BOROSCOPE INSPECTION FOR GAS TURBINE ENGINE DEFECTS AT

THE HOT SECTION FOR GARRET TFE731:

DEVELOPMENT USING MIX REALITY

MUHAMMAD AIZUDDIN BIN SAZALI

53211322178

UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

FEBRUARY 2023
 BOROSCOPE INSPECTION FOR GAS TURBINE ENGINE DEFECTS AT
THE HOT SECTION FOR GARRET TFE731:
DEVELOPMENT USING MIX REALITY

MUHAMMAD AIZUDDIN BIN SAZALI

53211322178

Report Submitted to Fulfill the Partial Requirements

For the Bachelor of Aircraft Engineering Technology (Hons) in
Mechanical
Universiti Kuala Lumpur

FEBRUARY 2023

ii
 COPYRIGHT

Declaration of Copyright and Affirmation of fair use of unpublished research

work as stated below

Copyright @ FEBRUARY 2023 by

MUHAMMAD AIZUDDIN BIN SAZALI

53211322178

All rights reserved for

UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE OF AVIATION TECHNOLOGY
(UNIKL MIAT)

No part of this unpublished research may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval

system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the
copyright holder except as provided below:

i. Any material contained in or derived from this unpublished research

may only be used by others in their writing with due
acknowledgement.
ii. UniKL Miat or its library will have the right to make and transmit copies
(printed or electronically) for institutional and academic purposes.
iii. The UniKL Miat library will have the right to make, store in a retrieval
system and supply copies of this unpublished research if requested by
other universities and research libraries.

iii
 DECLARATION

I declare that this report is my original work and all references have been
cited adequently as required by the University.

Date: xx/xx/2023 Signature: …………………………………..

Full Name: MUHAMMAD AIZUDDIN BIN SAZALI
ID Number: 53211322178

iv
 APPROVAL PAGE

We have supervised and examined this report and verify that it meets the
program and University’s requirements for the Bachelor of Aircraft
Engineering Technology (Hons) in Mechanical.

Date: xx/xx/2023 Signature: ……………………………

Supervisor: Dr Hazariah Mohd Noh
Official Stamp:

Date: xx/xx/2023 Signature: ……………………………

Co-Supervisor:
Official Stamp:

v
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah, the most benevolent and most merciful. Alhamdullilah,
all praise to the almighty Allah S.W.T for granting me the path, strength, time,
chance, guidance and patience in succeeding this Final Year Project. 

First and foremost, I want to show my gratitude to the lecturers who have
taught me so much in college. They've taught me all of their theoretical and
workshop-based expertise, which has helped me prepare for the actual world
of working environment. Thanks to the lecturers who gave up their time to
assist me in both academic and practical matters. 

Aside from that, I would like to show my gratitude to my partner,

Mohamad Zulhelmy Bin Mohamad Zaid who are working alongside with me
to complete this incredible project.

I want to express a huge appreciation to Dr Hazariah Binti Mohd

Noh(Supervisor), Mr …….. (Co-supervisor) and Miss Puteri Nur Syaza
Wardiah Binti Raja Zainol (Coordinator) that help me in giving the ideas and
guidances. During my 18 weeks, they have spent their
time assist and train me while kept me on track by pushed me to pursue my
goal in completing this product-based research, as well as allowing me to
complete the project on my own under their supervision. I choose this
moment to acknowledge their contribution gratefully. 

Finally, I do like to emphasize that my time at Miat Subang, has been

extremely audacious and supportive of my future career, allowing me to get
excellent work experience and a work schedule that will undoubtedly benefit
me in my future profession. This also gives my potential employer a good
impression of me.

vi
 CONTENTS

Table of Contents
COPYRIGHT...........................................................................................................iii
DECLARATION.......................................................................................................iv
APPROVAL PAGE...................................................................................................v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...........................................................................................vi
CONTENTS...........................................................................................................vii
LIST OF TABLES...................................................................................................viii
LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................x
ABSTRACT.............................................................................................................xi
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..................................................................................1
1.1 Chapter Overview..............................................................................................1
1.2 Background of Study..........................................................................................1
1.3 Problem Statement............................................................................................1
1.4 Research Objectives...........................................................................................1
1.5 Scope and Limitation..........................................................................................1

vii
 LIST OF TABLES

viii
 LIST OF FIGURES

ix
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

x
 ABSTRACT

xi
 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

11 Chapter Overview

This chapter represents the study of the topic and explains the context and
reasoning for the present research. It briefly discusses the Garrett TFE 731
hot section system, defects on the section and the new way practise of the
virtual reality. The proposed usage of virtual reality for borescope inspection
on turbine engine defects is to develop a framework. This is to explore if
virtual reality can truly help the inspector to discover a critical defects in the
turbine hot section.

This chapter then discusses the study's objectives and provides a

chapter-by-chapter outline of the thesis. At the end of the chapter, the study’s
purpose and scope limitations will be discussed in further detail.

12 Background of Study
1.2.1 GARRET TFE 731
1.2.2 TURBINE ENGINE HOT SECTION
1.2.3 BOROSCOPE INSPECTION

The development of boroscope inspection on the hot section turbine engine defects
has been ongoing before. Boroscope inspections are useful in providing a general
view of the condition of critical components, but they are limited by the gas turbine
design, boroscope design, and capability of the inspector. When used in conjunction
with gas path, vibration, and trending analysis techniques, boroscope inspections
often provide the final step in the process of identifying an internal problem.
However, it would be misleading to think that periodic boroscope inspections could
be a substitute for the other analysis techniques.
The degree of damage that may be confirmed by way of a boroscope
inspection will be discussed in detail. While the boroscope inspection can be done
on a regular basis, it is most effective when it is used to confirm a problem

1
highlighted by either vibration analysis or gas path performance analysis. A
borescope inspection will provide the direction to either increase water washing
efforts, overhaul the unit, or continue running the unit.
1.2.4 VIRTUAL REALITY
13 Problem Statement
It is best to maintain aero-engines while they are still attached to the airframes in
order to considerably reduce the time and cost of such interventions. This is due to
the fact that the aerospace sector usually based its operations on the notion of
"power by the hour." However, in a place as constrained as gas turbine engines, it
might be challenging to manage and carry out a multi-axis movement of an end-
effector. (X. Dong, 1 April 2017)
14 Research Objectives
The objectives of the research:

RO1: To study the contents of mixed reality solution for borescope inspection in the
hot section of the Garret TFE731 engine’s defects.

RO2: To test and evaluate the effectiveness of the mixed reality solution in the hot
section of the Garret TFE731 engine.

RO3: To propose the effect of mixed reality solution implementation of the turbine
engine inspection using borescope inspection.

1
15 Scope and Limitation
The scope for this project includes a gas turbine engine model Garret TFE731 at
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Aviation Technology Subang Campus.
The section covers on the hot section which will be scanned using the 3D scanner
and this project also will be conducted using the Virtual Reality set model Oculus
Quest 2. The limitation of the project is that virtual reality can be viewed in 3D
modelling and interaction with the boroscope equipment such as moving freely to
experience a gas turbine engine defects’ inspection.