CLASS – 12TH

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CHEMISTRY ASSIGNMENTS*

SOLUTIONS
1. Define the term Azeotrope.
2. Define the term Osmotic Pressure.
3. Define Ideal Solution.
4. Define Mole Fraction.
5. What is meant by Reversed Osmosis?
6. Explain the Henry’s Law about dissolution of a gas in a liquid.
7. Define the following terms –
a) Isotonic solutions
b) Van’t Hoff factor
8. Explain boiling point elevation constant for a solvent or Ebulloscopic constant.
9. State the main advantage of molarity over molality as the unit of concentration.
10. (a) On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting solution decreases. What
type of deviation from Raoult’s Law is shown by the resulting solution? What change in
temperature would you observe after mixing liquids X and Y?
(b) What happens when we place the blood cell in water {Hypotonic Solution}? Give
reason.
11. What is meant by positive deviations from Raoult’s Law? Give an example. What is the
sign of mixH for positive deviation?
12. Define an ideal solution and with one of its characteristics.
13. State Henry’s Law. What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of a gas in a
liquid?
14. State Raoult’s Law for the solution containing volatile components. What is the
similarity between Raoult’s Law & Henry’s Law?
15. A solution of Glucose (C6H12O6) in water is labeled as 10% by weight. What would be
the molarity of the solution? (Molar mass of Glucose = 180 g/mol)
16. An aqueous solution of Sodium Chloride freezes below 273K. Explain the lowering on
freezing point of water with the help of a suitable diagram.
17. 18g of Glucose (C6H12O6) (Molar mass of glucose = 180 g/mol) is dissolved in 12kg of water
in a sauce pan. At what temperature will this solution boil? (Kg for water = 0.52 Kkg/mol,
Boiling point of pure water = 373.15 K).
18. If the density of water of a lake is 1.25 g/mL and 1kg of lake water contains 92g Na + ions.
Calculate the molarity of Na+ ion in this lake water. (Atomic mass of Na = 23 g/mol).
19. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10g of non-volatile solute in 200g of water. It has a
vapour pressure of 31.84 mmHg at 308K. Calculate the molar mass of this solute. (Vapour
pressure of pure water at 308 K = 32 mmHg or 1013 bar)
20. 3.9g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point of
1.62K. Calculate the Van’t Hoff factor and predict the nature of solute. (Associated or
Dissociated).
21. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.5 x 10 - 2 g of K2SO4 in
2L of water at 25oC, assuming that it is completely dissociated. (R = 0.0821 L atm K - 1mol - 1,
Molar mass of K2SO4 = 174 g/mol)
22. The partial pressure of ethane over a saturated solution containing 6.56 x 10 – 3 g of ethane, is
1 bar. If the solution water to contains 5.0 x 10 – 2 g of ethane, then what will be the partial
pressure of the gas?
23. 1.00g of a non – electrolyte solute when dissolved in 50g of benzene lowered the freezing
point of benzene by 0.40K. Find the molar mass of the solute. (Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg
mol-1)
24. Calculate the amount of KCl which must be added to 1kg of water, so that the freezing point
is depressed by 2K. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol – 1)
25. 15.0g of unknown molecular material is dissolved in 450g of water. The resulting solution
freezes at -0.23oC. What is the molar mass of the material? (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol – 1)
26. (a) What type of deviation is shown by a mixture of ethanol and acetone? Give reason.
(b) A solution of Glucose (Molar mass of glucose = 180 g/mol) in water is labeled as
10% (by mass). What would be the molarity and molality of the solution? (Density of the
solution = 1.22 g/mL)
27. Calculate the molarity & molality of a 15% solution (by weight) of sulphuric acid of density
1.020 g/cm3. (Atomic masses of H = 1, O = 16, S = 32)
28. What is the significance of Henry’s Law Constant (KH)?
29. State Henry’s Law and mention its two important applications.
30. H2S, a toxic gas with rotten egg like smell, is used for qualitative analysis. If the solubility of
H2S in water at STP is 0.195m, calculate Henry’s Law constant.
31. Why is an increase in temperature observed on mixing chloroform with acetone?
32. Define molal depression constant or Cryoscopic constant?
33. Of 0.1m solution of glucose and sodium chloride respectively, which one will have a higher
boiling point?
34. Addition of HgI2 to an aqueous solution of KI increases its vapour pressure. Why?
35. Why is freezing point depression of 0.2M Sodium Chloride solution nearly twice that of
0.1M Glucose solution?
36. Show graphically that the freezing point of liquid will be depressed when a non-voaltile
solute is dissolved in it?
37. Which colligative property is preferred for the molar mass determination of biomolecules /
macromolecules?
38. The boiling point of pure benzene is 353.23. When 1.80g of non-volatile solute was
dissolved in 90g of benzene, the boiling point becomes 354.11 K. Calculate the molar mass
of the solute. (Kb of Benzene = 2.53 Kkg/mol-1)
39. 200 cm3 of an aqueous solution of a protein contains 1.26 g of the protein. The osmotic
pressure of such a solution at 300 K is found to be 2.57 x 10-3 bar. Calculate the molar mass
of the protein.
40. At 300 K, 36 g of glucose, C6H12O6 present per liter in its solution has an osmotic pressure of
4.98 bar. If the osmotic pressure of another glucose solution is 1.52 bar at the same
temperature, calculate the concentration of the other solution.
41. Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 18g glucose (C12H22O11) and 68.4g
sucrose (C12H22O11) in 200g of water. The freezing point of pure water is 273K and K f for
water is 1.86 Kkgmol-1.
42. A solution containing 15g urea (molar mass = 60 g/mol) per liter of solution in water has the
same osmotic pressure {Isotonic} as a solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g/mol) in
water. Calculate the mass of glucose present on one liter of its solution.
43. When is the value of Van’t Hoff factor less then one?
44. K3[Fe(CN)6] is dissociated 30% in solution. Calculate the Van’t Hoff factor.
45. Calculate the amount of KCl which must be added to 1kg of water so that the freezing point
is depressed by 2K. (Kf for water = 1.86 Kkgmol-1).