| Algebraic Expressions s and Manipulation Dyeee) asi! The term ‘algebra’ was derived from the Arabic word ‘al-jabr' which literally means ‘the reunion of broken Parts: This word was taken from the title of the first clear textbook on algebra, Hisab al-jabr w’al-muqabala. Written by Arabian mathematician al-Khwarizmi in about 825 AD, this book laid the foundation for the teaching of algebra. Pama The Arabs brought algebra from ancient Babylon, Egypt and India to Europe via Italy. Our knowledge of algebra is based on the Rhind Papyrus, one of the oldest known mathematical texts. ‘The problem below was taken from the Rhind Papyrus and can be solved using algebra, pivide 100 loaves pread amon: 5 men, ? GC Scanned with CamScanner(hoper 4 Aoshi sono Mang of apples in the 3 baskets a5 follows: {We ean find the total number apples = numberof apples in Basket 1 “+ number of apples in Basket 2 “+ number of apples in Basket 3 234548 =16 ‘Tra number of However, if we do mot know the numberof apples in Basket 3, we eq vite the sum as follows: & & @) Tol suber of aples= number of apples in Basket 1 ++number of apples in Basket 2 + number of apples in Basket 3. =345+ number of apples in Basket 3 =8 + numer of apples in Basket 3 ‘aeseet wing vonberof pein Basket 3” (whichis quite lengthy) Stowe rt meet te unknown quant, we can we att Foye, 2 Benth unknown quantiy For example if we ti amber of apes in Basket 3 instead, we write Tol number of spes=3 454.4 shtr Fag apply the tule of subtraction 0 tnknowns. = Se3+ ‘his notation cannot Te ued for ori ‘numbers. gt Bg dx 5a45 Also, x n= n Xm ince multiplication is commutative, En Compare SxSes Scanned with CamScanner fe eo dno hunts aplesn Bast ania Bse 2, 'an again use ltrs ofthe alphabet to represent these quantities. 8 8 8 However, we have to use letters other than x since x has already been used to represent the number of apples in Basket 3. Therefore, we can use y 10 ‘Tepresent the number of apples in Basket 1 and to represent the number of apples in Basket 2. The sum can now be written as follows: Total number of apples = y + 24x Let us now consider the case where each of the 3 baskets has the same numberof apples. 8 8 8 if we use to represent the number of apples in each basket, we can write: ‘Total number of apples =n +n +n = 3 x n-— mbit the mmber of baskets =3n ‘withthe umber of apples ia cach basket o get the answer If we consider another case where we have m baskets instead of 3 baskets ‘and cach basket has apples, we can waite the following. 43S 8 mba ‘Total number of apples = n+ m+ n+ nt... +m (m terms) However, ifthe number of baskets isthe same as the number of apples in each basket (i.e. m =m), we can write: ‘Total number of apples = n-+ntn+ntn+...+7 (1 terms) =e ‘Notbric Beressons QE(©) Compare: Redace T by 4 a7n4 Reduce eby 4 Seed roe no ety re inne mn we FES sxrxae sme Its= we bw: pew or SEXEXIE eruesX =Pxu ey =fu Ia=reuwebave: percucneaxs oF SIXDCE OF Saag ° ae =P = Besides adding, susractng and multiplying, we can also divide gg unknown with anotber unknown, For example, if we divide the with te unknown g, We write: a agek prank Jast lke numbers, we can also apply a combination of mathematcd ‘operation in algebra. For example, if we dd the unknown p to 3, a Avie the sum by 5, we will et: te +1)+5=2tPalgy, G+mes form ‘Similarly if we minus the unknown p from 3 and divide the result by 5, we wil get: B-p+ Te look at some more examples on how to write algebae Exomplet—— Rewrite the fol @ ASN3 tog Mee Onc expressions, 9 (0 Reduce ety 4 ©) The sumofbande ©) Sularst fom 5 § Solution @ as @ cn4 ©) bee @ sa: GED °-—. eee tte eta Example 2 —_ Cae flowing a algebraic expres (a) Five times d ea 1D empty 6 (©) The product of x and (© Oneitidory 7 (® Pivte7byr ca, Solution (Renee | @ Sxdorsa ©) ex 60r6— jena © yoy @ Trot etme z Sa o's = = Example 3 Rewrite each ofthe following as an algebraic expression, (2) Subtract 2 from the sum ofa and b. (®) Add 3 to the product of e and d. (©) Divide x by the product of y and. (@) Divide the sum of rand s byt. (@) The product off and sum of m and n, Solution (@) (@+b)-2 oF © Km+n) Rewrite the following as algebraic expressions @) Adda’. (©) The sum of 3 and (© Subtract 3 from f (@ c multiplied by 4 (©) The product of 9 and d. © Twice ofe. (@) Divide 3by y. () Half of A @) ede we 2 Rewrite the following as algebraic expressions. {(@) A845 othe product of hand k (8) Subtract the product of m and m from 6. (©) Divide the sum of p and g by r. {(@) Divide the product of s and # by u. (©) Sulsract one quarter of x from y. (0) Subtract from and multiply the result bye. (@)_Addthe product of hand kt the product of xand y (h) Multpl the sum of cand d by 3. suoctoesins CER Scanned with CamScannerNEED»... ... i Algebraic Expressions anq Evaluating ‘We cn find te value of 5 itm=10, m= xm sx 10 <— sec sabe m with 1 if he value Of m given. Ry 22T ethe same as (erpedor deen. x3 =— ne with 3 =15 Nac that the vale ofthe algebraic expression above vai tothe va signed fis unknown, Benes vate following algebraic expressions, if b= 2, k= 3,9 quand, ( A+st ©) 3hep (9 4-3 (@) 97+ hk pq | Sartore @ be st=2+(5 x3) 22415 207 ©) 34 p= 0%2)+¢1) 6-1 3 (9 4-375 (43) x (2), 12-6) 21246 a8 © 54m, * PAO 0) 42x 3)— 1) x C2) =046—(a) xa We=2.ve3,wes.z=0and ye. ‘expressions. (v4) © x30 Solution (0) y+) =20 45) |, evaluate the ollowing algebraic © yum) pad @ 4 ©) su-m=ene-5) =eIK) = (© (ee-3y 12x0-3x(H] 2 =0+3)x2 3x2 =6 adx3e3 ca sss gene toes natomae COREE Scanned with CamScannerformulae in subject lke Science ang fou will come across many You wil ean Mathematics. Below ae some examples ofhow we cin eva wit given qans. Let ws consider the formula fr finding the area ofa triangle. 1 Anko where Ajsthe ares, ise base, and—_histhe igh, In wang POR, i= 2 em and = 3 cm, then “Ts, the area of triangle POR is 3 em? Example 7 ‘The area, ofthe wapeiam below is given by A= (Given tht @=3, b= Sand = 2 elie A Solution Anta+ bh xOr9x2 x8x2 Suni # the aea of he pez i 8 nis re iGtenilei ee Aneto si ts From coed degrees Celsius by using the following formula: : sem where isthe temperature in depres Celsius, ‘and Fis the temperature in depres Fabre, 3 bling int wer 212 dpe Fete, od oi point in degrees Celsius, : z ‘he boiling point of waters 100 degrees Celsius, 1 Caer Maxs,be2,ca-1.d=3unde=Oentate| (0 2849 whens 2and y= th flowing algebraic express, @ esp whenraSandyad @ @ le (© Gay? whens=Sandy=4 © oss es ©) 8-5 3d+2 ‘3. iy =x +c, find the value of y when @ 8% ay ai-te noAen2anden3. @ a+2b+3¢ Q Se-6a+7 0 Bea) obec A y= at id he vale of v= (9) 640) () ad bd ented i= © da-y a a 5 Veh te vale of ¥ when Evaluate the following. ‘ (are iy © a8 Scanned with CamScanner Om wd h= 14 (Use (0 ab-or when x= Bandy ==2 when x=311, Two verical posts ofthe same height sang #2, finde value 7 Ghent pot and 2 nee wr 0) 59-30 TNp7e 8 Brae p+ ¢ when p = 2nd q =. (NBs) “ “Te formula = i sed w clelte he ie smmimam bight of 9 sone when itis |The distance between the posts is thrown be a ceatinires. When a wite of length w (a) Erle when =981 and = 187. | ntnetes suspended betwen the post, (0) Byrounding9 81nd 1.701 | egg inte mde eines, gre chek hn porns pa a) isappsinately comet Show yout calla “Te sg ven by the formula twos] W Grentatses.re-tfadteie as | Ptevind= ames. (a) 2-y, ) one Revere) (9) What does the white colour on the singopore fag mess Pf BID) ces. tr tp tien (Consider the folowing algebraic expression Dress = ‘The expresion above is made up of he ems, 2b can 1. A term of efficient must es. algehraic expression isthe roduc of unos arlene aa = Ica hip sum enya Pict Riser,” {nme 2 se ttre bs henner none he scale cect a Rea ortesinneexpeion ichigo 1 ore. csc ofeis. ‘The number which sot atached oan wknown ical the constant term. ‘A term consists of coefficient wit an unkown, Eg. issu, coefficient uiknow ‘term which hs no waknowniclled a constant term. Eg. 3is a conan term inthe expression 3 +2 Consider the follwing algebmic expressions. | Ea (@) 204 b-5 | | ee “Thre ae 3 term in he alpha expression above: 2a, Band —S. | | Selng ota em ‘The coefficients of @ and b ae 2 and 1 respectively. The constant mone toni wy heey i “There ae 2 terms inthe algebraic expesion above: fx and =. eccrine} nd ecey The constant rm. Scanned with CamScannerLike and Unlike Terms ‘an algebra expression may ‘mathematical operations. For a feos, 2 and See called Tike ts | the iene fr, | Letwerow cose | “These ae farther examples stating ike and unlike terms (@) In2043b+40, 2a and e are ike tems 2a and 3h ar unlike terms. tax 2943, . | ee 1 ‘ean 2y au Ld count Iscedieevtannan y t 1 rand Lv ae unite teres. 1 Foreach ofthe fellowing tems, write down | 3. Write down the like terms in each of te folowing ists of ters, the coefficient () nO) Sd Ie ro ea 2 Sint the coefficient ofeach tern in the following algebae expressions, (45d) aD 6 yam 1 © B23 beam © P4946) rast Which ofthe above expressions contin « const ter? Paseo | | __ 2 a tt onsst of a few algerie terms ang ple, 2-4 3r isan expression With twp ‘asthe common unknown gy ebnicexpresiona +2—3¢+4. Thetemse, sreeand 4 ar caled unlike terms as they have different unknowns ‘Adding and Subtracting Lis Expres ing Linear Algebraic We know Similarly, fe. Sx rors 242424242 canbe writen as 5 times 2,5¢. 5X2. 4548+ can be simplied and writen as 5 times. Algebraic expressions suchas a+ 2a and Sr~2x can also be simplified ing the same picile. 30420 =(a+040)+(0+4) mad Sree terre res) (49) ok ‘Both ofthese expressions canbe simplified because they each contain Tike rms, (On the other hand, 3a + 25 cant be simplified because a and 2 are unlike terms. Silly, Se~2y canna be simplified beease Sx and -2y ‘a als unlike tems. ‘Only like tems ean be added or subracted. [Eeapeie ‘Simpii «) © the following expressions. “Ta 4e+ 60 (©) 9450-3 dn + 3+ 8-5 (@) are 520-344 Solution © Tada + 6 0) 9b+5b—30 =(a+4a) + 60 (95+ 56)—3b feel = 1b 36 ta 16 dns 8-5 (@) Wr Se~- 2-344 sin 43 7 & +l saingeastmciatioe Notices CEE Scanned with CamScannerce : ions. peed ‘Simplify te flowing APESSOMS A, one dg Go) deey 2098 (@) 81 5k- 34-26 oh Se Fe eee ei (© des a02e auncar ane (0) 94+ 3442 (@) 139 —35— 105 givers PEM 9+ 94-9449 Solution x B19) 35+ 104-90 425 ey WO) Eth +des SRT AB + Nim — tm 3k rome tone OTD O mems7-? pees en nace 24 y+ 37 o eeo 4. Find the vale ofeach ofthe following ‘) expen, ifa= and b= 3, simplifying fi where pose Rennie Te = Mews wd 24 Simplfy the folowing expression, Pp een iSnamass (#124205 Et = 60420-0434 © 0) 70-00-4105 Saas lioer ie —— (0) 5448) -29—44 © «23018 “a. Pr Werte (@ Gor 50—40-35 Soh Ths 213k atuean Me (e) + 60-2043 Fin the vale ofeach ofthe following a =mt3n—nt2n / © %45)~3) +21 expressions, ip = 3 and. ig ear - : () 13r+9s-Sr—25 a (Basie | (b) 6~59~3p~4g © (Ri By- 3. "Simplify the folowing expressions. (© prsqetps te = = 3h Sk 26 6) 2243540 (@ 29-34 39—30 oe ate Soe » on Example 11 a Fd eval of ec oft flowing expressions ifa= 3 and b= 6 or | () 504+30-40-6 ©) %+3-0- venivery/) @ ae I rary anu kang Solution ‘Simplify the following expressions to find the matching pars of answers. ©) S04 ta—b Sethe mystery word low by miching he ete othe unter rca } O se-kevtene [Oo dtu [O50 r te mainly es ! Qu-6-mse [0% (Ov-0-% [@)ae tenes te [Oe DenTeve [Dew Se— ee | Qaentersa [Qe + [Qe u-mr 9 0000600 a coc ieee (ae ccrsine eeeeirs QE Scanned with CamScanner@ expansion of Simple Linear Expressions “We hve seen in Chap 1 that in avithmetic the exresion within th ‘rackets is nomally worked ot ft For exams, 2e(se3)22x8 =i However, very often in algebra, the expression in the brackets anna be Simplified, For example in 2+ 9) ycanno be simplified | == tn Chapter 1, we hve slko learned ow 10 ws the dstiutive Iw 4 remove te broke Fit. Fo example. 2x G43) =2x542«3 06 6 Sine, in lgeea, we can aply the distributive Iw 10 remove the ‘aches Forename, 2080648) = 2 a4 4b) B2 sags 2% 4b Tenet ‘This method of ang he dsebuive lw clled expansion, ‘Te ales for algebraic muliplieton ae simi to tote of athe smulipcain. For example, Genk aay (29-3) =-6 ea Example 12 Expand @ 30+) } © Ma~29 | Solution oi | e3xr43Ky sareay i ar © 20-m @ Say+0 aX ©) 2-b xa-2xb 202 am © & wane. @ Bs shat ase itcorpieiigi Exnd @) 60) os y-7) © msn oa) Solution ©) 59-7 HS)Hy 8x7 peed i © -+m @ -say-2 saline) wae x2 SCD xm CD en stop: | in | Example 14 ‘Expand nd spi. (@) i -9430+2) ©) Het 42-9 (@ 2@-)~ 40-2) xg he expression range we seem fre smpiving. @) =) +306) 0) e494 2-9) n4ndee943r see 3y+2e—2y n4s9—ae4 ae 3c 2663927 iar asety (@ &-30429 (@ %a~4)-¥a-2) } te —3a—6e 29-8 3046 | Far 6e30 29a 846 | Seca nn? In gener, s \ cartoon CT Scanned with CamScannerGEL pty cach fe toi eae Sit hot owns er) @ 5040 am 3029 © ae Hed © deapean mn o- (0 tare brim Sa-9 uanaret 8 2. Expand eth te along. (© lin sn~9), (a) 40k +3) () 6(3m +5) o + (©) 718 + 4m) @) 402r-3) @) 5Qq-1)-30q-0) 3s) 13-29 ) er0-0-0 |. Expand each ofthe fllowing. (6. Simplify the following expressions. tren) 302-0 fy me-5)-G-2) mR © sass @ aes) 0 saa) nos | (B53) Ako) © sged-ere) INEM) | 4, apn ch te owing. 1. Sint he flowing expres | feed te) Go) a5 2-3) [OMNov 9 | (0 steed) af x00 = 80) © ai-3G- 4 Toomey aad Gam (© 2 ¥-Her) —(ONor Om Addition and Subtraction of Algebraic © expressions with Fractional Coefficients el ha coe of ues th mumbo in nt fe | a satis expeson. Th sone examples a gee expen ‘with fractional coefficients are as follows: ae Inthe same way, we cn wie oan and » Cree Mba esr aniston ‘Te LCM of 3 and 5 as. Silly, in ode tad or sutra slgebraicexpresions with fatonal ffciens, the algebic expressions have tbe fist ms the ala exesions hive to be fst wien ith 3 For example, “To ad or subtract algebrale expressions with fractional coefcents, 1. Find the LCM. of the denominators 21 Rewrite the algebraic expressions wth the sae denominator ing the LCM. found. ‘3. Then sl orsubract the murat as required. Example I ‘Simplify he folowing algebra exresions ) ose @ Scanned with CamScanneroth actions have he Beye denna ath tons tae the ‘me denon Now: 6 th By prime ctorisation, By pine fceriston, temo, 3 Example 17 ‘Simply he flowing seta expressions. Te nek deeb mos Simply the following algebraic expressions. @ 20-4 sen vdsimccntinicctosimentetociea cots CEE Scanned with CamScannerTeLeM of 6ant vam | Reeyaninccsieniomr ists? ‘Simplify the following algebraic expressions Weeden de ty tose abs grote i weber te ‘Simplify the following algebra expression. teal 1a @ fostoaze grads testa Novice alse hat lO ede writen In te exes 2a +20), ire ia Flos 2H~2as Sy ti 1 his case, $i te facto cutie ofa and ihe factions! | officio I | Nar sto tao Socata 2 SS ae Simpy be following sgn xenon ride @ Mernste (@ Jaen. _darDexe 6 desde — soot steer ih Scanned with CamScanner© | © i ae gies koa sates) an Shee ements eye aetna Sermon oe renee) Sen fc we =_ fo kee nd Siepiytefowingaptnicerenios. | 0) He 0-2 sdste o Jormeds dertenele @ la-o+id sf fe oh 1 1 © done netin-3) @ tu-nedann fettstt2 gy Batt — 2 on 2 2 Simpy the following lec expressions. @ tasnstoen, sip th fllowing teenie exo, 1 1, ill @ ferd-y2 1 0X Simplify the fllowingalgticexpesion, Hi wo er9-feen hae td 9 Hor-3)-hivon @ {9-9-3 © 4e-39-34-» When do umbrelles et (o Saeco tic expos ed wee the eter that ne bus tela tse te Hil seve. Scanned with CamScannertranslation of Simple Real-World Situations Int Fr Algebraic Expressions ‘When constructing an algebraic © the unknown quantities. pression, we use letters to represen, Ir 2 book cos 85. then 2 books will ost 2 x $8 ‘and 3 books will cost 3 x $5. ‘Thus, m books will ost mt $5 = SSm. Similarly, if pen costs $8, then 2 pens will cost 2 x $8, and 3 pens will cost 3 x $8. ‘Thus, n pens will cost m x $8 = S82. Hence, (Sm + 8) isan algebraic expression representing the total cox, cof m books at $5 each and m pens at $8 each. Example 19 Ali is x years old. Benny is 3 years younger than Ali. Chandra is twice as old as Benny. Write an expression in terms of x, for (@) Benny's age, () the sum of their three ages, giving your answer in its simples form. Solution ome (2) Bemy’s age = x45) years okt rye berms ae ©) Candas age = Fx 3)” 2ee—3) yeas ola * Som oftheir ages = Ali's age + Benny's age + Chandra's age F44(e=3)+ 20-3) Hr4x-342r-6 = (4-9) years old conve pao (8) One VCD costs $10, Writean expression | 3. Mis Liis x years old. Mr Li is 6 years older to represent the cost of x VCDs. ‘One DVD costs $x. Write an expression to represent the cost of ten DVDS. Exemnplelzba SS os To get ready forthe and 13 2 {othe new school year, Suzy buys 10 pencils atx cents each 13 exercise books at Cos ofthe ene anh O88 EEN We an expression for he tot Solution ContotTpect ow reams Cotot pets = roxsc = sour Coote tmok = yes = $5 st of 13 exercise books = 13 x $2 ‘Cost of 13 exercise books = 13x $735 = $0.13 Total cost = $(0.1x + 0.13)) Example 21 Mrs Lim is having family gathering this Sunday. She buys x ducks for $835, Write an expression, in terms of x, forthe cost of 2 ducks, Solution racks o 3 2 Leste! ale re a than Mre Li, David is one third the age of (MeLi, Write an expression, in terms of x, for (@) David's age, (b) the sum of their thee ages, giving your answer in its simplest form. ‘A Tshirt costs $5 and a pair of shorts t costs $8, Write down an expression 4. (@) Write down an expression forthe cost, to represent the total cost of buying * ‘shins and y pies of shor. A blouse costs Sx anda skit eos 8) Write down an expression 10 repeset the total eos of buying 5 blouses and 8 skins, in dollars, of 7 erasers atx cents each and 15 pencils at y cents each. (b) Wiite down an expression forthe cost, in dollars, of x coloured papers at 7 cents cach and y envelopes at 15 cents each. Scanned with CamScanner‘Syed packs 8 books, each of mass x grams, | 7+ and 2 dictionaries, each of mass y grams into ‘box of mass 250 grams, What isthe total mass ofthe box now? ‘A pen costs §2 and a ruler costs 50 cents ‘Write down an expression, in dollars, forthe Bala buysxboks fora total cos of $a, Wg down an expression, in terms ofx and d fy the cost of 2 books. (ezey, ‘Acclock gains s seconds in one hour. Write ‘down, in its simplest form, an expression in terms of $ and d forthe number of minutes cost ofp pens and rruless. (N/OUPI] |_it gains ind days. [Osun 9972) ®@ General Term of a Sequence Look atthe number sequence below: 2,4,6,8, 10, 12. [Notice that every number ofthis number pater (except fr the 1* number ‘is obtained by adding 2 to the previous number. Now consider the following set of numbers: 29,22, 15,8, 15-6, ‘The set of numbers above is also a number pattern as every numberof this pattem (except forthe I* number) is obtained by subtracting 7 from ‘the previous number, In the examples shown above, the numbers in each set follow a certain pattem. A set of numbers that follow a certain pattem is called a number sequence. ‘The numbers in a sequence are called terms. For example, inthe first ‘example, the second tem is 4 and the third term is 6, Inthe second example, the second tem is 8 and the third term is 15. ‘We can find a specific term or the general term of a number sequence if ‘we know its pattern, Ms oe CCupterd Agebaic preston an Mangus penta © pat the formula for Ssrined can | edo any term in Bonumber sequence Example 22 ‘The frst fur terms ofa number sequence is pven by: 143,57. Write down (@) the Stem, ©) the 10am, (©) ther tem, in tems of stem Pam= 1410) +20) +30) (9 mtem=14 (0-12 H142n-2 stent Example 23 och diagram in the sequence below consis of one or more squares formed by joining matches. tentin Gaal Gas Youcanusethe stategies Care ? ‘making a diagram, Pematictstng and ine Jor patern 19 bin the general term. ef number sequence (a) Draw the next two diagrams. \ (0) Complete the table below |Co) Without drawing fares, state the umber of matches in Diagran 10. : (4) State the numberof matches in Diagram min terms of m. (The tbe ‘low may help you) eae + sae toa [ar2@ [4r3@| 4440) [2 Solution ® [ Pay eT Dagan Dagan o a Dayal] s 4 [7 [of [6 (©) The information from the table in (b) can be written as a number sequence: 4.7.10, 13,16, ‘The pattem for this sequence is to add 3 tothe previous number, Diagram 5 = 16 Diagram 6 = 16 +3 = 19 Diagram 7 = 19 +3 = 22 Diagram 8 = 22+3=25 Diagram 9 =25+3=28 Diagram 10= 28 +3 =31 ‘Thus, there are 31 matches in Diagram 10, (@) Look at the patter given in the table, 4 14+3] 4420) [443] 4+4@ [2 "Notice thatthe number that the Diagram number, Thus, {is multiplied to 3 is always 1 less than ‘Number of matches inthe 1 diagram = 44 (n= 1) x 3 +3n—3 =3n41 Gone -the first four terms of a number sequence is given by! 3.5.7.9 wite down (@) the S*term, (0) the 10* tem, {@) the ni term, in tems of n. 42, The first four terms of a number sequence is siven by: 3.6.9, 12. (a) Write down the 10* term, (b) Write down the 1 term, in terms of . (© Explain why the number 100 does not belong to this sequence. 3. Look at the number sequence below: 1,6, 11, 16, (2) Write down the 10° tenn, (b) The rf term is Sn +k Find the value of (©) Explain why the number 2.002 does not belong to this sequence. 4. Look at the number sequence below: 2,5, 10,17, Write down (@) the term, (b) the 12° term, (©) the ni term, in terms of n. () The ri term of a sequence of numbersis ‘Sn ~ 3, Write down the first four terms of this sequence. (©) Then term of a sequence of numbers is 72 + 2, Write down the first four terms of this sequence. Study the folowing equilateral triangles formed by using matches. Pe. Be (2) Draw the nest rwo figures. () Complete the table. 3 (©) Without drawing further sketches, find the number of matches used in @ Figure 10, (i) Figure 20. (® Write down the number of matches, in terms of m, in its simplest form for Figure n. Figure 1 is an X-shaped array formed with S coins. Figure isan X-shaped array formed with 9 coins. Figure Figure (@) Draw the next two figures. () Complete the table. tf2[3[4 s|e (©) Without drawing further sketches, find the number of coins in @ Figure 10, (i) Figures 20. (@) Weite down the number of coins used, in terms of n, in its simplest form for Figure n. ii (Craper4 Agen Exressons and Manpuition | contendere CEI i Scanned with CamScanner “(a) Draw Diagram 4 of the sequence, ‘8. Each diagram in the sequence below con of a number of dots. (b) Complete the table below. ¢ TPE] vs | ane i| eMersReu chon cael ‘When constructing an algebraic expres | Diagram 1 Diagram 2——_—Diagram3 (©) Without drawing further, write down the ‘quantities. Hon, Use letters to represent the unknown ; er of squares in \ (a) Draw Diagram 4 of the sequence. number | i (b) Complete the table below. i pees on Example of an algebraic expression: | 1]2)3[4 (@) Write down the number of squares in At a | Diagram n, in terms of n. vo terms } als gram n, in terms of Yio terms 3 and + ie mae 10, Study the following figures that are formed ‘comseane fen ae of dts in by beads. | (Diagram 10, eee ‘When we substitute an unknown number with a value, the value of the algebraic | Diagram 100, oe S Site expression varies accordingly. Write down the number of dots in | © Wie down the numberof ot . aia, is le % Like terms have a common unknown Unite ems have diftrent unknowns. x nd Figure Figure 2 Figure 3 4x are like terms. 4x, 7y and 4w are unlike terms. 9. Each diagram in the sequence below consists | (a) Draw the next figure in the sequence. 1 fof one or more squares, with each square | (b) Complete the table. ‘Only like terms can be added or subtracted. | having an area of 1 square unit. Eg, 3x 4x= dr and 3x—x=2r | = 12 [3]4 | = 0 1 At m+ my | (ees Gee (©) Without drawing further figures, write ee ; C C] down the numberof beads inthe figue where m isan i unknowns. 3 H ceri here mis an integer, x and y are é aa are - as @ rows, Gi) 2010¥s. ‘To add or subtract algebraic expressions wit fractional coefficients: (@)_ Write down the number of beads, in terms of nin the figure that has 1 rows. (©) Express each algebraic expression eee found, (© Then, add or subtract the numerator 8 required (a ofthe denominaos * (@) Find the LCM. ofthe = ecu Annumber sequence ist of muni at flow sn pattern. Eg. 1,3, 5,7,9, ». and 1, 4,9, 16,255 = = ional ‘The pons tat sven net sees ews ones ecg ta general term in an algebraic form. For example, Ts 2- 5-0. . 1s given by 2n 1. es eee oe ab ik Caper Aeon onde ny cam Scanned with CamScannerEnrichment is 2 years younger than ber father. Find the sum of their ages. i A 6-2 B 9-2 C S42 D oy42 Divide by 100 and write down the remainder as your answer. | | “Amanda bought x pples at 20 cents cach and 10 oranges at y cents, ‘each, If she paid the shopkeeper $10, how much change did she get ‘ack, in cents? ecomathseece Fun with Algebra EEL. vege ey gen teow, wo oh BC Thnk of «mmr flowchart shown onthe ight al Me reek sincera AB Baie aicun |, ; | Dyz2 MMEEL 3. Fi 6 fr caren» ion 2b — 0+ 3, he concent of a ad he consan fem ae a Re ae 423° 3s © he Das WBE) 4. tn the expression 2¢ + 20-426 + 3456+ 1 the like terms are © Wes» B asada © Dando Diora ‘Multiply by 50. MED 5. 20-45 + 6-30-25 4c= 1 Aes 7 2-476 © aaa see D a2 ave you ha your birthday this year? GE «6. Expant-x-y, Arerey Boy-z Cpex Diary ae << HEEL. Sip 271-852 acd oth se? +1 ay i te: - Dae Subtract (b~ 50). PERRREEL 8. Mins is yeas old Her fate i ies a8 ol ashe. Her mother GE». B_ 10(100- 3x 3y) END A 20e+ 10) ! ein D iti0o=2.-9) ‘What does your answer represent? : WERE 10, Toe oto ofthe seen 2 61,1, 18, 22, i A 4n-1 i Cc 4n-2 =e Covet nts itn Scanned with CamScanner omunernat mtrt te hon Revision Paper 4 SECTION A L Simplify the following expressions. (a) a+2c+3d+4a+45d (b) 32p - 15p + llq- 15q (©) Ta+4a+2b-b 2. Given that a = 1, b =3 and c = 7, evaluate the following. (a) at+b-c (b) abc © @-b)-@-0o) 3. (a) Expand the following expressions. @ 3Qa+b) ii) -2Gx-4y) (b) Simplify 5(4m + 3n) - (2m +n). 4. Ifa=4 and b = ~2, evaluate the following algebraic expressions. (a) 5(4a + 3b) - 5(2a-b) 4a-3b (>) “oa+b SECTION B 5. Let anumber be n. Write down an algebraic expression in terms of n, for the following statements. (a) Subtract 2 from n. (b) Multiply the resuftobtained in (a) by 3. (©) Divide the sum of n and 3 by 4. (d) Add the product of 5 and n to the square of n. 6. _ Simplify the following expressions, (a) 3p - 24) - Gp-9) (b) @r-3)-S@-1) (© Qs+t-G@-) 1 =iG- @) 4Gr-6)- 76-2) 7. Annis.x years old. Ben is 7 years older than ‘Ann. Calvin is twice as old as Ann, Danny i aD chapter 4 Algebraic Expressions and Manipulation is 3 years younger than Calvin, Wg an expression, in terms of x, for (a) Ben’s age, (0) Calvin's, (©) Danny's age, sil (a) the sum of their four ages, eee Biving answer in its simplest form, & Ifx=-3, = 0 and z = 2, evatuae following. @) () 2-2 © J3x* @) x2-2 SECTION C 9, Simplify these algebraic expressions @ Fa+D ih ) 46-24 Eee-3) Am+3_2m+1 2 3 © 10. Each figure below is formed by sm equilateral triangles of the same size. Figure2 Figure} (a) Draw the next figure. (b) Complete the table below. Linton No. of small triangles in Conoco ae eS (©) State the number of small tate” the bottom layer of @ Figure 10, ii) Figu® o Z (@) Write down the number triangles, in terms of n, in layer of Figure n. Scanned with CamScanner