and India C. The bonsai remains full grown for even more than ten years, although it needs constant pruning, ‘watering, shaping and correct environment, The ‘ees can be planted in colorful ‘containers of our choice. D. Ten years 22. Find word/phrase from the passage which means the ‘same as the following, A remote 8. enamoured 23, Answer the question thet follow by choosing the answet from the given options AL The Japanese 3. Read the poem given below and answer the ‘questions that follow. 3.1 Answer the following questions brill ‘A They act as prison and keep loved ones 8. strong) felings oo) 32, Answar te following questions by choosing the best OF the given choices ‘A.2. Hidden feelings and thoughts 8.4. Personifcation Section -B Writing 4, Write a short paragraph on Environmental Pollution, Ans The word ‘pollute’ means to make dirty or impure ‘Thus, environmental pollution means making our environment dart. It happens mostly in and around cities and industrial towns. Smoke from mils and factories, motor vehicles and other sources is mainly responsible for arpollution, Water in the seas, rivers and canals is poisoned because ofthe various wastes ‘wa throw into ther. Insecticides used in crop fields are often washed avay into them by rain water Mils {and factories, on the banks ofthe river, often dump poisonous chemicals into the river water and pollute it Allsorts of sound from speakers radios, televisions, 2c, cause noise pollution in the environment. This affects our hearing and general health. We all should ty to develop a civic sense amongst ourselves and bring a check to this pollution 5. You are Ravinder Singh from Delhi, Write a letter to the Editor ofa leading newspaper, appealing for the victims ofa flood in Chennai. 6:1, Rajender Nagar New Dehli ve, The Editor he Hindustan Times Delhi Sub : Appeal forthe victims ofa flood 16/02/2016 ir {have just returned from the scene ofthe recent floods that hit Chennai. These floods have been Unprecedented inthe recent history of Chennai. No ‘one but an eye-witness can describe the terrible distress which these disastrous floods have caused in the area, Chennal is facing @ tough time due toa natural calamity and the devastation thereof The plight of the people who have lost their near and dear ‘ones can be understood, The devastation has been so. ‘widespread that only the fullest co-operation between the government and the people can adequately relieve the distress caused in the affected area, In these circumstances, I request you to start a relief fund and invite the readers to subscribe liberally for this humanitarian alt. Yours Faithfully, Ravinder Singh Section -C Grammar 6, Rearrange the following words and phrases to form ‘meaningful sentences. :L. Modem science has many glorious achievernents to its credit, 2, Board:-casting is one of them. 3, Itis a child of the twentieth century, 7. In the passage given below there is an error in each Tine. Write the incorrect word in the space provided and ‘then write the correct word. Money, everybody knows, make the mare go. The banking industry are, therefore, the real back-bone ‘of any country but it controls the entire economy, Twas some twenty years before the attainment of independence of this country that the nation leaders thought of involving the banks in the big way in the development plans for the country. Incorrect make bare but d._belore ek the 9. for. ot 8, Read the following passage. There is one word missing in each line where a slash (/) has been marked. Write the correct word in the space provided. Correct makes i because walter, as a There / been many great authors of fame in India Rabindranath Tagore is my favourite author. He wrote novels, poems, stories and plays. He stands for Indian culture / all respects. He brought glory to / motherland, He was also an educationist @ social reformer, a musician / 2 teligious preacher. He was a ‘great son of India, a have b. many < in his e and 9. Fill in the blanks with suitable words. aacoss bare «their thy efor in ‘Sample Paper-2 Section-A Reading 1L. Read the passage given below and answer the ‘questions that follow. 11. On the basis of your reading of the passage, answer the following questions A. The statue of Hachiko is life-size. B, The statue is not difficult to find because it has been 2 well known place since 1934 and one can find hundreds of people around it. . The owner of Hachiko is a prefesser at the Imperial University. . The professor died in 1925, E, The dog waited every day at the station for his master to retum. 1.2, Find word/phrase from the passage which means the same as the following, A Vendors 13. Answer the questions that follow by choosing the answer from the given options, A2.1924 8.1. bronze 2. Read the passage given below and answer the ‘questions that follow. 2.1. On the basis of your reading the passage, answer the following questions, ‘A The women did all household chores in the past Husbands never did washing up, preparing breakfast ‘or tending the baby. C. The male child wasn’t ment to clean, mend, wash, cook or make beds, . They find nothing shameful in putting on an apron 10 help in the kitchen or nursery, 22. Find word/phrase from the passage which means the same as the following A moderate 23. Answer the questions that follow by choosing the answers from the given options.'A.4. They want to eam more respectably. . 1. Men and women equally divide household, 3. Read the poem given below and answer the ‘questions that follow. 3.1, Answer the following questions briefly. ‘A. The poet talks about different kind of garments weavers weave as per need, 8, The weavers weave garment meant to cover a dead rman in the chilly moonlight. . Solemn 3.2, Answer the folloving questions by choosing the best ‘option. A. 3a soft white cloth B. 3. queen's marriage veil Section-B Writing 4, Write a short paragraph on topic ‘Dangers of Smoking’. ‘Ans The dangers of smoking need a delailed description. Tis so dangerous that it may cause cancer, heart attack, chronic bronchitis and other diseases. One puff of cigarette smoke contains nicotine, methyl alcohol, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, arsenic, benzopyrene and several other acids which are fatal to ‘human beings. Nicotine restricts the size ofthe blood vessels which impedes the flow of blood and oxygen in the body. In fact, it causes blood pressure andi heart attack, Banzopyrene is one of the most potent cancer- ‘causing agents, Besides, arsenic is also cancer causing Tobacco tar is also cancer-causing. The tar and the drying effect of cigarette smoke slow down the action fof the cilia inside the bronchial tube and eventually

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