Exogenic Processes

Processes that take place at or near the earth’s

surface that makes the surface wear away.

Types of Exogenic processes • Erosion - rock particles

get carried away by wind,
• Weathering - process that
water ice and gravity
breaks down rock into
smaller pieces 1. Rill erosion – water
changes the shape creating rills by
1. Physical weathering
constantly pounding the rocks.
- disintegration or
2. Gully erosion / sheet erosion – running
disaggregation of rocks by physically
water cuts through the clayey and
breaking them apart.
makes deep channel in it.
- Block disintegration due to successive
3. Wind erosion – can carry dust and
heating and cooling that creates stress
sometimes blow sand into towering
along the joints and breaks the rock
dunes.
down by block
- Exfoliation due to intense heat that • Mass wasting - movement of rock, soil and
peels off the outer layer of the rocks regolith downward due to
- Frost weathering due to the chance in the action of gravity with
temperature from being frozen to different classification:
thawing of water that splits the block
1. Slump – results in sliding
into smaller particles
of coherent rock materials along a
curved surface.
2. Chemical weathering
2. Solifluction – slow downhill flow of soil
- refers to the decomposition of rocks
3. Earthflow – downslope viscous flow of
and mineral as chemical reactions
fine-grained materials that have been
alter them into new substances
saturated with water.
- Oxidation due to the reaction of the
4. Mudflow – occurs when mud travels
oxygen in humid air oxides of iron
down a slope very quickly.
called rust
5. Debris slide - characterized by the
- Carbonation due to formation of
chaotic movement of rocks, soil and
various types of carbonates like
debris mixed with water and/or ice.
carbonic acid from rain containing
6. Debris flow – moving mass of loose
carbon dioxide.
mud, sand, soil, rock, water and air
- Hydration due to excessive water
that travels down a slope under the
absorption
influence of gravity.
- Solution due to dissolving of mineral
7. Rock flow – pieces of rock break loose
content of rocks directly in water.
from a steep rock face or cliff.
8. Soil creep – slow gradual movement of
3. Biotic weathering – decomposition
soil or regolith downhill over time.
caused by living organisms
• Sedimentation – A natural
process in which a material
is carried to the bottom of
bodies of water and forms to solid.