21. Explain function prototype.

A function prototype is a definition that is used to perform type checking

on function call when the EGL system code does not have access to the
function itself . A function prototype begins with keyword function then
lists the function name its parameters (if any), and return value(if any).

Example :

Int add (int number 1,int number 2, int number 3);

Here in this function prototype we CAN easily understand that ;return
type of function =integer. Number of parameter=3.

22. Explain function overloading with suitable example.

Function overloading is a c++ programming feature that allows us to

have more than alone function having same name but different
parameter list,when I say parameter list , it means the datatype and
sequence of the parameter.

Note: In c++, many standard library functions are overloaded.

Example:

The sqrt() function can take double,float, int,etc. As parameters. This is

possible because the sqrt()function is overloaded in c++.

23. Explain structure with example.

 A structure is group of data element grouped together under one

name
 Unlike array, structure allow to combine data item types and
different length
 A structure is user defined data types
 Data item in a structure are called the member of the structure
 A structure creates a new type

Syntax:

Struct[structure name or tag]

sructure{
Member declaration;
Member declaration;
….
member declaration;
}[one or more structure variable ];

Example:

Here is the way the book structure will be declared

Struct books
{
char title[50];
Char author[50];
Char subject[100];
Int book id;
};

24.Explain class with example.

Class is a group of an object with the same properties and same

methods.

Example:

Class bicycle
{
Int cadence =0;
Int speed=0;
Int gear=1;
Void change cadence(int new value)
{
Cadence=new value;
}
Void change gear(int new value)
{
Gear= new value;
}
Void speedup(int increment)
{
Speed =speed+increment;
}
Void apply brakes (int decrement)
{
Speed=speed-decrement;
}

25.Give the difference between structure & class.

Structure in c++ Class in c++

A value data type that can hold
related data that belongs to
various data types
Cannot inherit other classes
An instance is a structure variable
The keyword to define is “struct”
If there are no access specifiers
declared, then the member or the
properties are public
A blueprint that defines data and
methods to create object
Can inherit other classes or
structure
An instance is an object
The keyword to define “class”
If there are no access specifiers
declared then the members are
private

26.Explain member function definition with example.

Member function are operator and functions that are declared as

members of a class. Member function do not include operators
and functions declared with the friend specifier. These are called
friends of a class. we can declare a member function as static ;
this is called a static member function.

Example:

Member function can be apply brakes,increase speed etc.

27. Explain static data member with characteristics with

example.

Static data member has the following properties:

 It is initialized by zero when first object of class I created.
 Only one copy of static data member is created for the entire
class and all object share the same
 Its scope is within class but its lifetime is entire program.

28. Explain static member function with example

A typically use of static member is for recording data common to

all object of a class

Example

You can use a static data member as a counter to store the

number of object of a particular class type that are created.

29. Explain friend function with characteristics and example

A friend access the private and protected data of the class . we

declare a friend function using the friend keyword inside the body
of the class

Characteristic:

I cannot be called using the object as it is not in the scope of the

class it can be invoked like a normal function without using the
object I cannot access the member name directly and has to use
an object name and dot membership operator with the member
number

Example:

Class demo
{
Int x;
Public:
Demo(int a)
{
X=a;
}
Friend void display
};