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OC Mathematical Reasoning – Arithmetic

1. In a magic square all diagonals, columns and rows add up to the same number.
What number should replace the question mark in the magic square below?

? 19

11 6

a. 9
b. 10
c. 16
d. 17
e. 18

2. Jennifer rounds the number 64,855 to the nearest thousand and divides it by 50.
What number does she get?
a. 1200
b. 1280
c. 1300
d. 1500
e. 1650

3. How many numbers between 21 and 39 inclusive, are multiples of 3 but not
multiples of 6?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 7
e. 8
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4. Maryellen and Josh are rounding the number 355,769.

Maryellen rounds to the nearest thousand.

Josh rounds to the nearest ten.

What is the difference between their results?

a. 200
b. 230
c. 250
d. 300
e. 330

5. Sajith invented a number system. In his number system, the value represented
by a digit depends on its position. For example, in the number 640, the digit 4
represents a value of 40.

In the number 350,460,231, how many times larger is 3 times the value
represented by 4 than the value represented by 2?
a. 1,290,999
b. 1,380,693
c. 1,199,800
d. 1,400,000
e. 1,420,309

6. How many numbers between 16 and 60 inclusive are multiples of both 4 and 6?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5

7. The following equations use shapes to represent different numbers.

4 + = 51
3 + 4 = 43
+
What is the difference between and
4 ?
a. 6 +
b. 7 4
c. 8
d. 9
e. 10
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8. Isabella round 450,837 to the nearest hundred then multiples the answer by 5
before taking away 6.

What is her final answer?

a. 2,253,970
b. 2,256,309
c. 2,459,686
d. 2,253,994
e. 2,604,000

Answers on the following page

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Answers
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. E
7. B
8. D

Explanations
1. In a magic square all diagonals, columns and rows add up to the same number.
What number should replace the question mark in the magic square below?

? 19

11 6

a. 9
b. 10
c. 16
d. 17
e. 18

Using the numbers on the diagonal (8, 19 and 6) we can calculate the magic square:
8 + 19 + 6 = 33
We can then use this to figure out the number in the bottom left corner:
= 33 − (11 + 6)
= 16

? 19

16 11 6
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We can then use the left-hand column to figure out the value of the ‘?’
? = 33 − (8 + 16) = 9

9 19

16 11 6

Therefore, the correct answer is A.

2. Jennifer rounds the number 64,855 to the nearest thousand and divides it by 50.
What number does she get?
a. 1200
b. 1280
c. 1300
d. 1500
e. 1650

64,855 rounded to the nearest thousand is 65,000.

65,000 6,500
= = 1300
50 5

Therefore, the correct answer is C.

3. How many numbers between 21 and 39 inclusive, are multiples of 3 but not
multiples of 6?
a. 3
b. 4
c. 5
d. 7
e. 8

First list all the multiples of 3 and 6 between 21 and 39 inclusive:

Multiples of 3: 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39
Multiples of 6: 24, 30, 36

Count the number of multiples of 3 that do not overlap with 6. These are 21, 27, 33 and
39.
Therefore, there are 4 in total and the answer is B.
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4. Maryellen and Josh are rounding the number 355,769.

Maryellen rounds to the nearest thousand.

Josh rounds to the nearest ten.

What is the difference between their results?

a. 200
b. 230
c. 250
d. 300
e. 330

355,769 rounded to the nearest thousand is 356,000

355,769 rounded to the nearest ten is 355,770.

356,000 − 355,770 = 230

Therefore, the answer is B.

5. Sajith invented a number system. In his number system, the value represented
by a digit depends on its position. For example, in the number 640, the digit 4
represents a value of 40.

In the number 350,460,231, how much larger is 3 times the value represented by
4 than the value represented by 2?
a. 1,290,999
b. 1,380,693
c. 1,199,800
d. 1,400,000
e. 1,420,309

First, we must calculate 3 times the value represented by 4:

400,000 × 3 = 1,200,000

The value represented by 2 is 200.

1,200,000 − 200 = 1,199,800

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6. How many numbers between 16 and 60 inclusive are multiples of both 4 and 6?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5

First list all the multiples of 4 and 6 between 16 and 40 inclusive:

Multiples of 3: 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60
Multiples of 6: 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 56, 60

Count the multiples that are common between the two: 24, 36, 48, 56 and 60
Therefore, there are 5 in total and the answer is E.

7. The following equations use shapes to represent different numbers.

4 + = 51
3 + 4 = 43
+
What is the difference between and
4 ?
a. 6 +
b. 7 4
c. 8
d. 9
e. 10

If we rearrange the second equation, we get:

3 = 43 − 4
+= 39
Therefore, in order to make the second equation
4 true the circle must represent 9.
39 + 4 = 43

We can apply the same method to the first equation, replacing the circle with 9.
4 + 9 = 51
4 = 51 − 9
= 42

Therefore, the triangle represents 2 and the circle represents 9.

The difference between 9 and 2 is 7, therefore the answer is B.

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8. Isabella round 450,837 to the nearest hundred then multiples the answer by 5
before taking away 6.

What is her final answer?

a. 2,253,970
b. 2,256,309
c. 2,459,686
d. 2,253,994
e. 2,604,000

450,837 rounded to the nearest hundred is 450,800.

(450,800 × 5) − 6 = 2253994

Therefore, the answer is D.