Pole- Zero Diagram Examples: exis Yihd= Byles xEn] - ax{n-2] This is a ay IIR Pilter aah bel, b=0, &=-£ Transforming the difference equation to the # domain: Y@) = a Y(z) + X@)-L2°x(@) (8 32) ¥@)= (4 1#*)X(z) H(@)= va). (=e 2*) _ Gee )0-42") a ome a eae It is highly recommended to inspect H(2) term bby term: gumecator: l+he!= ask : zero ot za-h pole ot 2=0 Note that a zero of the denominator term is a pole of H(z) “oun “ “" ” oon pie pole zero " Inge} Retz} 43a]! zy 2 zeros | _— 2 poles All the poles are within the unit circle. => stableex2: yfo]= o.Sy[n-1]-2x[n-2] @ This is another cousal IR filter with a= 0.5, b,=by=0, and b,=-2. TransRorming the difference equation to the # dornain: Y(2)= 0.52" Y(#)-227X(z) (1-0.82')¥(2)= -227xX(z) —> H(a)= Ye) = =22* x) (l-0.52") Again, inspecting H(2) term by term: numerator : =2_: double zero ot Z=00 * double” pole ot 2=0 4 Z denominator: l-os¢!= 2-05: pole at 2=0.5 = zero ° Note again that Por the denominator, poles and zeros are those of H(z), not the denominator. 2 Zeros 2 poles All the poles are within the unit circle. => stable2x3: yl] = 2x[o]+tx[n+2] This is the difference equation oP a non-cavsal FIR Pilter. Transforming the equotion to the # domain: YC) 2x(z)+$ 2X) Ml I (2+2)x@ 1-261 aeZ aL (yest) = 22 (4e"+1) =. dovble-zero at == 0 double pole ot z=00 ny fe 2 ; ; ; Ae + | = ALE = Gir2)Girz): zero ot 2=+2j =z 3 zero ot z= -2j \mfz} double pole-at == 0 2 zn x(2) ey Rez} 2 Zeros 2 pol a poles stable because FIR « For non- causal FIR systems, the poles at 2-06 do mot disturb stability. FIR systems ore always stable. IIR systems may or may not be stable