es acu TA LONG Foem oF MoneRN TABLE ~ Based on valence shell e© configuration Calven by Bohrand Bury) Peslgh OF Lor is given by ‘oveng ard werner. There ave 1 peviodg \® groups. 42 3 4 s 6 7 8 9 10 eek, CLaAsstrication oF EL We ve Wie vig vme pea HB _AIB DO, tin IVA vA VINw O| JEMENTS 1213 14 Is ert) TA 3a us 4 2 a D-Block elements cen j cs | “TransiHary element 1) % Period wise Analysis of LMPT | feried —startat Finish at, nos of element Remarks 4 1H one 2 + shortost perfod + An element are gas /nen meta] . 2 , + Short periocl, Peviod of a 2 yoN® ANammolous elements 2 + MOX gaseous element? NP, fe, Ne & 5 Aa « short perted ou 16% 8 + pariod gs typleay elements sNa Ct Crean) “Long period K kr . 4 ‘3 a6 18 + St transition series appeay + Trancition contract” occur Als Gq (Radius) ay Xe + tong pertod 5 H a 'e + ggle 1M man made element + lonqart period 6 | sh esi a ae ad 1antngnotd contra? | ~ 8 ‘Inert pair oPRet % q pr * * er te 92 + Incomplete period + Actinoids ave there.% longest perfod —» ct 5 a9 element fonqak Gyoup + atl, 1B» go element. Sc ¥, La, *® Group 4 Aen uw? fat No L ast h& u Lim Be Ba B thi oR News fond Na Mg Hs) AN Sm Sho te P Paviston Ka ae Caer Gq sre eu As Austatta Rb gy gras a > a Sn Sb aia SB aq om Pr wing Ra ash Pe mar Bi fe, ae wats Zero [ist FE fre He = cl Be Ne neha By «ire av tom kr AE pojott xe fire} Ra # Period 2d eis set fe Ni science Teather we Bh a Ad _sevigs a) oO Yoozy Nb eva) Mo To bu Ph Pd ry Sard eS “ a WR 0 og por ok See Pa oO ald Sate Se A Te Po wh (Zn Ag da, aim na Bite AU ig ste Snf)UOC - = -= - ad - - - - ad » » = vet coe ee ans ie fe tr Nd (tm) om fy ad SRTe eran a erm Gumpe 7 a ' AQ i ACH Moids th 103 Lv/ tw Sy gk ge wt pas ” SU aU Npreneu Am BK n mein # Total clement > 114 er Te aa 4e cr nevi Gaseous elemenh => H,o,N,F, co, He te by Cay on es ‘ Ho foe fm. TC atively Neral Pula Ameicon chow Bike, Kotla her WR Ay , Br, Xe, Rn Nquid element? => 6, Fy, Hg, Uub, bq, BY pb Sod elemenK => 94 metapoids si, @e, as, condiHonal Blse + Poo x Non-merl 8 €,N, O,F Ne PhS, cl AY se py, ky I, xe Ry Meals = y-24 qo. sb, EY 4, Metailoid / metal He te Te, Ae Metattoid / non metal ay. ss ay 797 fy tm Yb gn Rey WAM ee nt by. yen’ pat mq NO 1 sth Aire itt Su a myHA LUPRG Nomenct C = >(00) * * * 9 4 Nil um Tones Voy tog — Wo = moe 2 3 4 s ¢ biti outd pent Hex Unnilunium = pny Vn nil Quad ium = Ung Unnilenfum = Une Un Un nilium = Sun Unvs Un ium, = yyy *® gU—> last Natural ocatri ng elements * 2383 + Aearipiddl element © Radio active * la 4 Lanthanoids J=P Pare earth rnetdls * zesz 7 ate Man made element. ai ’m dE MAGIC NuMBers 2, 9, 8, 18 18 32 8, 8, 1B, 18, 32 8, 8, Ie, 32 19, 10, 32 ! 19, 32, 32 | ‘ 8 8 le, 32, {um Csaittix) Sept oct. en. maa O29GORAFFFVZVIBRTVVATLELLALAERERKEKRALY* How to find elemen's in Puiodic Bole How to find elemen's in Puiodsc Table * Reviod Lan . - # iF & um& is given { 2 2 A max. yawue oF (A)? Period 3 \g 4 36 s Sq 6 & - Br Ge 46-3 = 10. CA-Boe? + Cad seri) Palladium, 233 Ge 3348 sir 4d As Ze. 1 | we So | ae ln ve * S-l2 = 13-18 Zo LAN #10) za 12 BC 10-118 @= 2-Lan 14¥ st-Family SAO ze PG 2= B38 SC -1y = oud Pez Zr 109-8414 ag, Trfc 4 Atomic no. . Group No, ue. 2=40 Pas Qe Z-LAN 2 40-30 = QU. 7 =63) rodine res zen ouy 2= 33. Poy Gris ue. e224¢ Pet he 3. Atavddura, Nawidaud Parkstos Authotio ch OW.» tismate quer, 2=714 p-é 2= WA 54 yy -g > tungsten O01 la @itAl serena 2 4 G= ars = 3. ne @® Za sq = 10. 6SVEREBEEBREBREECECELEGEEEGEEGEGEEGGEEEOCCOCCCETS Be Pe Tupe. ly Mg pas ze 4 = at a B el ne z eee , 2s A f= 5 + of 8% PF fame Sea ‘aut Geo Fe ai Pe1 vor Uns 2 3% FOF 2= 34, 223s ° noe “ wet Pes 3 Of Poy, as Br tea Goa wey ro en@ayy a Be Pee 1 2a79 ea nae 4 pac 1 Ag 34 man ay Ay es &) ?” vue ae 2 ay ootd WH Sven z= by " ze So Pac! $216 dd Po *®No. OF Memes in g period = aurshell In a period = J Secofielementy 2 BYU. No. OF delemenB In 0! peviod ny SB) = Beh qa Bubshell = fzPr. steg feriod subshell \s 1 2 2809 6 asap pe i 4s 4p ad RE ° Gs 4d sp e 6 GS 4F sd bp q Is SE cq 4p 8 8s Sg GF Td ap. 3 gs 6g 1 Bd 3p ih lo 10s “bh 1g 8F 3d top. f ty 3 yn C SMe ak Max: posible en ne 7 Die or18 Suet. no. of CO in overig) ney in cq, A > We max. possinle no. of ef@ments in cmpr th neq > TEU. Se Clemeng, MHA Max Possible nov of elements te n=4 n=) 1 ne 8 1 a2 bo e& CNEL Magx. possible No.of elements in gh Period of Lupt if 20° an be aceomoddte IN an sybi tal Os $9 1 one wf 2 n> eee, f H classil 2 conf Amphok He Metols me lassiMeaton ds etement on vasis_of ont a est berm gO Seto semen smu te nase > hose TUM CO Fe ty valence hell. ~ Ls - > aa wm OY Ge ee + feeneal nie nk = vs | r Tr hed Period NO= Negx Group No. = Ne: of elements fn. valence 41 : ie = ns& * Groupl (Alkali metals) * Gvour TL (Alkaline earth _metells) + Be Oy Ma Pb, ey. "Re, hig a sy Rg Ra. xe chroxide Alkaline. He =(e* excephinally Rept in & Block, B Nov of element = 14 bo Gas +H, He|Hr Nonmetal Le hiquid+ &, Pr 4? Solids + Rest OF them. @® P plock element % last e pille to valence P- orbital. BO pe at06 F NO, P-Btoth element in js + laat period. + G=12-12. + 20 element. % Waeneval nie cols - je pple \ * —_ o Period = Nmax ¥ Group = nse? 4 yep npe® a — o oF Ne _ 4 s cla 5 hq ate] 2 se \Br) wv o q = -@ O~ Black Aemenle — Se henle A lost et fitted in penulmated d+ ovdital ind a Pz qs F Gyoup= 3-12. * Total elemenis = 40 J» Gsories ofe ro elemenk. 4 Pay —» adcevies 218° —> 302n ¥ pas +» Hd series ag¥ —> “eld * P= G + Gd sevien, st'4 —+ gate~ tog SPR T 6 ster ay de taut gutth wadseig tt d3 xx Sd sovid d¥ xxx * Period no. = max # Group na. . 4 (nay eO an Lea ® F = Block elemenly # last e® pills to (n-2)¢ ovsitals. ok F-ovbitals 4 Ant penutnimate shell we “S) —* (=P outer most valence shell (@- => Penultimate shett Op Core s anal), 0-2) =p antl penulimate. * Pod Gandt HX Group=> ad ]me 4 lanthanoids => % @ co®_ ta Hb Arti lua), Radfoauive Rare eatin metals x ro pt xx* ined +f) ps pty, fF 1, qa me, 2743 D TWansuyanie element > Avtipicial ath — by > Rudio active. # Classi Fication of Glements_on the oasis shetis Complete /incomplole © representertive etements # only vatence &hell incomplete in neutral state as well as any of os * Inner orbitals are complete Filled Feqi- Ail s-Biock + P-Bloce element C exduding Nobel gas) 2n cd, Hg, bub = Psoudotransition element + 34254 4= yo. ® Tansivion otemens % outer two OVDIKE OVE Incomplete. in Meuhal state as wel) as any of o-s * eqi- d- Block elements ex cluding a =P Aseria 0 q elements = dxa= 26. ® inner Transition elemen OURY 3 ordi are incomplete. * eHi- AU F- Block elemenk =D 4x2 = 2¢. ® wovie gases All oybitals are completely Filled a ey He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Ker, Rn => 6.2 Cee] sstaq™ H gaBi => Chey ae sd? Go n6O 4 npeOrto Cre] 6s* 4A" sd! 6p? = 243410 oa Gd > Cee] 642 gy! HX = Bae og? \ 6 period a+ Kel =D SY WHE # OX = ust ad! 4 p2 CMI pe tu = 32. * x= 5st 4d" §% eur ovioce HW’ oth unyared”® GB perme ayy Br Go} tr = 41 seabiem Wb, ) gor * x = $98 x= 65> ad® i Gaal? ald * 727g Pee x= Ke} $2 geltedbxx O= 0. d ast 4p! gg at JagN) > 4s2 ad® sse 4d'? wo \ AY 9 ag PE Gs 44" sdPeriovicity IN Properties © (Zee [ettetive uceae more) IMierelectronic. repulsion [thi elding effect/ Screening effect . (eo) ‘ u% , Gen by slater n Z = | * [EE Ee = ene ** slater pute ' Is CO => F203 He pandeterinh =D vatty por 2e© specter, Ne® x» 5 = 0.36 /¢ Wwaye® ap os oBsicé (7-2)2 =» ced , H = Is! Zerp= Zo = |-o=) , He = Is? Zep g-08 1 ig Li iad ca Ree = 3- o-Bsx2 = U9 Res Was cerpey_ O3SxI- 0-BK2 = A-o.ds= 3-05 2 95294241 Mop IS asap erp =rtxfo-tentt—oeeggra] 4 o SSS. = s. , © @ O2eeB for_s and _PoBloek ( Period > z=) F AT = 035 fov valence eO S2ere= [- o-8se ° OS" 1 I MPeviod asm sa 0 ‘ oy 2B 0.66 om 404 erp ‘ = oe a* Ng 2 9.629 46 =I 1 = aie . JUSS Sstae! 3s! Zerr= 91- (Bros + ix2] na. WH 2 W688 = 22. + oP = ge S226. (Wert b NG) ' T20-bSxE= 9.4, \ 2 24422 = Gy \ KR Pe sze yf wart tented T= O-esxy= Y * Ke 22 Crrou py same x aySc = (S?22 2p6 362 a poaq! asd ren PS 3¢ Sptad! as’ Zerre Q1- Cix0.25 + 9 nossa to) wy = 3 for _p- Block 4 Ore oe Zepp = 0-1 Fe way Po OTN k CQ, sc oT vy or My 22+ OOS £ SKOAT Dad O-Gh 4 OTE 2 B2ALU ey 366a ; 224 CKobSs + Woy TE #* agte (same grp of Hn). Zerpe 36 < ‘ 68 = . 4 * Bq < Q2t 0.6 oa Har INS#P glock elemenl, A Zorp by 9-65 FEY Berl Dertod HIN D ~BIOCK element 42erF by 1s for z=) H In F- Block element szere remains same 3N Group Zerg. {usualy [remains same. »* @ A x » > d of ; Ss b&b & S2e OF crigtals + . © Charge clensity $ ' ’ SEX Princ pal quantum no] . ae} sof a . a ATOMIC RADII » exact aiomic ruc ce element ay am con's be deteymined cue fo Fol, reaxm’ 2 exist win ALP used manner, tneve is no shavp Bouncy Utne of Cnte Cloud, » déstri bution % nic cot cloud ag en) Pend g_ % Nature radon lw two atoms® Mere are 4 tapes dy Interactions: Covalent Radlus Imte_Radgt Nanderwaal padti Metoute adit COVALENT Rapii blwW Non -metals + Metalloids, » 2 © @©9°8 Ferened by shaving of 6@ * Homoatomic ¢ Aad ~ Ha, Ne, &) Fe, th, By, ete, Faaa! 9 pond lengih/ faternuctear AEs. + Helewoatomic Het cary Bong engin] Mnteymoteculay [dan= ta4%s)- Ofer sence ‘Stevenson “Sthumaker eq® conte eavit sali x meta) =b Cakion =p Bi) Ionic com pound TC | Non-Mmeletl => an-metal =p ¥O ! 1) cationic paati Nq ——+ nat Cationic vad auucys ametter than 1829.69 pgs! ts4s2 0p parent neutral atom i [os | on removal e© J W202 pearrapl (S262 6 a5 4 och i + ert so size AL ——» ait Att att ont ! iy aniote aati Wy _anionte on adding eO =p oF Zr} Sizet Fo —— (s4.9929 p> Istarape oO) oF) of => dee o> oo > © © charge + , Zt =b ery e@W Tsoelechonic _conFiguiration #* D same @ aw 2 & 8 2.2.8 2 9, 5 NTS, 07> Ne, Nat, mig’? att , Oe we w we wo wo te e ©>@. = Sze @©>@ >@>@>O >O>O7> zt, zr, r® © e@ See @®>@>O0 i Hw, oH HO 0’ @' ® Sze © 7070 @ metacuc eros Ha Ma [Anwesea aon] + Tternucteare abistance: @ vande er waar Rapiys # it 1s Hypo theHca} f Vip} excluded i vio}WH Factors ayiseetiny Atomic eaatas © wo. of shat tin a grup) [AR & No. of shell cna & cebce oouggeuan @ — zere pe Along period [> isoalectenic speries I > Groupsr a: Nerdevuaad . peeltut An_poviod TU> Re > B>e >PNDODF KKM) Baxl @® charge P=) /F Ss tit? > mnt8 7 emt 7 Ante E @ Bond order cin covalent Molecules) 2 ents a 2 a a a a a aH Nyeleet 201¢ tH feviedtdly Be ba < 41 a8 CT) nanan see 20, Size Sizes In nn ae hou t shet\ t shel} f APT cin supgictent) net Ree net % & fanthanotd Transition aaa contreue” * Tvemsien contraction ¢— Akeaatus ®% Ga ypaaiusy pH excesive Tse In ere TTP Peey sie gy Inner “a? orbitals, Cefltng of #2 fy crepe seit Na Mg si Al Pada zen Taye) « Case : in, Gq 2 ee ed = os a te By t we eo & yd wr a3) x Lanthanotd contraction ¢— fiw gro ut to ath ———» 4d —— sd ART Ae She t lanthanate| Contac x Tt Ser = ote) Poor se Inner _f orbitals ercesive tes tm Zepe, TR U co oy aoe coin -p> a 7 ote@ 2d seven carzey * sc TV G Mn fe fo Ni Gt a ART ea ARS abo stable e-¢ “e NAS SE p> Atomic Inkrae? por Nuclear AH > shielding J? Zneernuctear elest. moe Pret T? motattic padcus P. x Largest b~ Block Element —> La. smaltet 1) ea Nt « K cep <5) 2 er I Cs ve largett in per a < Sr < ba > Ra, 2siulg U5y # TONIZATION ENERGY # onizaton s— . 1 of e& fom qround Rec to tonis mode) 2- for Mono nic syskm=d removal of stake endothermic precess. Paluelectvonic _spocies i sq? Nacy sublimation _, Ndcqy 2isar nat ye? or ey fsolation 4 \solated atom, Stteation => Removal g © fom valence snetl gy an igolated Species =b Amount Heat vequined to remove 4 mole > te/x e/a © bom valence shett oy Wolated gpeciey Gnif rato / calf] ev/ mole.in Geneva) eP removal te endotrermee # alcessive e yemoval + Te; +3, xe) Mtg es at ia, Mey) ae Phe g) . Co 12 eo) Pom | Te yt = TEs eq) ZTE, : Meg) ——— a3 4. 20 ) t Th = Tet Tet Te Hess law of constant yea Summation, ® © removal —» eh me ZA success lve €® removal atitgieat é ATOM Claud ity iy “ens Ferm of ne cont Qua, IP, trp 4% A element ave 4s Vnit TS evhmrrespacthyety al. oP gt ey Sa, los ev eneay fs cupplied, Bi weey 7h, easy boat 4 4wSey A —— a® 0 ‘2 ° Utne e. L TSey (mote at Vs Taxes oy i ae re -d mole ogn x at Ate Le u s + 20/- 867Qua. HIP of Na bs 4-6 ev/mol. Men how much enerqy vequired to \nwe 2-3mq of Na, Sol: — mola. = 9.3 x|o~ 2B Imot —, wt ret Quet aya nm wardlength is suppicient to (onize an aterm of Na. TE r= m et/mel, Calculer re st eohe A aD oy or 3 xi = per Wo x (oS Gor per mol, per atony = 1h eK 107 24oxtao4sA Ractars APRecing TE ® ZeFfective B41 =p Zee t so attrae™ over & tes So TP More required © gee ( Perfo WH saree vi ) 2 grou ® aa MU fee ie AR fe, etter afr OUT Attraction HT so np y frp « size 1) wea Se ei UA SEeaee Nt Cleese (Caan PD EEC s AR ° / . e EPP only for qasecous / Moake Sr aa ~ pon) € wevelate tasth g Tedueing Power. Pe Mq fq Sa bq , ae as ARG ‘ TP e > ® stavitity_g erecramye _eobiguration ; * AZ=T|— Aah Apply ae By ( ‘ * Hale fited | fully iiied guoshel] have extra stability, ' o 5 Mort stable clue to p> > ft exchange eneray pe >- Mumetrical Nattve,8g: - N ° ILacrop3 [st ag2opl, TP, 1s? 2572p? 4s? ag29p3 D> Kea 4 Np Of 1 Pap 284 4s2aph ~ ap, ts 0 y gue. i pet ot ct nity + ° e , st ast ase Sstepl gop? astap? —astgpt Or Te Be 48d Cy S Fee My [reete\ xe wf ae ce (eu. IP, ge SUA & zn, &q 2 zn aq 4s Ue ad"? adi? pl 4S2=( so re, stable eOnic conf. QUA, ge ca HSC a Se 42 qs? ad) eee}. » =P Quer. Ip, % tone a Mn? Mn mnt < eintt < Mnl2 © pint < Math < mnt? He.Ce ee ee peek: Nat tagi? aI Zrtvzer fg mpg | te APPNCaH ans of 2-P Conty in Gaseous Phase) | M metaut Nature to Tendency to form cakon — Melallic = NaHire « . EPeh D-Block element > IP dy SGI alemend Lacy > Aue to Zere a) Hae Tendengy to donate 2 | —> tess 4Hatom | K S-Block elemenk are more reactive than de blockotemens, L, tess zp >¥ Tn _aq: Sol- | n Atomisd J? op Fonisas® n Hy drat Moog, Mes> —mbimake > Ma SEAS ot” 4 ne® aE? MS Men lon-clipe le interac” [49= on Tas = nee Sop o& stability ob cain Aq, sof 50P &% Reactivity of Metal (a meio Beat) Sop order M3 > AL> Mn > 2m > ere 2a Rion d a ¥ te wei at i Ge UK? Ba > Sr > Cq ? Na > Ral a oa fi a ee Ay CPE CAG CH < Cy gH gh c > eb > EK >Na. SW aa oe we mo atte SOP order > k> Ba > sv > @ > Na> Mg > Be We setoce ar & Teactvi by ordexy a oo} it e@ To detymine Nalenoy ch ctement Seine _Valeney cy etement SALCESSIVE TPs given => Biggest froupjum p. eae ze, Te, / IP, IPy TP So as A400 sso ase Pidqest jump» bw TP2 + TP be Ub WAIL atain Noble gas! like oc on removal dy e®. he te has 28 in Nalence helt. ¥ Group 1" *& mt bivalent cation * oxide mo Sulthate — Msoy Nitide Mani, Phosphate chloride Mele Mg (Pou), Gur whith gy fol, Nas fost Jump vO i pe HP O-. as ® Hoyt gps ast pe LK sas? a6 as spSuse @ 15740 gph as apo 452 3d! 4p© Shavitity of os a ® arp < tev Higher oxida’ siqte wlll be more , Stable TP Mg i mgt IP. Mg! Te- Ip, = 8 3ev Magi? 7 Mgt T STP > MEV, tower 0-8 sMitl be mare stable. re . Na 2h Nat Eley igi Ty- THe 416-4ev Waly Nat © OTP = Mev IGev stability of 0.6 x shavility oF Ec ap Ag ——— at Dh g ah "5 que TB ate Wa - Th = wey Toy TPy = Ga eV y- TP, = 6 Ait> Alt® Aaa: AS > Ave a> ave > al UU give order of BE ®@ 8 Al Sa In Th ee 2 OD wt int ut Belt : BS US MSY " it , ts 2- - (3) Oo f Ne Nat Mgt reB® want? > sant? a@@ c Si Ge sy Pb @® wn ° ®@ Pe s @® As Se e@ Sb Te e® 1 sc oO B Al Ga mee a ARR art An.g Cinguctient a Zen 4 aph TP 5 Tey aq, " B>™> a> Al > Ty a I In @ Ho chet < ute eel o> {FL ist seoe < EC Ne < Nat cmgt? C>Si> Gersn Pb. . © @® ART IP’ ® 0? X 0 <0 cot < of ¢ ® N?O ® POS As 7Se @@ Sb th XL o-S * Ww > AY <¢ Au x Nix Pd < pe ed > In w ow K Rb Cs e Br. ~ RPS ARE ARE zPy TP+ * Ca Sr Ba . Ra ~ ACzeeT Zeer t LPh zyt e< Nn si< P ot a, stcp cay Pd > Ag a ad? nt Yo < Mo < ed Electron _AprinityCe-A) oF Electron arn Enthalpy! ( deqH) ¥ Tendency to gain ©) s- 2. Ero under Attract™=0 nuctedy ativact? e=p-ve, E-A =D amount dy Hedt erchange when ane if ddded to an ISolated gaseous atom | speciog exothermic y— aA — Chg Heat = + Endothermtc:- 1 60 add” ts usualty “colhermre in ee ee ee ee® Noble gas AvKaling earth metal Nitrogen Successive © addition are betng ey SHg=o | ave. Hey ee SHeg =o gr very small in Magniucle, (Oe) Always endothevmic , as new et added 42 an anion inskad & Neural atom? o, Og t CP —» 0%) Hey = ve o 12 atteg= ave Ty endo. 6H=We. = HEA ge = -TPyg <4 dd iE, Ux Chay | addi xe aes 428 e© eremoval SAae ~20q- ienteai™ ende, tp Te,211 AF Rector attesting eA © For isoctecvonte epectes (ions dean atom, | | cA «ave | ot, Beal | Ne | aig } eqs oR Ne nat mi ——> -vet avet eat Pot ° of oh ——— erat © [EA_x Bere] tong period Boe —— aor t eat yin a movblegas — &Heg = ve | Altaline earth metals SHeg =o IN’ 6Hog #2 en 1 ns! apt e yg IP uc a asp asap ns> > pt CAN “ba GQ RSD BA ch Nt we. ui due i Be 8 c 69 ° rR Ne CA order 2s! ash < ae pict ost ar age ne £ oy apt ep} apy aps ape = Po Ne Br > Tesxc> Hee > B >SI> Be’ =A >Mg DUD NA>K ae) 3 a w (5) st amie) aint) Saye > Rb des * Pevied —+ ent * Sour eng we oan ced eg m* BPAL< Ga Comet A Applica ds een © %_tonie nature Ranny- smith eq”. % UM= 6 Csen] + 35 (eenyt EN & Potavity < tonic 7. character AEN=EO Crot yoscible] * SENmay = An OTe 38 * pind oor Auweys * AIM << sof cp covatent bond 75° => Tent bond, th r SEN Ndhive Oo oo Non potay covalent bond O1-— eT Polar coyatent Gond > Tonic ond eine 78) P5N = 0-1 TENS tSg0xcept” HE uicl BSG, Ly SEN = 4-ay el VA Roth covalent oz Greaky Polarising ~~ + in aq. —9 sense Any dmus- covalent ® Natuve gy_oxide + Ky dvoxcde 7 Oxide ttydvoxide _ te " M “E- 4H eS cL EN cy MT Atac® over bp © ta, t f-P dona’ & M-o bond strength T Raste Nature ¢ o-H bond strength & r m Acide Mature + HE dona!) = acidic Nature f Paste Ndtire $4 * Bliso peo (f AN Basic “ANP: Acta ¥* NgoH CoH . ry de Au, 1.4 Hs P0y Hagoy Woy ae : a. Amy. Act