AUTOMOTIVE MECHANICS

Small engine vehicles

Components in Fuel Injection System .

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 Objective
Identify the main components in fuel injection system.

1- What is fuel injection system?

2- How does a fuel injection system work?
3- Components in fuel injection system:
a. Fuel tank
b. Fuel feed pump
c. Injection Pump
d. Governors
e. Fuel injector
f . Nozzle

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 What is a fuel injection system?

Carburetors Allows to
The fuel were replaced better dose the
injection system by injectors. In fuel and
is a feeding Diesel engine regulate the
mechanism in vehicles, the different
internal com- injection sys- phases of
bustion engines tem is man- operation
datory;

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 How does a fuel injection system work?
The basic function of the injection system is to
transport the fuel, together with the gasoline pump,
from the tank to the cylinders.

The process begins in the gasoline tank, where the fuel

is extracted using an electric pump.
Then fuel - filter - chamber - regulator.
The cylinder and cold start injectors are fed from the
main chamber.

The amount of fuel injected depends on the air sucked

in by the engine.
The throttle switch reads the open or closed position of
the throttle valve and allows the injection to be cut off at
the engine. This reduces consumption and polluting
gases.

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 Components in fuel injection system

Fuel Tank Governos

Fuel feed Fuel

pump injector

Injection Nozzle
pump

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 Fuel Tank
The Fuel tank is the fuel reservoir
for the engine which holds the
fuel, and it will help to maintain
the temperature of the fuel below
the flash point. It is also a
corrosion-resistant and leakproof
to pressures of at least 30 kPa.
The fuel tank will be provided with
a safety valve to relieve the
excessive pressure. It will be able
to dissipate the heat from the fuel
coming from the engine.

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 Fuel Feed Pump

It is used to feed the fuel from the

fuel tank to the injection pump.
When the push rod is at minimum
position, the spring force on the
plunger will create suction in the
pump to flow the fuel from the tank
into the injection pump.

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 Injection Pump
The representation is
a single cylinder jerk
type fuel injection
system. In Jerk type
pump there will be a
reciprocating plunger
operated by the
camshaft. ´Cylinder jerk
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The main function is to
deliver the right amount
of the fuel into the
injector under high
pressure
Distributor type pump
Fuel- 2 cylinders-rotors
Inside the rotor, there is
a long passage hole
with two radial holes.
One hole is connected
to the inlet and the
second one to the outlet.
 Governors
The duty of the governor
is to control the fuel
quantity based on the
load and limit the quantity
of fuel when the engine
running at very high
speed with less load.
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Mechanical Governos
The governor on a
mechanical unit works by
using a series of springs
to try to control the
amount of fuel injected to
maintain the speed at a
fixed level.
Pneumatic governor
works with the working
means as the fluid The
accelerator pedal
movement determines the
amount of the fuel goes
into the cylinder
 Fuel Injector
The quick combustion will
dependent on the well-designed
fuel injector. A good fuel injector
will atomize the fuel into fine
droplet, increase the surface area
of the droplets and help for mixing
of the subsequent combustion.
The fuel injector is comprised of
the following components.
•Needle valve
•Compression spring
•Nozzle
•Injector body

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 Nozzle

Requirement of Nozzle
•Should be able to proper atomize
the fuel.
•Fuel distribution in the cylinder
against the cylinder pressure.
•Prevention of fuel from impinging
directly on the walls of the
combustion chamber or piston.
•Proper mixing of the fuel, even in the
case of a non-turbulent type of
combustion chamber.

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 Closing and Recommendations
Today you have learned about what fuel injection means and its main
components

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