Aluu!

Hi!

Salut!

Translation:
Techniques and Oi!
Jambo!

Examples
Translating simple and compound sentences into English
By Shofiah Nur Azizah
CONTENTS OF THIS MEETING
Introduction Recalling previous meeting material

Techniques Translation Techniques

Examples The implementation of translation techniques

Translation techniques practice intended to

Exercises
translate simple and compound sentences

Conclusion Overview and summary

¡Hola!
01

INTRODUCTION
Recalling previous meeting
material
Ni hao!
Perhaps, you still
remember about …
What is translation?

Kia Ora!

What is the principles of

translation? Explain!
 Jambo!
02

Techniques
What is the techniques of
translation?
 1. Direct Translation
“The technique is used when
the concepts and structure of
the source language can be
used in the target language” ● Borrowing
● Calque/ loan
● Literal
The Techniques of Translation

2. Indirect Translation
“It is used when the concepts ● Transposition
and structure of the ST cannot ● Adaptation
be translated into TT without ● Compensation
dramatically changing the ● Reduction
style, meaning or grammar”
 1.1 Borrowing Technique
● Borrowing is a strategy used by taking word of the source language in the
target text (Newmark, 1988).
● Other words, borrowing is where words or expression are taken directly from
the source text (ST) and carried into the target text (TT). This technique is
often used when there is no target equivalent, and can help to preserve the
cultural context of the ST.
● For examples:

ST TT ST TT

Mall Mall Batik Batik

Pure Pure
Sandal Sandal Rupiah Rupiah

Caffe Cafe Institusi Institution

Naturalized Naturalized
Lobby Lobi Taksi Taxi
 Translate the sentences below
More examples!
using borrowing technique!
● The skin consists of two main
regions: the epidermis and the
dermis
● Marine mengajak Andre untuk
makan sushi bersama, tapi Andre
ingin belajar biologi saja
The skin consists of two main Let’s try!
regions: the epidermis and the
dermis
Kulit terdiri dari dua bagian :
epidermis dan dermis.

Note: For the text above, the translator translates the word
“epidermis” and “dermis” into “epidermis” and “dermis” as an
appreciation for the text and to keep the contextual meaning of
the text
Marine mengajak Andre untuk Let’s try!
makan sushi bersama, tapi
Andre ingin belajar biologi saja
Marine invites Andre to eat sushi
together, but Andre wants to study
biology.

Note: For the text above, the translator translates the word
“sushi” and “biologi” into “sushi” and “epidermis” as an
appreciation for the text and to keep the contextual meaning of
the text. Then, he/she doesn’t do word by word translation
(ignored “saja”) to get appropriatness.
 1.2 Calque (Loan Translation)
● This is the literal translation of a phrase from one language into another,
coining a new term in the target language (Molina & Albir, 2002).
● For examples:

ST TT

Weekend Akhir pekan

Secretariat general Sekretaris jendral

Vice president Wakil presiden

Skyscraper Pencakar langit

Normal school Sekolah normal

More examples! Translate the sentences below
using calque technique!
● Mr. Jokowi is president, dan Mr.
Ma’ruf Amin is vice president.
● Saya bisa nongkrong di akhir
pekan.
Mr. Jokowi is the president of Let’s try!
RI, dan Mr. Ma’ruf Amin is his
vice president.
Bapak Jokowi adalah presiden RI,
dan wakilnya adalah bapak Ma’ruf
Amin.

Note: For the text above, the translator translates the word “vice
president” by coining the term of wakil presiden to get
contextual meaning of the text. Then, he/she does free
translation.
Saya bisa nongkrong di Let’s try!
akhir pekan.
I can hang out on weekends

Note: For the text above, the translator translates the word
“akhir pekan” by coining the term of weekend to get contextual
meaning of the text
 1.3 Literal Translation
● This technique includes as the translation method focused on the source text
(Machali, 2009).
● When using literal translation, each word is translated directly. This technique
can miss the nuances of the original text, and is only possible with languages
and cultures that are extremely close.
● For examples:
➔ Saya mempunyai sebuah mobil dan motor : I have a car and motorcycle
➔ It’s raining cat and dog : Itu hujan kucing dan anjing → Itu hujan deras
Note: The phrase “cats and dogs” should not be translated into “kucing dan anjing”. The translator
should realize that there is no correlation between cats and dogs with raining because it is impossible
for cats and dogs fall from the clouds, and it makes the target text will be weird.
 Hi!
2.1 Transposition
● Transposition is to change a grammatical
category (Molina & Albir, 2002).
● Translator changes the source text
structure to get an equivalency in the ¡Hola!
target text.
● For examples:

ST : Musical instruments can be divided into two basic groups

Oi!

TT : Alat musik bisa dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dasar

 Another
ST: Buku itu harus kita bawa
TT: We must bring the book
examples!

ST: The explanation differs

TT: Berbeda penjelasannya

ST: Perpustakaan itu telah disahkan penggunaannya dan

orang-orang mengunjunginya
TT: The library usage has been approved, and people visiting it
2.2 Adaptation
● It is used to find the cultural equivalency of ST in the TT (Baker,
1992)
● For examples:
ST : The film swept the world
TT : Film ini mengguncang dunia → swept x menyapu

ST : As white as snow
TT : Seputih kapas → snow x salju
2.3 Compensation
● Compensation is used to introduce a ST element of information
or stylistic effect in another place in the TT because it cannot
be replaced in the same place as in the ST (Molina & Albir,
2002).
● For examples:
ST : a pair of trousers
TT : sebuah celana

ST : Saya mencari anda yang mulia

TT : I was looking for you your highness
2.4 Reduction
● Reduction is also called as omission or deletion. Omission is used by
omitting words of the source text in the target text. In other word, these
parts are not translated into the target language.
● Omission is made because the words are not very important and
difficult to translate.
For examples :
❏ ST: “automobile” → TT: “mobil” (Indonesia)
❏ ST: The month of fasting → TT: Ramadhan
❏ ST: Just and equitable treatment → TT: hubungan yang adil

❏ ST: The proposal was rejected and repudiated

❏ TT: Usulnya ditolak
What did you learn from
the meeting?
Assignment
Creating a
precious memory
by translating a
song :)
Note: Sing the song and create a video
clip using subtitle! Good luck <3
 Aluu!

¡Hola!

THANKS
Jambo!
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