ESSeMtal PUL Ue Tuy U4 EDITION FREE puilreut grammar reference pocket auide. PMCS LeThe Pie Basking, Urainpingon Steet, Canbriige CIB? HCl Utes Ki CAMBILIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Fhe Eetrls Ili, Cotbralge €182 2RULUK Ww West 20th Steet, New York, NY LOI L-AZIT, USA 477 Willamsiown oad, Por Melbourne, VIC 3207, Ansan Rose de Alara 13, 26014 Maid, Spi Dock Howse, Ise Waterfront, Cape Tose S001, Seat Aiea Iaspsrswsowscombeidge.ans © Canridpe University Pres 1990, 1997, 1998 "This book i copyright. Subject to seaturoty exception and to the provaions of relevant collective licensing no reprodvetion of any part may take place witht the writen permission of Canbridge University Pros ast published by Cambridge Unwensty Pres 19 Thirteen printing 1996 Second edition 1997 Ninth pring 2000 Frfteenth printing 2003 Printed in Cteat eta by Bemsosetioat, Derby A eataygne rnd for thir bok aaa fo te et fay {SDN 0 521 $5928 6 (with answers) ISHN 9521 88527 8 Goithout anwers) ISI » 521 52932 # Goth answers and CD-RORM)Contents Ta the sunten a the eeacher Thanks Unit to a 18 9 20 21 2 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 BL 32 34 35 36 a7 38 amn/is/are (questions) Tam doing (present continuous) are you doing? (present continuous questions) 1 do/work/like etc, (present simple) Ldon’t ... (present simple negative) Do you... ? (present simple questions) Tam doing and I do. (present consinaous and present simple) Thave ... / T've got was/were worked/got/went ete. (past simple) Tdidn’t... Did you... ? (pase simple negative and questions) Twas doing (past continuous) Twas doing (past continuous) and L did (past simple) Thave done (present perfect 1) Pvejust... T've already... Tha Have you ever ... ? (present perfect 3) How long have you ...? (present perfect 4) for since ago Thave done (preient pesfece) and I did (past simple} n't... yor (present pertect 2) done _ was done (passive 1) is being done has been done (passive 2) be/have/do in present and past tenses Regular and irregular verbs Lused to ‘What are you doing tomorrow? I'm going to... will/sball (1) ‘will/sbsall (2) might ean and could must musta’e needn’e should Thave to... Would you like ...? Td like there is there are there was/were there has/have been there will be IeY 1am [don'teu WW) Have you? Are you? Dow'c you? ct low/either so. am 1 / neither do Fox 42 isn’t haven’ don’tete gneginves HA isit...? have you do they ests 14 Who saw you? Whe did you sce? (questions 2) 45 Who is she talking to? What is i¢ like? (juestious 3) 86 What...? Which ...? How... ? 17 How long dows it take... 2 38 Do you know where ...? I don’t know what ... ote 49 She said that. He told me that 50 work/working go/going do/doing to... (want (0 do) and -ing (I enjoy doing) 2 lwant youto... [told you co Twent to the shop to. go to goon 0 for go -ing get do and make have S38 Vine baesbit — they/tlem eve 59 amy/his/ their eee Whose ths? Its mine/yours/hers ete Vine/my/mine niyself/yourself/ themselves eve ~'s (Ann's camera / my brother's cx!) ete 5 flowers) bus(es) (ingular and plural) 66 a ar / some money (countable/incountable 1) 67 a.car / some money (countable/uncountable 2) G8 a/an and the 8 the 0 go to Work / go home / go to the cinema 71 Ilike music I hate exams 2 the... (names of places) 73 this/thac/these/those 74 onefones 75 some and any 2G not+ any no none not + anybody/anyone/anything —nobody/no-one/nothing 78 somebody /anything/aowles 79 every and all 80 all “most “some any no/none Bi bod either” neither 82 alot much by 83 (a) little (a) fewpoe old/nice/incoresting ex adjectives) quickly /badly/suddenly eee, (seri) old/older expensive / more expensive alkler that more expensive thas BS not as... as 89 the oldest the most expensive 90 enough D1 t00 92 He speales Engtish very well. (word onder 1) 93. always/usually/often etc, (word order 2) 94 still” yet already 95 Give me that book! Give ivto me! 96 atSorelock on Monday — in April 97 from...to until since for 98 before after during — while 99 in at on (places 1) 10 in at on (paces?) LOL to in at (places 3) 102 under behind opposite ete. (prepositions) 103 up over rough etc, (prepositions) 104 on at by with about (prepositions) 105 afraid of... good at... ctc. preposition + ~ing (good at ~ing ete) 106 Tisten to... lookat... ete. (ver * preposition) 107 goin fall of run away ete. (plicasal verbs 1) 108 put on your shoes put your shoes on (phrasal verbs 2) 109 and but or 50 because HG When ILL we go... you see... ete 112 TEThad.. iwe went... ete 113 aperson who... athing that/whieh ... (relative clauses 1) 114 che people we met the hotel you stayed at (relative clauses 2) Appendices Appendix 1 Active and passive 239) Appendix 2 Liscofirregulae verbs 240 Appendixe3 Irregular verbs in groups 241 Appendix 4 Shore forms (he's /Td / don’t etc) 242. Appendix S Spelling 244 Appendix 6 Phrasal verbs (ook out / take offer) 246 Appendix 7 Phrasal verbs + abject (fill im a form / put outa fire etc) 247 Additional exercises 248 Key co Exercises 205 Key co Additional exercises. 293 Index 296To the student working without a teacher) nniar book for elementary studenis of Baghsh, ‘There are U4 unite in he book snd cack unt 1 swat a Uiflegens point of b gists grasa, There asa list of units ac the beginning of the book (Conteme) Do not study all units at order from beginning co end, [tis better to choose the junits thar you rived to do, For example, if yous have # problein svith the present perfect (Ive ven, he has dane ete,), use the fidew {at the back of the book) to fine the unit (or untts) you need to study (Units 15-20 for the present perfec) Each unit is ewo pages. The informacion is on the left-hand pagk are on the ogh and the exercises a Information Execcises ett) ] | | { (righ) | | | You can use the book in this way 1 Look in the Comtents and/or Dudes to find the unit that you need. 2. Sundy the left-hand page (information) 3. Do the exercises on the right-hand page 4 Use the Key to check your answers, 5. Study the left-hand page again if necessary. Don't forget the seven Appendices at the back of the book (pages 239-247). These swill give you inforination about active and passive forms, ieeegular verbs, shore forms, spelling and phrasal verbs. ‘There are also Additional exerses a the back of the book (pages 248-264). Thete is aise of dhese exeteises on page 248To the teacher The most importants features of this book are: © [esa grammar book. Ie deals only with geammmor and is not a general course book © Itixa book far elementary learners. {1 does not co ans not normally |ught a: elemencary level areas of grammar which © Ir can be used for self-study or as supplementary course material Organisation of the book “Theve are 114 unite in the book, each one focusing on a particular area of grammar, The material is organised in grammatical categories, such as tenses, (questions and articles. Units are not ordered according to difficulty, and should therefore be selected and used in the order appropriate for the learner(). The book should not be worked theough feom beginning co end. The units are listed in the Contents and there isa comprehensive Index at the end of the book. Bach unic has the same formar consisting of two facings pages. The grammar poine is presented and explained on the left-hand page and the corresponding exercises are on the right. There are seven Appendices (pages 239-247) dealing wich active and passive forms, iregulae verbs, shirt forms (contractions), spelling and phrasal verbs. [e might be useful for teachets to draw students’ attention to these. ‘This new edition of Essential Grammar in Use also contains sec of Additional xercses (pages 248-264). These exercises provide ‘mixed’ practice bringing, cogether grammar points from 3 number of diferent unies (mainly those concerning vetb forms). ‘There are 33 exercises in this section and there isa ful ise, con page 248 Finally, there is a Key atthe back of the book (pages 265-295) for students to check their answers, An edition without the Key is also available for teachers who would prefer their stdents to use this, Level ‘The book is for elementary learners, i.e. learners with very litle English, but 1 would not expect it to be used from the first day of a course for complete beginners. [eis intended mainly for elementary students who are beyond the very catliest stages ofa beginners’ course. I¢ could also be used by lower interriediate learners whose grammar is weaker than other aspects of their English or who have problems with particular areas of ‘elementary’ grammar. "The explanations are addressed to the elemeAtary learner and are therefore as simple and as shott as possible, The vocabulary used in the examples and exercises bas also been restricted so that the book can be used at this level, Using the book ‘The book can be used by students working aloue (se¢ Ti the student) oF as supplementary course material, In either ease che book can serve as an elementary grumma: book,When used as course ial, he book can be used for immediate consolation oF for Inter revision or semedial work, It might be used by the whole class or by sndividal students needing ext help and practice In somre cases ab may be desirable ts use the fefi-hand pages (pre esplnsctony 4 class, but n should be noged thar these have been 3 individual siudy and reference, In most, es, € would probably be better for the ieacher & present che grammar point in his/her preterred way with the exercises being done for homework. The left-hand page is chen available for later veferenice by the srucien Soune teachers niay preter w keep the book for revision and remedial work. In tus case, snclivieual students oF groups of students can be directed to the appropriate units for self-study and practice, Changes from the first edition | orn ain changes from the first edision are i ee ere ee i | ste2s Basalve Gr belay die? as boo dona] | Unie2s Tele Unies de snd mae Unies? have Unie 112 had. fe we. ee Tbe le’ new appevidbcornesive and Pe Geis (Appevate 1) Some of he material has been revised and reorganised. For example, the content of Units 99-100 (itfat/en) in the new edition corresponds to Unit 94 and part of Unit 96 in the old edition Some units have been redesigned, for exaunple Unit 41 (originally 39) and Unit 54 (originally 52) a different number from the original edison. A few units have been moved to different parts of the book. For example, Unit 50 (wark/working ete.) was | Soni ofie ive bane dey i any sani | Sparunise | @ Many of the left-hand pages have been rewritten and many of the examples changed. In a few cases there are significant changes to the content, for | example Unit 51 (originally 47), Unit 75 (originally 68) and Unit 82 originally 77) Many of the original exercises have been modified ox completely replaced swith new exercises (for example, Units 4 and 5) | © There isa new section of Additional exercises at the back of the book (see Organisation of the book above} anne eeer EnnaThanks For scir nei an producing this mew edition of Essential Chininaran Use, E would ink Jeanne MeCarten, Néirin Burke, Liz Driscoll, Chris Hamilton-Bntety, Geraldine Mark, Jane Walsh, Pam Murphy, Ruath Carin and Lelio Pallini Danwings by Richard Deverell, Richaed Bekford, Sue Hillwood-Harris and Amand MacPhail ook design by Peter Ducker msrp. ©){10} (My Gather is a doctor posi bey es | she bis he's) | | id te € (you're) (they're) © I'm cold. Can you close the window, please? regactve [1 anv woe not | — you bare nor ey) © Pr 32 years old, My sister is 29. © My brothers very tall. He's 2 policeman @ John is afraid of dogs @ It’s ten o'clock, You're late again, © Ann and [are good friends © Your keys are on th ¢ I’m tired bur I'm not hungry. © it's sunny today but chat is there’ © Thank you. T © Look! These’s Chui Hete’s your key! anvis/ace (quesions) = OTE it is’t warm, c's very kind of you. “Thank you! there ivare => [TE here is here's = bere is (Pm non) (e's motor he [Riv fecirespore are acaba and seine "9 [she’s motor she isn’t) (it's mot or itisn’) (we're not or we aren’) (you're wot or you aren'o (@hey'te not or they aren’) Yom isn’t interested in politics. He's interested in music. 1 isn’t at home at the moment, She's ac w hose people aren’t English, They're Australian, aan=> ED| seam at 1 1.2 13 14 18 uxt EXERCISES rite the short form (she's / we aren't ele.) 1 shew she's 3 itis 2 they are 4 charic 6 you ate not Put in-am, is ov are, 1 The weather i$. nive today 5 Look! There Carel 21 noe tired 6 My brother and | good tennis players 3 This heavy. 7 Ann at home, Her children at school 4 These bags heavy. st a taxi driver, My siste ve Write full sentences. Use isfisn'Vare/aren’t, 1 (yourshocs very dirs) Yer shoes are. very dirty 2 my brthera cles) My 2 (dhs house noe very big 4s Ge shops not ope suey) 5 (ary keys in my bag) 6 enay 18 yeas ol) 7 Gu noe very el) Look at Lisa's sentences (Unit 14), Now write sentences about yourselt 1 {name®) My 6 (Eavourite colour oF cola 2 (from) My 3 Gage} 7 interested in,..2) 4 Goby 1 . 5 (married?) 1 Write sentences forthe pictures, Use: afraid angry eold hot hungry thirsty Wie tue sentences, postive or negative. Use am am not /is/isn't/are/ aren't (1 soxerested in politics) 1's interested. (OR I'm nok interested) in politics Gr hungry) Ge/ warm today) Te - (I/ afraid of dogs) (my hands / cold) (Canada / a very big countey) (@iamonds / cheap) (interested in football) @ome / in Spain)am/is/are (questions) jaw | mia | Veseyiicay PR PNG | an | wey t | you tate | [tes | ‘oe © ‘Am Tate?” ‘No, you're on time? © ‘Is your mother avhome?” ‘No, she’s out? © Are your parents athome? ‘No, they"te out! "Is iv cold in your room?” “Yes, a ttle? © Your shoes are nice. Are they new? We say: © Is she me? / Ts your mother at home? (to¢“Ts at home your mother?) © Are they new? / Are your shoes now? (jot ‘Are new your shoes?") Bo Where... 2 / What... ?/ Who ...?/ How ...?/ Why ... ? # Whereis your mother isahe a home? # "where are you Goo?" "Canada © What colour is your car?” “tt red © “How old is Joc?" “He's 24” Flow are fom pea Ars well eowhy ace isa? ‘How snuchave tise panacir "ey pines! Whats whatis who's = whois how's =howis where's = where © Where's jill? © How's your Gather? a “Fras Yes, Lam. | No, Pm not wu sest) (ie 1 hes ie ws sie is | [avd dee J i wo the ian'e f . | i's Lit | dwn werte} ed {3 pare. No{ soot] ‘re } not. or No, 4 you }aren’t. they) hey) | fore! they. @ ‘Are you tired: “Yes, I an "Are you hungry?” ‘No, I'm sot but I'm thirsty! © ls your friend English” “Yes, he is 9 *Are these your keys?” “Yes, they are.’ © That's my seat. ‘No, itisn’e? 2] anvisfare => [EE svetion > EE wharwhickvuow > EE h2 r a24 EXERCISES Find the cight answers for the dea ions, : ni Where's she dancing sit $sitting swim > swimming sunfis/are > EEGEY ate you doing? (questions) = Tain doing sd do OG [ay What are you doing tomorrow? = IEEne 3 3 34 unit ERSISES \What are these people doing? Use these verbs to camplete the sentences ewe have Tie play sit wait 1 She's eating. on apple 4 on the floor 2 He mn forabus 5 breakfast 3 They football 6 oon the cable Complete the sentences. Use one of these verbs build cook go have stand stay swim wore 1 Please be quiee. tm working, 2 ‘Wheres John?” ‘He’ inehe kitchen, He 3 ‘You on iny foot! “Oh, Ti sorry 4 Look! Somebody inthe ew 3 Were here on holiday We acthe Central Hotel & "Where Ann?" ‘She a shower! 7 They new theatte in the city cenere a the moment 8 now. Goodbye, Looicat the picture, Write sentences about Jane, Use She's ing or She isn’t -ing. - thaw (watch television) She's watching televialon {sit Oa the floor) She (cead a book) 1 dinner) _ slang ien't having dinner. 2 3 4 5 play the piano) 6 ? 8 Gaugh) (wear 3 hag) (write a ewer) What's happening at the moment? Write true sentences. 1 (/ wash / my baie) lm not ashing my hair: 2 Ge/ snow) IS Snowing, OR. It ian't showing 3 U/Sit/ ona chair) 4 U/ en) 5 Gt/ rain) on 6 (1 learn / English) 7 (L/ listen / to music) 8 (the sun / shine) 9 M7 weae / shoes) 0 (/ read /a newspaper)are you doing? (present continuous questions) ' | fhe | doing? | doing | | working | | ig { See |e ping Line! | | Seyi | © “Are you feeling OK?" ‘Yes, Ym Gine, diank you © Isiccuming? “Yes, ke an umbrella © Why are you wearing a coat? It not cold. i © “What's Paul doing?” ‘He's reading the newspaper’ : © ‘What are the children doing?” "They're waiching television © Look, there's Sally! Where's she going: © Who are you waiting for? Are you waiting for Sue? Bo Study the word order: is/are + subject + ing Is he working today? Is Paul working today? _ (vot ‘ls working Paul today?) ' Where are they going? i Where are those people going? (not ‘Where ate going those people?’) E kes) No shes Jot o nof (se | seat csp | . tS | |e [No Prac. “fe | | hey're © “Are you going now?" "Yes, Lam. © ‘Is Paul working today “Yes, he is." 9 "Is itcaining?’ "No, it isn't.” © ‘Are your fends staying ata hotel” "No, they aren’t, They'ce staying with me! (16) fom doing = QTE] What are you doing tomocrow? > EEE questions =>EXERCISES | eae) a ae Look atthe pictures and complete the questions. Use one of these: cry eae go laugh look at read 1 (working / Paul /‘today?) 18, Paul working today? 2 what / doing / the children?) What are the chikdren doing? 3 (you / listening / to me?) 4 7 your friends?) 5 ns /elevision / watching?) 6 cooking / Ann?) 7 you / looking /a¢ me?) 8 (coming / che bus?) Write short answers (Yes, fam. / No, he isn’t te.) 1 Are you watching TV? ..No,,{'m not 2. Are you wearinga watch? 3 Are you eating something? 4 sit raining? 6 Are-you feeling well? 5 Are-you sitting on the float?is | do/work/like etc. (present simple) They're looking at their books He's eating an ice-cream, They read a lor He likes ice-cream ‘They read / he likes / L work et. hc present simple Weec/yourthey read like work live watch do _—have | lue/sbie/it reads likes cs doe ber Ihe works / she lives /t rains cr © Lwork ina shop. My brother works in abank. (not ‘My brother work’) © Linda lives in London. Her parents live in Scotland. © Te rains lotin winter. Thave — he/she/it bas: © John has a shower every day. spelling (2> Appendix 5); wes afters /esh /-cli: pass — pases finish finishes watch > watches cy ries: study studies ry 9 aes also. do~sdoss go > goes ‘We use the present simple for things that are ue in general, or for things chat happen sometimes or all che time: 1 ike big cites The shops open at 9 o'clock and elose at 5.30. Tim works very hard, He starts at 7.30 and finishes 2t 8 o'clock in the evening, The Earth goes round she San, We do a Jot of different things in ou fe time. Ie costs a lot of money to stay at luxury hotels always/never/ofien/sometimes/tssually + picsent simple © Suc always arrives ac work eatly. (not Sue arrives always’) © | usually go co work by car but sometimes Fwalke (no! “I go usually’) © Jolia never eats breakfast © “Tom lives near us. We often see him, Tdon't .. (ncgaive) > EF Be you. ? ques always/usually/often tc. (word osde:) => EEL Tam doing and 1 do ~> EID52 54 unit EXERCISES 5 ‘Write these veths + -s ar -es 1 (rend) she reads 4 5 (awe) she 2 (ehink) he 4 ne 6 (Ginish) ie Complete the sentences about the people in the pictures, Use these verbs: eat go five play play sleep aes 1 He plays. che piano 4 noe cennis 2 They ina very bighoue, 5 the cinema aloe 3 alotofftuit. 6 eight hours a aight. Complete the sentences. Use these verbs: boil close cost cost like like meet. open speme teach wash ret PAKS, four languages. LM 2 In Bricain the banks usually 3 9.30 in che morning, 3 The City Museum at S o'clock in the evening 4 Ting isa teacher. She mathematics to young children 5 My job is very interesting. a loc of people. 6 Perce his hair ewice a week 7 Food is expensive, Binion alot of money, 8 Shoes are expensive. They alot of money. 9 Water at 100 degrees Celsius 10 Julia and I are good friends. 1 her and she me ‘Write sentences trom these words. Put the verb in the right form (arrive or arrives etc.). 1 (ahways / early / Sue / arrive) Se alnays. arrives cars 2 (basketball /1/ play / often) Lon 3. (work / Margaret / ard / usually} 4 Genny / always / nice clothes / weat) 5 (dinner / we / have / always / a 7.30) 6 (Gelevision./ Tim f watch / never) 7 lke / chocolate / children / usually 8 Gulia / partes / enjoy / always) ‘Write sentences about yourself. Use always/never/aften/sometimes/usually, 1 Gwarch television) [never watch television. / | usually watch television in the, evening. (etc) 2 (read in BEA) TE scnnn 3. (get up before 7 o'clock) 4 (go co work/school by bus) 5. (dcink coffee) (19)I don’t ... (present simple negative) A. Phe present simple negative i don'trdoesn’t + vet sce : (Conta ¢ )— 3 mygeb._/ TEV (No, thanks.) a don't drink | coffee, She doesn’t drink coffee He doesn’t like his job postive rg i we | do aot J you | dona | work | they like i | do 1a does not (doese’s | —i | 5 © I drink coffee but I don’t drink ta # Suc drinks tea but she doesw’t drink cotlee, © You don’t work very haed. © We don’t watch television very often, © The weather is usually nice, It doesn’t cain very often. © Gesey and Linda don’t know many peo} B Remember Uweryou/they don’t #1 don’t like football. he/sheit doesn’t # He doesn’t like football @ I don't like Fred and Fred doesn’t bike nie. (not “Fred don’t Hike’) # My car doesn’t use much petrol. (not'My car don' use’) # Sometinies he is late but it doesn’t happen very often, C We use don't/doosn' + infinitive (don't like / doese’t speak / doesn't do etc) #1 don't like washing the car, don't do it very often, # Sandra speaks Spanish but she doesn’t speak lealian. (net ‘doesn't speaks’) @ Bill doesn’t do his job very well. (101 "Bill doesn’t his job") © Paula doesn’t usually have breakfast, (not ‘doesn't .. as!) 20} Tde/workslike ce. (presencsimple) mt FEED Do you .? (nesencsimple quesion) =» [TEL poeet 63 65 EXERCISES write the negative 1 i play the pane veey well don’t play the piano very well lane plays the pao very well Jane hey kuow any howe amber: 4 We work veey hal You do the same thing every dy. sata bath every day, Study the inforination and write sentences with like 1 Bul and. Rose like classical, music, Carol V 2 Bill and Rose Carol classical music Write about yourselt, Use: never... or ten... oF don’t... very often (watch TV) | don't watch TV very often. (OR | never... OR | often.) (Go to the theatre) Gide a bicycle) 4 (eatin cesturants) 3. (eave by weain) Complete the sentences. Allaf them are negative, Use don't/daesn't + one of these verbs: coe go know read see use wear 1 Lbuy a newspaper every day but sometimes 1 dant read. i 2 Paul his a car buthe it very offen, 3 ‘They like films but they to the cinema very often 4 Amanda is married burshe ring, . 5 ln “much about polities. I'm not intexesed in i. 6 Icenoc an expensive hotel It mee, much to stay here. 7 Baia lives near us but we him very often, Putthe verb into the correct form, positive ar negative, L Margaget. $P8AKS._ four languages — English, Feench, Germanand Spanish, (speak) 2 1.dan't like. my job, t's very boring, (like) 3 “Where Maren?” ‘I'm soery | » (know) 4 Sue isa very quiet peeson, She ann very mich. (talk) 5 Jim 2 lot of tea It's his fwourite dank. (drink) 6 esnorerve! 1 stl (believe) 7 That's very beautifil piet02€, Tenn it very much. (ike) 8 Mark isa vegetacian, He meat. (eat)ae Do you ... ? (present simple questions) do/does + suber + infinitive [Be [ce work [ide ering? | Ba | yosrgient | iw | sear? [oes | Chis | play | toma Where} do | your parents | Hive? 1 How often, \ fe ie do | you wash | your hie? | does | this word | mean? How much | does | it cost | to fly to Rome? Questions wich always/usually/often r T Be Ty Jeieom iow [pele 7] | | Does | Chris | ofte play | tennis? |__| ae" | you fmt | 80” | stveckente | ‘What do you de? = What's your job? © “What do you do?" “I work ina bank? Remember do I/sve/you/they © Do they like music? does he/shevit © Does he like music? ve, | Meetvouriney do ha [liweryouriney done al he/she/it does | tefshe/it doesn’t. “Bo you play tennis?” "No, don’t! Do your parents speak Fi "Yes, they do? Does George work hacd?” " "Yes, he dees. “Does your sister live in London, ‘No, she doesn’t! Idoswork/tike etc. MH tdow't(ecgsive) > MO questions» IEDa wa 12 73 EXERCISES 7 Write questions with Do ..? and Does ...? 1 1 Tike chocobate. Al play tennis. And you? Toon plays cous, And Ann? You live neat bere. And your friends? ‘You speak English. And your broth 1 do exercises every morning. And y Sue often goes away And Paul? Tyeant oo be famous. And you? You work haed. And Linda? ou? Do you like. chocolate? Write questions. Use the words in brackets (...) + da/does. Put the words inthe right order 1 (where / tive / your parent?) Where. de your parents Live? 2 {you / eatly / always / get up?) Bo you alimays getup earty? 3. thow offen / TV / you 7 watch?) 4 (you / sone / what for dinner?) 5 lke / you / Footbal?) 6 (your brother / lke / football?) 7 (what / you / do / in the evenings?) 8 [your sister / work / vehere?) 9 (fo the cinema / often / you / go! 10 (what / mean / this word?) 11 (often / snow / it / here 12 (go / usually /10 bed / what ime / you?) 15. (how much / so phone New York / it cost) : 14 (you / for breakfast / have / usually / whae?) Complete snc Use these verbs: a do enjoy go.—sidike— start teach work es Als what 2 you do?) [Twork ina bookshop 2 ve | [iwox 3 | wnatcime inthe morning? | | At9 o'clock, 4 on Saturdays? | | Somedmes - 5 How towork? | | Usually by bus 6 | Andyoue husband. What >| | Heva teacher > What >| | Seance, 8 fiajob? | | Yes, be loves Write short answers (Yes, he does. /No, Idan’. etc) 1 Do you watch TV alot? ..Nos.! don't. OR Yes, | de. 2 Do you live ina big city? ... 3. Do you often ride a bicycle? 4 Does icrain alot where you live? 5 Do you play the piano?lam doing and | do . (present continuous and present simple) Leis nt playing But Jim has a gui Ene p gr UA KG eearodh ae Come OO ba als eee na ie pully nos Ny Is he playing the guitar? No, le isn'e, (present continuous) Does be play the guitar? Yes, be does, {pcsens simple Present continuous (L am doing) ~ now, ae the time of speaking I'm doing past. ———_—— sow —— future © Please be quiet. I'm working. (vot ‘Lwork’) © Tom is having 2 shower at che moment. (0% Tom has) © Toke an umbrella with you. I's raining, © You can turn off the television. Una not watching it © Why are you under the table? What are you doing? e © Present sinsple (do) ~in general, all the time or sometimes =< ag ~ past. — — sw ——— tuwe © | work every day trom 9 o’clock to 5/30. © ‘Tom has a shower every morning, © Ierains a lot in winter. © [don’t watch television very often, © What do you usually do at the weekend? ‘We do not use dese verbs in che present continuous (1 am ~ing): Hie love want know understand remember [prefer hate need mean believe forget Use the pevse only with these verbs (I want / do you like: © Lin tired. want co go home. (uos'T'm wanting’) © "Do you know that gisl?” “Yes, out | don't remember her name! © tdon’t understand, What do you mean? te) 1 CEEERD prescusinpte= PEED een force ure =» EEADoes he take phorograplu? Yes, hedges... [she taking a photograph? Ne, he isn't What she doing? e's hawing a bath 2 Isshe deiving a bus? Doss she drive a bus? What is she doing? 3 Does he clean windows? 1s he cleaning s window? ‘What is he doing? 4 Ate they teaching? Da they teach? What do they do? Putin amisiae or doldon'vdoes/doesi’t 1 Excuse me, 42... you speak English? 2 ‘Wheres Ann?’ 'L know! 3. What's funny? Why you laughing? 4 What yout sistec do?” “She's a dentist? 5 tt ining. | wane to go out in the rain, 6 "Where youcame from?” ‘Canada, 7 How much, Sr cost to phone Canada? & George iss good teanis player but he play very often. Put the verb in the present continuous (1 am doing) or the present simple (I do). {Excuse me. D2. YOu. speaK.. (you/speak) English? 2 ‘Whore’ Toma’ * He's having” (e/have) a shower! 3 [don't watch (/not/watch) television very often. 4 Lisen! Somebody (ing). 5 Sandra is tired (Ghe/want) to go home now 6 How often (you/read) a newspaper? 7 “Excuse me bot (you/sie) in my place? ‘Ob, I'm sorry’ 8 I'msorry, (/nor/understand). Can you speak more slowly? 9 I bate, U/go) home now. (you/come) with me? LO Wha time at (your father / finish) work in the evenings? 11. You can curn off the radio. (/nge/lissen) to i 42 ‘Where's Paula’ ‘In the kitchen, minions ~~» (he/cook) something. 13 Martin (not/usually/drive) to work. He (usually/walk) 14 Sue ovens (HOKE) coffee. ~~ (she/prefer) ceaIhave . / I’ve got... \ can say L have or Pve got, he has ot he’s got "ive god | | irene gon | © | have gor | OM2NE 809 they |} | they've got) he | V he's got) jas | OR | she | has gor | Ghe's goo) | ok | Ges got fe got blue eyes, (or have blue cyes.) im has got owo sisters. (er'Tim has nwo sisters.) © One car has got four doors © Diane isn't feeling well. She's yor a headache. (she's got = she has ot) © ‘They like animals. They've got a horse, three dogs and six cats, BB wscanre goes maveyongoma 1 Yes, Ghaven't) | | No, you they Pye gota motor-bike but | haven't got 9 cat Me and Mis Harris haven't got any children, Have you got s camer” ‘No, i haven't "What have you got in your bag?” ‘Nothing, It’s empty? “Has Ann gota car?” “Yes, she has, ‘What kind of ear has she go? © Cj dow’ have / do you have? ce: In negatives and questions you can also use do/does © They don’t have any children. (= They haven't got any children ) © Ics a nice house but it doesn’t have a garden, (= ithasn’t got a garden) © Does Ann have 3 car? (= Has Ai gota en?) © How much money do you have How mech money have you gow) had / didn't have (pa) => IEEE have breskfint have a shower ot. = (STE some/any => EEA we | have, you | haven't has not be | has hase’) the | eee gt 93 34 35unit | EXERCISES ‘Write the short form (we've got /he hasn't got ete) 3. chey have wo > he has goa 4 she bas nor gor it 1 we have yor We've, got 5 ie has gor 6 Thave nor gat 2 Waite questions. 2 (you /3 passport?) 3 (your father / 3 1 (Carol / many friends?) | | L (you / an umbrella?) Haxe you. got an umbrella? | i 2 5 [you / any brothers or sisters?) 6 (how much money / we?) 7 (what / kind of eat / Joli?) 92 Whathas Tina got? ‘What have you gat? Look atthe information and write sentences, about Tina ane vyourseit 1 (veamera) _. Tha. has, gpk, a camera.,._\'ve, gob (OR haven't got) a. camera, 2 (abieyele) Tina 3 (long hai) 4 (orachees/sisters} £94 Putinhave got (‘ve got), has got ('s got), haven't got or hasn't got Sarah Hasn't. got... y car. She goes everywhere by bicycle. 2. They lke animals, They "#8 $96... chree dogs and ewo cats. 3. Charles isn't happy. Hle 3 lor of probtems 4 They don’ read much, They tlany books. 3 ‘Whats wrong?” Sorncting in my eye? 6 ‘Wheres my pen? ‘Tdon'c know £ ie 7 alia wants to go tothe concert but she a icker 8.5 Complete the sentences. Use have/has got ar haven’ hasn't got + one ofthese: alotetttiends fourwheck silegs ehesdsche a toothache a key much time eogeielen 1 Von not feeling very well, I've gob & Headache, 2 Itsanice house but it hasn't got a. garden, 3 Mose ears 4 Everybody likes Tom. He 3 Cmgoing to the dentist this morning, { 6 Hecan'topen the door. He 7 Aninsect 8 Wemust huery. We (2)Ac mi wasn't hase night he work He was it bed He was asleep © Tam tired. (now) was tired last aight @ Where is Ain? (row) “Where was Ann yesterday? © The weather is good tociy. ‘The weather was good last week are (present) were (past) © You are late. (no) You were lite yesterday. © They uten’t here, (20) They weren't here last Sunday. B positive sepative weston t 1} Foy 1 f Tr be jhe was noe | he? she | she | (wasn’t) was | she? it t | ie Powe Pe [wer | were you | Were not were | you? } Lahey [they Last year Rachel was 22, so she is 23 now: When [ was a child, I was afraid of dogs We were hungry after the journey but we weren't red The hotel was comfortable but it wasn’t expensive, © Was the weather good when you were on holiday? © Those shoes are nice. Were they expensive? @ Why were you late this morning? CC shor ansters | (a oats were) |S arnmnay ara “Were you lite?’ “No, I wasn't” “Was Ted at work yesterday?” "Yes, he was # “Were Sue and Steve at che party?” ‘No, they weren't! (23) amfis/are > (EERE Iwas doing > TIE 10. 10,ERSISES George nas. in bed. 4 Carol and Jack 5 3 Sue {0.2 Putin amjisiare (oresent) or wasiwere (past, 1 Last yearshe 884. 22,0 she 48.23 nove . 2 Today the weather ance, buc yesterday ie soey cael 34 hungry. Can Ihave something to eat? 4 eel fine chis morning batt ‘ery tied last nigh 5 Where yout 11 o'clock lst Friday morning? & Don'cbuy those shoes. They very expensive 7 Llike your neve jackee seexpensive? 8 This time lee yeat Conon Pari 9 Where the cildsen®” ‘I dou't know. They in the ganien ten minster apo) +f 10.3 Putinwasiwere orwasm’tiweren't 1 We weren't happy with the hotel, Que room W4S. very small and it .W45M'E.. very clean, 2 George ax work lst week because he il, He's better nove 3. Yesterday ncn 8 public holiday 30 the shops closed. They're open tod. 4 Sue and Hil atthe party? “Sve there but Bill : 5. ‘Where are muy keys?" “t don't know, They nun o1 the table bu they're not there now 6 You athome last night. Where you? \write the questions. Use the words in brackets (...} in he correct order + wasiwere, 1 (4 7 (aa ma ) (ha bere so late Be org? | 2 | Gea / your ear) _ wo No, it was easy | 2 | Gast wecc where / Ana and Che) | | Lab they were an hots oo Lb sey ponds | 5 | ngry? you / yey? wi M1 | 6 | (nice / the weather / last week?) || | sania He Yes, it was beautiful, | (29)(30) worked/got/went etc. (past simple) | They watch — television every evening fpesen They watched ‘clevision yesterday evening, (ast simple) L/we/yousthey ed | \ be/shest L___Aefshefin |] t 2 The past simple soften -ed (gular vrs). For example work — worked clean — cleaned start — starced 18 say stayed arene parrived dance danced © L clean my eeth every morning, This morsing | cleaned my cect © Yestesday itesined all morning. Itstopped at unchtime. Terry worked in a bank from 1986 to 1993, © We enjoyed the party last night, We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people ‘The party finished at 9 dnight Spetting (=> Appendix 5) ty ied study studied copy > copied Stop stopped plan —> planned Some verbs are irggnier (= not regular). The past simple is wot ~ed, Her are some important inmegular verbs (ce also Appendix 2-3) begin began] fall > fell ewe — left Vsell > sola break broke find found lose dost si sat bring brought | fly flew make made sleep slept build buile forget forgot | meet met speak — spoke buy bought | ger got pay paid sand stood catch caught | give gave | pur — put take took: come came go went read read /red/*! do. did hove had [npg rang |duink drank eae heard sy said ext ate know knew see saw nd tell told think thought woe wrote * promniaton © 1 usually get up early but chis morning I got up at 9.30, © We did 2 lot of work yesterday. " © Caroline went to che cinema theee times last week. @ Jim came inio the room, took off his coat and sat down, was/were > PEE, tide. / Did you... aggasve and questions) =» EE) ago > EEREunr EXERCISES 4 1 Complete the sentences. Use one af these verbs inthe past simple: clean die enjoy finish happen open rain staré stay want F eleaned sayy qoorh thive ines yesterday 2 Tewas hot in the rein, su f the window 3. The concert 307.30 and ae 10 o'clock. 4 When [was child, f to be a doctor 5. The accident lace Sunday afeeenoon 6 eb a mice day roday bur yesterday's all dy. 7 We four holiday last year. We 1a very nice place 8 Ann’ grandfather when he was 90 years ole rite the past simple of these verbs. + ger ge 4 pay 7 go 10 now 2 see 5 int 8 think 1 pur 3 play 6 buy 9 copy 12 speak Sead about Lisa's journey to Madrid. Put the verbs in the correct form, Last Tuesday Lisa (1) flets, from London to Madrid. She () wp | Fi gec xesix o'clock an the morning and (3) acup ofecaffee. Ac6.30 | have she (4) home and (5) to the airpore, When she | leave, drive 6) “she (7) che eat and then (€) to the aitport | aevive, patk, go eafe where ste (9) oo-nnn. breakfast, Then she (10) through | have, go passport control and (11) for her Hight. The plane (12) | wait, depace ‘on time and (13) in Madrid ewo hours later. Finally she acrive ag) taxi from the aieport to her hotel in the centre of Madrid. | take ‘rite sentences about the past (yesterday /last week etc.) 1 Jim ahwnys goes to work by can Yesterday .e,duent, b,mork by car . Rachel often loses het keys. She ween last eek Kate meets her friends every evening, She yesterday evening. Losuilly buy two newspapers every day. Yesterday 1s We usvally goto the cinema on Sundays. Last Sunday we eat an orange every day. Yesterday I 7 Tom always has a shower in the morning, ‘This morning he 8 Oue friends come co see us every Friday. They last Friday Write sentences about what you did yesterday. \ played, volleybal. yesterdayA Ididn’t... Did you... ? (past simple negative and questions) We wse did in past sinjile negatives and questions: | | ease (aah | j= | , hfe | do | | do | 3 Le |e | | | do/does (present) —> did (past) @ I don’t watch television very often @ | dida’t witch selevision yesterday, @ Does she often go away? © Did she go away last week? We use did/didn’t + ayinitie (watch/play/go etc) Iwatched bur dida'e watch (soit didn't watched’) they went did they go? (uot ‘did chey went?) he had he didn’t have you did did you do? © [ played tennis yesterday but I didn't win, '® ‘Did you do the shopping? ‘No, I didn't have time! © We went to the cinema bur we didn’t enjoy the film Study the word order in questions did 4 subject + infinitive [Bid | you phone Whar | did do lay evening’ | dow | aia happen [waere | aia eo for thet holiday? shor answer [. ] eerjourthey | [Ti ] ca | Weeryourtiey |g | Wesiyourthey | Gian [ee IaGA | aia || Nog ee | aide | @ ‘Did you sce Joc yesterday?” “No, I didn’t? © ‘Did it rain on Sunday? "Yes, it did. © ‘Did Helen come to the party?” ‘No, she didn't? © ‘Did your parents have 2 good holiday?” worked/got/went ct (pat sinple) => DED "Yes, they did? 124 a 12 12. [12EXERCISES 12 ‘Complete these sentences with he ver inthe negative, Taone Barbara bue (didn’t 3¢@ jane, 1 2 ‘They warked ony Manday but they on Tuesday. 4 We went ca the pos ullige but we to the bank, She hacl a peu bur she any paper § Jock did Prenel ac school buc he German, Write questions with Did ..? 1 I vatched TV Lise night, And you? Did. you wach TV. ast night? 2 Tenjoyed the party. And you? Thada good holiday. And you? 1 1 finished work eatly. And you? 5 Lslepe well asc night. And you? What did you do yesterday? Write positive or negative sentences 1 (watch TV) | watched. TV. OR | didn't watch TV 2 (getup before 7 o'clock) 3 thave a shower) 4 (buya magazine) 5 (eat mext) 6 (goto bed before 10.30) Waite 8's questions. Use: arrive cost go go tobedlate happen have a nice time sey win [1 AL We went to New York last month, 5 A; We came home by tax B: Where did. you, stay? B: How much ? A: With some friends A Ten pounds 2A: Cas Inte dhis morning, Pm red this morning, What ime Half pase nine. Waban deep vey” | 1 played tennis this afternoon, We went to the beach yesterday i A a B Az No, I lost A B: & i >| B - Ac Yes, it was great. 4 A: Thada nice holiday. 8 A: The window is broken, - Good. Where ann? |B: How ? | To the mouncains. A: Idon't know, Put the verb inthe correct form — positive, negative or question, 2 We went co the cinema bat the film wasn't very good. We . didn’t eniey. ie. (enjoy) 2 Tim some new clothes yesterday ~cwo shits, ajacketand a pullover (uy) 3 yesterday? "No, it was mice day! (ein) 4 The pany wasn't wery good 50 me : ong. (ay) 5. Tewas very warm im the toom, 101 Ta window. (pen) 6 ‘Did you go tothe bank this morning?” “No, t i. time (have) 7 “Tout my hand this morning” “How what?” (do)| was doing (past continuous) . Sarah is a bosie She is watching television, Ard o'clock # She was at tk She was playing tennis She wasti't watching television she stopped playing sit _ se esto j 1 { 1 was [doing | | be fwsenct | doing was |#© | doing? | watching | | she | Gras") | watching | she | watching? | pling to [paying ix_| playing? [nt =] pains Toe) tuning? were | living ou | wore nee | Hiving were | you | living? aie | | they |oreren’o |” ter yi they_| over te they au © What were you doing at 11.30 yesterday? Were you working? @ “Wha did he say?” “‘Tdon's knew: | wase't listening! © Ic was raining, so we didn’t go out © Io 1985 we were living in Canada, © “Today she’s wearing a skirt, but yestexcay she Was Wearing «ousers & woke up early yesterday, It was a beautiful morning. The sun was shining and the birds were singing. Spelling (ive ~ living / run running / lie lying ete.) = Appendix 5 | am/is/are + ing cent) ~9 was/wore + ~ing, (past) © (mn working (now Iwas working a¢ 10.30 fast night. © Irisn’t raining (now) Ie wasn’t raining when we went out, © What are you doing (now)? What were you doing at three o'clock? was/oeore = was doing snd {did (pst continuous and spl) => EEE' \ I : ner 13 EXERCISES ‘Look at the pictures. Where were these peopie at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon? And what were they doing? Write twa sentences for each picture Hyvateh flay Iris ear /deive "| wait fora eain 1 Ann was at home. She nas watching TY. 2 Carol and Jacke They 3 Tom 4 6 And you? L 1 Av9.45 She. was, washing her car, 4 At12.50 2 ACL AS SHE ven 5 Ath IS 3 Ac9o'elock 6 Ac10,30 Complete the questions. Use was/were -ing, Use what/where/why it necessary. _ eecasises — — a 1 | (yourlive) Where were you living. in 19907, In London, oe | | 3 | Gain) ‘when you got up? | 4 | (ana/ dive) : so fist? | | Because she warin a hucry 5 | Clim/weas) nn asvityeserthy? No, T-shirt and jeans. Lookathe picture, You sw Joe in he street yesterday attermoon. What was he doing? Wate postive or nagatve sentences. (wear /ajacker) He wasn't wearing a jacket (carry / bag) {go / t0 the dentist) {ent /an ice-cream) (carry / an wmbcells) (go / home) (ovear 72 bat) {fide / a bievele)as doing (past continuous) and id (past simple) 14 He stopped reading. He answered the phone. What happened? ‘The phone rang. (past simple) ‘What was Jack doing when the phone rg? | os tinaous) He was reading a book } (past continones What did le do when the phone rang? \ : He stopped reading and answered che phone, { (Pes 8p) Jack began reading bgfore the phone rang, So: When the phone rang, he was reading, the Gegan [the hone ] [he stopped he answered reading rang feading the phone « frame simple past eomtinns What did you do yesterday morning? | f | © A: What were you doing a 10 30° B: We played tennis, (from 10 to 11.30) B: We were playing tennis beginin ond beginaing (1 e'elock (11.39) || aoo'siocky ee t oe | sims | (complet aetion) ® Jack read a book yesterday. (= fom. | | | @ Jack was reading a book whea the phone rang | @ Wore you watching television whea 1 phoned you? @ Te wasn’t raining when | got up ‘beginning to end) ‘watch the film on television 2 © Iedida’t rain while we were on holid © | started work at 9 o'clock and finished at 4.30. At 2.30 | was working, © Itwas raining when we went out. (= it started raining before we went out) @ I saw Lucy and Steve this morning. *They were waiting at the bus stop. @ Jenny fell asleep while she was reading, 6] 1 did (pase simple) => Tae doing (os consnuoss) > EEOREY while > EET IEXERCISES 46 Cook ati 142 Opes => Bree jeture The tain Gornive) at che station and Paula (ger) off. Two Miends ofhers, John and Jenny, meet ier. (aig) to Yesterday Soe es (walk) slong the voad when she (eneet) Jin (go) co the (carry) a bag, (0p) 0 He station ¢0 Hf They talk for s few minutes Put the verb into the past continuous ar past simple What Were, you doing... (you/do) when the phone [was watching (watch) television, Was Jane busy whien you went to see her? Yes, she Whar cime rang (cing)? (oundy). (he pose / arrive) dis morning? l (eome) while f (have) breakfas. Was Margaret at work today? No, she (not/gq) to work. She was il, How fast (you? drive) when che police em (stop) you? { don’t now exactly but | (not/deive) very fas --- (your team / win) che football match yesterday? No, the weather was very bad, 80 We ww {nor/play) How (you/break) the window? We (play) football. | {ele the ball ane ie - (oi9 the window (vou/see) Jenny last night (wear) a very nice jackes. (you/do) at 2 o’clock this srocning? (ose) my key last night. (you/get) into your roam? Hl (limb) in through 3 window.o Jy UU They are at home. They are going out. They have gone out. (© they are not at home new) hhas cleaned / have gone eu. isthe presenr perfor (have + past participle): | cleaned. 1 cleaned? | | finished | have J | finished? | } repufar verbs ie ___bihey Hose |} Jone ie || tonet irregular verbs ‘Regular verbs: The past participle is -ed (the same as the past simple) ‘lean > have cleaned finish —» we have finished start she has started | Hrgule verbs: The pase participle issomessns the same adhe past simple and sometimes Glfferent (=? Appendix 2-3). For example the same: bay bought / I have bought have > he had / he has had dtiffeent: break [broke / I have broken see > you saw / you have seen I Gl it fell / ithas fallen, go they wont / they have gone ‘We use te present perfect for an action isthe past with a result now: © (ve lose my passport. (= Ican’t Gnd my passport sex) ‘Where's Linda?’ “She's gone to bed.’ (= she is in bed now) “We've bought a new car. (= we have anew car now) Its Rachel’ birthday tomorcow and [ havent bought her a present, “Bob is on holiday’ ‘Oh, where has he gone?” ‘Can ] take this newspaper? Have you fished with it? present perfect = present perfect and pas simple =? QQQEN) —isvegube verbs => 18 %18.2 EXERCISES Look atthe pictures, Wat has happened? Choose from goto hed cleamhisshoes stop raining close the door fall down He has cleaned his shoes 6 Complete the sentences wih aver from the fit. break buy decide finish forget go go invite see not/see take tell 1 ‘Can U have this newspaper?” “Yes, I@ finished. with ic 24 some new shoes. Do you want to see them? 3 ‘Where is Liz?” ‘She out I'm looking for Paula you hee? 5 Look! Somebody chat window. 6 "Does Lisa know that you're going away?” “Yes, | her 7 Vcan't find my umbrella. Somebody i 8 I'm looking for Sarah, Whee she 9 Lnow that woman but I sn her name, 10 Sue is having a party tonight, She wn. a lor of people, 11 Whar are you going vo do? you = ? 12 "Where are my glasses?” ‘Cdon't know. T them 39)I've just... I’ve (present perfect 2) ‘They have just arrived. Tve aleeady .. Thaven’t ... yet / Have you ... yet? y ntil now You can use yet in megative sentences and 4 already... Ihaven't... yet just = a shot tine a © A: Ate Diane and Paul here? B: Yes, they've just arrived. © A Are you hungey? 3: No, Pye just had dinner © AL Is Tom here? B: No, I'm afiaid he’s just gone. (he has just gone) already = before you expected / before { expected © A: What cime are Diane and Paul comis B: ‘They've already arrived, (= before y expected) nine o'clock and Ana has aleeady gone before | expected) © As Jobn, this is Mary. B: Yes, | know. We've already met. stions. Yet is usually af the end. yet in negative sentences © A: Are Diane and Paul here? 1: No, they haven't arrived yet (bat B expects Diane and Paul to arrive soon) © A: Does John know that you're going away? B: No, [haven't told him yet. (but B is going to tell hin soon) © Margaret has bought a new dress but che hasn"e worn ityet. yet in questions: © A: Have Diane and Paul B: No, not yet. We're still w ived yor? g for them. © A: Has Linda started her new jab yet? B: No, she starts next week. © A: This is my new dress, B: Oh, its nice. Have you worn it yet? procnt pecfect => PIERRE) word onler=+ IEG still, yet and aleeady —> EOE 6.41 164 18s tesEXERCISES 16 White a sentence with just tor each pict They've just arrived. 3 They 2 He -! 4 Therace Complete the sentences. Use already + present pertect, ese eee L_, 1 ‘What tine is Paul arriving? He's already arrived. | 2 | Do Sue and Bill wane co see the film? | No, they nn. it. 3 Don’ forget to phone Tom. | {1 | : When ieMarsn goings? |_| He | 5) geywewnnenattenewpaa? | [1 6 |_whendocrtindsacthernewren? | [ Ske \Writea sentence with just (They've just... She's just. etc.) or a negative sentence with yet (They haven't... yet/ She hasn't... yetete.) / ou) She Hasn't gone out yee CLE) afe afew ‘tes ago | eeterage 7 fis Fee dinaes)| | Gt stop / ning) ios Worite questions with yet, 1 Your frend has got» new job. Peshaps | she has sareed it. You ask bec | Have you started your mews jeb yet? 3. Your friend muse write a letter. Petlips she has written ie now. You ask her 4 “Tom was uying o sll his car Perhaps he thas sold ic now. You ask a friend about Tom: 2 Your friend has some new neighbours Perhaps he has mee them. You ask him[42] wo Have you ever ... ? (present perfect 3) (Have you been co Keume? ave you ever ~ S, been tofapan’ > No, {'ve never been co Japan. _ ‘We use the prowit peers (have been / have had / have pl yyedl ef.) when we tak abouta time feo the past uatil now ~ for example, a person's be: 1a iSu HSNO REE | = fi fe psstunion = ——| past —_—_—_— —— © “Have you been to Feance?” (ia your Ife) ‘No, Uhaven’t? @ Pve been to Canada hut Thaven’t been to the United States & Mary is an interesting person. She has had many different jobs and has lived in many places. © ve seen that woman before but [ can’t remember where, © How many times has Brazil won che World Cup? © ‘Have you read this book?’ "Yes, I've read it twice’ (twice = wo tines) present perfect + ever (in questions) and never: © ‘Has Aun ever been to Australia?’ "Yes, once! (ones @ “Have you ever played golf?” “Yes, ] often play golf? ® My mother has never travelled by air @ I've never ridden a horse © Who is hat man?” ‘T don't know: ['ve never seen him before? cone time) gone and been Cont Bi 00 weeks later (Helo, Bil = has gotte to Spain Bill has been to Spain, i he is in Spain now) (= he went to Spain bot nou he i back) ‘Compare: © [can't find Susan. Where has she gone? (= Where is she now?) © Oh, hello Susan! [ was looking for you, Whece have you been? prooet perfect = EIEEERAEAPTG present povfee and por nope = INE M2 Cfeaenae’ § ie Wa4 feos 17.2 73 14 unr EXERCISES 17 You are asking Helen questions veginining Have you ever ... 2 Write the questions, fs ne Yes, nuauy times. | | | 1 [London Have goa ever been ta London? 2 | (phy / gol) .Haxe: you ever played. golt? 3 | (australis?) Have 4 5 No, neve Gove / your passport?) (By /in a helicopeer?) Ves, once, No, never | (cat / Chinese food) Yes, a feo eiane 7 | (New York?) - 8 [sic / abus?) Yes, owice No, sever Yes, once (break / your leg?) ‘Write sentences about Helen. (Look at ner answers in Exercise 17.1.) 1 (ew York) Helen has, been to. New York twice 2 (Australis) Helen 3. (Chinese food) 4 (rive /a bus) ‘Now write aout yourself, How often have you dane thes things? (New York) | - 6 (phy tennis) 7 (hy /ina helicopeer) 8 (be / late for work or school) Mary is 65 years old. She has had an interesting life. What has she done? allover the world lot of interesting chings many-differentjobs «loc of imeresting people ten books snatried three times She. has had. many different, jobs She Put in gone or been 1. Bills on holiday at the moment. He's GOR... co Spain: 2. ‘Where's Jill?” “She's not here. [think she's to the bank: 3. Hello, Sue. Where have you 2 Have you to the bank? 4 "Clave you ever to Mexico?” *No, never! 5. My parents aren'cat home this evening, They've - out 6 There’ a new restaurant in cown. Have you wie 7 Ann koows Paris well, She's there many times. 8. Helen was here earlier but I think she’ nowaay How long have you ... ? (present perfect 4) Il is omy holiday in Treland, She is there now She arrived ut irehind on Monday Today is Thursday How long has slte been in Leland? wince Monday. ~ oi | for three days She fas heen i | (Compare is and has beer is = present Jose ig ‘4s singe/Monday-: | ses At ee Monday fi) Thursday Compare: present pefet simple (have been/have lived/have known [ Mack and Liz are marvied ‘They have been married for five years (not They are married for five years") Are you nucried? How long have you been niarried? | Do you know Sarah? How long have you known her? {not"How long ace you accied”) (uot How long do you know her?) | know Sarai Pye known her for a long time. (oot ‘T know lact for") Linda lives in London. How long has she lived in London? i She has lived chere all her life | thave a car How long have you had your car? l T've had ie since April | present comtimioies present perfect continuous (have been + ing) [ives faeniag-Genas, Howloug have yor Gem learaing.cerman ] | ot ‘How long are you learning German?’) | Uwe been learning German for to years. | | David is watching TV. How long has he boen watching TV? Se ET aacesoumn. | Tes rainin| Ivs been (= Ic has been) raining all day. 12 10.318.4 untr EXERCISES Complete these sent aces 1 Jillicin hospi, She has bean » hospital site Monday 1 Rave. known, 2 know Sar si i Femi we aurned The srtied Sines 198 | Brian will, He 5 Welive in Seou Road. We there for cen years 6 Catherine works ina bank. She. ina bank for five years Aaa Ins a headaclre, He h 8 Povlearning English, ( Ltr dhe last few days Make questions win How tong . vf Jilison holiday. } ig has she, been on holiday > a] 2 | Mike and judy arein Brazil. || How tong > 3 T know Margaret. | How long. you > | 4 | Diana is learning festian > 5) My brother lives in Canada, | | > | Vina cencher Icis taining. Look atthe pictures and complete the sentences, Your sentence must end with one ofthese: for ten minutes all day all her life fortemyenrs since he was 20 They have been marvied. for ten years She They. The sun She He since Sunday Whict is right? 1 Mark is/ has been in Canada since April 2. Jone isa good friend of pune. | know / h 3 Jane isa good Giend of mune. | know 4 "Sorry I'n late. How long ave you / 5. Martin works / has worke is rignt Known her very well / Chave known her for a Jong time. we you been waisng? ‘Nor long, Only f ina hocel now. He likes lus job very much, 6 Linda is reading the newspaper. She is / has been teading. ic for two hours 7 ‘How long do you live / have you lived in this house?” “Aboucten years! 8 ‘Iethatan "No, Ihave / Ive had ehis coat for a lang time’ 9 Tom is / has been in Spain acthe moment. He is / has been there for che lase thee days(46) A for since ago for and since We use Hor andl since 10 53 for three days © Jil ism freland, She has been there | ce Monday We tise for * a period of time (three days | We use since + rhe siart of the period two years cc) | (Monday / 9 o'clock et) seater aa | | monday —> Tuesday —> Wacasday <—tetimeaiy ——+| | ince Monday | mo | Di | ~ — br | —~T past ow ast sow { if ~ [ ahaee days commu | | | Monday Wednesday | an hour two hours |) | go'etock 12.30 aweck four weeks 24 july Chistonas 2 month six months | January Cwas ten years old five years 2 long time 1985 swe acrived Seite © Richard has been in C months, (jot ‘since six months’) © We've been wait © Richard has been in Canada since January. (= from January to now) We've been waising since 9 o’clock, (= from o'clock to now) | © I've lived in London since I was ten 1 years old. for two hours (not ‘since two hours’) © I've lived in London for a long time. ago ago = before now: Susan started hee new job three weeks ago. (= three weeks before now) ‘When did Ton go ove" “Ten minutes ago’ (= ten munutes before now) Vhhad dinncr an hour ago Life was very dierent a hundsed years ago. “We use ago with che pas (started/did/tad/was ci) Compase age and for: © When did jill arrive in Irland? She arrived in Leeland three days ago. © How long has she been in Ireland? She has been in [zcland for three days. present pevlect * for/since = [IIR teow /enti/sinee/for > IRE for and ducing > CED 19 19 19EXERCISES 40 19 Write tor or since Jilleas been in fecland $e. Monday ' 2 jillhas been in freind 4° —doree days 3 “My auit bas lived in Austin 5 ye 4 Margaret is in Ler office. Site has been caere 7 o'elock. 5. India has been aa independent county 1947 6 The bus is late, We've been wasting sasutes 7 Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years 8 Mike has been il s longane. He has heet in hospcal Octotser Answer these questions. Use ago ‘When was your last meal? Three hours ago. ‘When was che lasc time you weee ill? ‘When did you last go co the cinema? ‘When was the last ume you were in a car? ‘When was the last time you went on holiday? Complete the sentences, Use the words in brackets (..) + for ar aga 1 Jillarrived in freland Mire daws ago 2 Jillhas been in leetand flr Bhree- dus. (cheee days) 3 Linda and Frank have be married (20 years) 4 Linda and Prank got married sac ono (20 years) 3 Dan acrived -- 6 We had lunch 7 Silvia has been learning English 8 Have you known Liss 9 Thought these shoes {three days) - (cen minutes) fan hour) {ix months) G long time) (a fow days) Complete the senténces with for or since 1 Jills in Greland now. She arrived there three days ago. She,has been there. for three days 2 Jack is here. He aerived here on Twexday | Fle has 3 Tesraining, Iestarted an hourago. [es been i Tknow Sue. [first met Sue tor years ago. I've 5 havea camera, [bought icin 1989. I've 6 They are mactied, They got married six months apo. They've - 7 Lin isstudying medicine at university She started three years ago. ‘She has 8 Dave plays the piano. He starced when he was seven years old Dave has ‘Write sentences about yourself. Begin withthe words in brackets (...]- ve lived) 2 (Ive been) 3. (Pve been learning) 4 (ve known) 5. (ve had) "(a3) | have done (present perfect) and I did (past simple) With a finished vie (yes terday / last week cic), we vse the pas arrived /saw/was ir) past siviple + finished tune r ist ia 1 | _~ Sasi 1 | Finstiea time | | Weartived | na eclock, | |. slimentisaps | jase’ | ot |_| sont ago. | i past Do wot use the present perfect (have arrived / have done / have been cic} with a finished bine: © I saw Paula yesterday. (nut { have seen’) @ Where were you on Sunday afternoon? (not “Where have you beet’) fe We didn'e have » holiday last year. (not We havent had’) © "Whar did you do last night” ‘I stayed at home” William Shakespeare lived from 1564 to 1616, He was a wtitet, He wrote many plays and poems. Use the past simple o ask When ...? or What time .. ? @ When did they arrive? (or When | rave they arrived?) Bo Compire: eset perfect @ i have lost my key. (eT can’ find it vow) © Bill bas gone home. (= he isn’t here nou) @ Have you seen Ann? {= where is she now?) | pas simple | © Bost my key last weeks. | past © Have you ever been to Spain? 9 Did you go to Spain last year? (= in your life, unal new] o Symes Bete mien | @ Suess wrote many an poems. ‘The leer didn’t arrive yesterday. We lived in Glasgow for six years but now se ve in Singapore. many books @ The letter hasn't arrived yer. © We've lived in Singapore for six years (= we live there now) pa sinple => EMPRESA] presen petece = SETI aunt EXERCISES 20 Use the words in brackets (..)to answer the questions. vf Have you seen Ane? | ((Ssninaresayo) | Yee | som her 5 minules, ogo.) 2: | rea ainatietel Fe Rega dantwweeh) | Yer! Tase week ‘| Vas Satan gore away? | | fonbriday) | Yer 5 (Have you worn yournew shoes? | {__ Gestetay) | ¥ Fight ar wrong? Crrect the verbs that are wrong (The verbs are underlined) L I've Jose my key. Ecan’e Bind ic RIGHT, 2. Hlave you seen Ann yesterday? WRONG. Did yo see 3 Te finished my work at2o'clock 4 Pav ready now Uve finished my work 5. Whac me have you finished 6 Sue isn't here, She’ gone out 7 Jims grandmother as died in 1989 8 Where have you been st night? Putte ver inthe present pertect or past simple | My fiendisa weiter, He has written. (wricéy many books 2 We didn't have. (noe/have) a holiday last yeu 31 (play) tennis yesterday afcenoon 4 Whee ime {you/ go) « beat low night? 5 - (you/ever/meet) a fos person? 6 The weather (f0t/be) very good yesterday. 7 My baicis wet. 1 (just/wash) ie at “(ras my isi Gefore breakfast this morning 9 Kathy travels a tot She aeons (Vit) any cOuntTies, if TeSonia eee” No she (not/eome) yet! Put the verb in the present pertetor past simale 1 A; Have. you. ever been (you/ever/be) | 3 Rose works ina factory. She } to Florida? (work) these 8 six | B: Yes, we. WERE. (go) there on holiday | months, Hefore that she ‘two years ago. | (be) a waitress in a restaurant. She | A {you/tave) | “ (ork) there for two | a good time? years but she | Be Yes it be) great. | (not/enjoy) it very much 2 A: Where's Alan? coon | 4 A: Do you know Martin’ siste? | (yousee) him? Rt (0) hea fw | B Yes, he (go) outs times but fev mninanes ago |. qrewerspeak) co her As Ad Jia? | ‘you/evee/apeste) 19 hee? B: Ton know | | av Yen {imect) hes (oot/see) her. [sta party st weeks She very nice (49is done was done (passive 1) The olfice is cleaned every day The office was cleaned yesterday ‘Compare active and passive: Somebody ee ay. active) *PRCARIBE is cleaned evry dy. (pov) Somebody cleaned HEBAUE yescerday. (ative) i HEBBIEE yeserday. SPASQEIEG! was cleaned yesterday. (passive) B “The passive i pty ‘i [deaned done peso singe [amaFsTare oy |g | Seamed, done puesinges ores | injured taken ete The past participle of regular verbs is~ed (cleaned/damnaged etc) For # lise of regular past participles (done/ built/taken cc}, sce Appendix 2-3 19 Bator is made fom milk Oranges are imported into Brita How often are these rooms cleaned? Jam never invited to parties. These houses were built 100 years ago, When was the telephone invented? ‘We weren't invited to the party last week. “Was anybody injured in dhe accident?” e ° (© This house was buile 100 years ago. e "Yes, two people were taken co hospital’ C was/were born © I was born in London in 1962. (not “I am born’) © Where were you born? B Passive + by We were woken up by a loud noise. (« The noise woke us up.) © The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. © My brother was bitten by a dog last week, - is being dowe “tas been dome => (IEA emer ves > [ENON by => 50) civeand pasive => ETEaa unin EXERCISES 21 \wrte sentences from the words in brackets (..). Sentences 1-7 are present he office / clean /every diy) The-office is leaned. every day. 2 (these rooms / clean / every Are these rooms cleaned. every day? 3 (ghiss / make f froin sand) 4 Geamps / sell / in a post fice) § (this room / not / use / very often) 6 (we / allow / to park here?) 7 (how / this word / pronounce?) Sentences 8-19 are past. 8 the office /clean /yesteréay) Tre office was cleaned. yesterday, 9 the hose “pain / ast month) The house 10 {Ghree people 7 injure / in the accidens 11 (ay bicycle / steal / few days ago) 12 when / this bridge / build?) 13 (you /invice/ tothe pary ast week) 14 how / these windows / break?) 15 noc / wake up /by the noise) Correct these sentences, 1 (YREHORE DID 100 years ago. This house was built 2. Football plays in most countries ofthe world 3 Why did the letter send to the wrong address? 4 Agarage isa place where cars repair. 5 Where are you boen? 6 Flow many languages ate speaking in Switzerland? : 7 Somebody broke into our house but nothing stolen. 8 When was invented the bicycle? Complete the sentences. Use the passive (present or past) of these verbs: clean damage find give invite make make show steal take 1 The room ..ié,cleaned. . every day. 2 Lsaw an accident yesterday. Two people Were. taken. co hospital 3 Paper from waod. 4 There was fire atthe hotel last week, Two ofthe rooms 5 ‘Where did you get chs piceare?” ‘Te = tome bya friend.of mine’ 6 Many American programmes ‘on British television 7 ‘Did Jim and Sue go to the wedding?” "No. They bur they didn’t go 8 ‘How old is this film?” "It jn 1965" 9 My car Insc week bur the next day ie by the police ‘Where were they born? 1 (lan / Edinburgh} lan nas, born in, Edinburgh 2 Gilly / Birmingham) Sally 3 (her parents / Ireland) Her 4 ows 72) t 5 (our mother / 7?) (51)is being done has been done (passive 2) Somebody is painting thedoor _ fective) The door is bein, pessive) & My car is at the garage. It is being repaired. (= somebody is repairing it) ® Some new houses are being built opposite the park. (= somebody 1s bu chen) Compace the present contin san present in '@ The oflice is being cleaned tt The office is cleaned every (continous) T (eine) © [n Unitain football macches are usually played on Saturday, but ho maiches are being, played next Saturday. For the present continuous aud present simple, see Units 8 and 26. B as/have be - (present perfect passive) Soniebody has painted WABor (active) BAY has boon painted. ——_(pesive) somebody has stolen it) somebody has stolen them) 1m not going co the party. [ haven*t been invited. (= nobody has invited me} (© Has this shict been washed? (= Has somebody washed it?) Compa the presen peyfect and past simple the room is clean now. It has been cleaned. (present peyfect) c 100m Was cleaned yesterday. (past sine) © [can't find my keys. [ think they've been stolen. (present pevfecy My keys were stolen last week, (pat! simple) For the present perfect and past simple, see Unit 20, ie dono /war done > ER sctvesed pasive > SESEmA 23 EXERCISES 22 What's happening? | The car is being repaired. 2 Abridge Look at the pictures. What is happening or what has happened” Use the present continuous {is/are being...) or the present perfect (hasrhave been...) 1 (the office / clean) _The office is, being ceaned., 2 (che shirts / icon). The shirts have, been ironed. 3 (the window / break) The window 4 (dhe wo / repair). The woot . 5 (the car / damage) & (ie houses / knock / doven) 7 (the tcees / cut / down) B (they / invite / to a party) Use the words in brackets (...) to complete the sentences. (Units 21 and 22) 1 Lean't use my office at the moment. i 1.being painted... (paine) 2 Werdidn’t goto the party We weren't invited... (not/iuite) 3 The washing machine wns broken but its OK now. Ie repair 4 The washing machine (cepair) yesterday afternoon 5. A Gacory isa place where things tamake) 6 How old are hese houses? When (Ghey/buile TA (the computer / use) ac the moment? B: Yes, Jim is using 8 I've never seen these flowers before, What = (hey/call? 9 Some trees (blow) down in the storm last night. 10 The bridge is closed at the moment. It - (damage) last weak, andi (not/repair) yetSa) be/have/do in present and past tenses be (= amis/ace/was/ were) + ~ing (eles ning/working, ete) | anv/is/are + -ing | # Plemet (present continuous) Un working © (risn't raining ac the moment Units 3-4 and 26 © What are you doing this evening? {Sonn fWhatmeceyor doings nec lk? be “+ pase participle (cleaned/made/eaten cic) [iamviaraca + pcxpanieple | # Theorie deanedl coor i t sive present simple) | @ Pr never invited to patties => Unit 21 © Oranges are imported into Britain, Jer © The room was cleaned yesterday. WasreE "opadt @ These houses were built 100 years ago. Coase past simple) # How ea the window broken? J} © Where were you born? have/has + past participle (eleaned/lost/eaten/been etc) hina © ve cleaned sy room. Gpreseut perfect) = Units 15-1 rive form has lost his passpo: # Barbara hasn't been to Canada. _ © Where have Paul and Linda gone? do/does/did + infinitive (clean/like/eat/go ete) [aordoes + infinitive © Like cofée butt dow’t like tea (present simple nogatn © Chris doesn’t go out very often. and questi) © What do you usually do at weekends? => Units 6.7 # Doos Barbara live alone? [did + infin | # I dida’e watch TV yesterday. © Ie didi rain last week bs © What ume did Paul and Linda go ou? | (hast siete negative and hoe vobs > ETI BA we 2 24 BAEXERCISES 23.4 | Put in is/are/do/does 1 BO yow work in de | 2 Where are 3 Why 4 Lill live near you? 5 you like cooking? Tour doesn't work in dye event Tmvery tired. 1 Il < 3 Tim very tired. 4 George My parencs are usually ac home, They 6 Barbara has travelled a lot but she 7 You can turn off che television. [ 8 There's party nexc week bur we Putin wasiwere/did/ave/has L Where Ere... your shoes made? ‘you go out lase nigh? you doing at 10.302 your mother bora? Whar Where Barbara gone home? Putin is/are/was/were/haveshas. 1 Joe haa... lost his passport. This bridge Dusle cen years ago. you finished your work yee? This cown is always clean. The sereets cleaned every dy you born? 4 5 Where damage understand, eat enjoy 20 2 Why are you so tired? Did you 9° 3. Where are the chocolates? Have you 4 How is your new job? Are you 5. My car was badly 6 Chris has gota car but she doesn't 7. Mary isn't at home, She has 8 Lone 9 Martin is in his room. He's 11 How do you go away 9 10 10 don't know how co say this word. How is it listen utr What cine Aun sevarkiig belay What this word you feeling all right? Put in am not isn’t aren't don't doesn't. Althese sentences are negative want to go out cis evening, going out this evening, working this week. He's on holiday go out very often, speak any foreign languages. vweacching it going, What dime she go? When these hones buile? Jim arrived yer Why ‘you go home early? How long they been married? 1 jusc made some coffee, Would you like some? Glass rmacle from sand This is a very old photograph. 1b taken a long time ago, Joc boughe a new ese Complete the sentences. Choose from thelist and put the verb into the correct form. open pronounce ain 1 I'm going co take an umbrella with me. Ies.radning to bed late last night? chem all? : in the accident but | was OK. very often. fora few days the problem. Can you explain ie again? this window? Can you show me?56) Regular and irregular verbs A verbs. viem > clemed live siived paint pained study suidied Past siple (=2 Unit 12) © [ cleaned niy shoes yesterday © Chale studied engineering 38 university ast participle resent perfect = have/has + past poriple (=> Units 15-18) # I have cleaned sy shoes # Jie has lived in Londan for ten years Passive = be (is / are / were / has been et.) + pas participle (=9 Units 21-22). These cooms are cleaned every day @ My carhas been repaived. B tevegular verbs The past simple and past participle of irr verbs ave n | make break aut] ‘ pastsinplo made broke cut ‘ciple made broken cut Sometimes the past simple and past p. pass ps ticipl 6 the same. Pot example: make find buy ex] past sinaple | cTLRE J made found boughs ox © Lmade a cake yesterday. (just simple) @ Lhave made some colic. (past participle ~ present perfect) © Butter is made from milk, (past participle ~ passive present) Sometimes the past simple and past patticiple are different. Por example: | break stow begin. go | pasimple broke knew beg: went past particle broken known begun gone. © Somebody broke this window last sight, (past simple) © Somebody has broken this winlov. (past partuiple = present perfect) © This window was broken last night. (pas participle ~ passive past) list ofieregular verbs =+ EERE sooling reguse verbs) => CEEm4 28.2 m3 24 HISES Write the past simple / past participle of these verbs. (The past simple and past participle are the same to all the verbs in this exercise.) 6 enjoy " hear 7 buy 12 pue 8 sic 13 eately 9 lewe 14 watch 10 happen... 18 understand Write the past simple an past patziple of these verbs, 1 break broke... broken 6 cum & 11 take - 2 begin neni 7 speak 12 g0 - 3 eat . 8 write . 13 give 4 drink 9 come 14 throw 5 drive 10 know 15 forget Put the ver inthe right fom 1 Lashed. my hands because they were dicty. (wash) : 2 Somebody has. BrOKeM.. ehis window. (break) 3 Vee good. ven VERY Well lastnight, (leep) 4 We ~~ a very good film yesterday. (ee) Sie ~nn alot while we were on holiday. (tin) 6 Te my bag. (lose) Have you ie (see) 7 Ros bicycle was nat week, (teal) BI to bed carly because I was tired, (go) 9. Have you ewnnw Your Work yet? (Gish) 10 The shopping centre Was ----—nnvrnn abOUt 20 years ago, (build) U1 Ano to dive winen she was 18. (learn) 12 Pre never. ~ahowse. (cide) 13 Julia isa good Giend of mine. I've .. hee fora long cime. (know) 14 Yesterday I aad “my leg. (all hurt) Compete these sentences. Choose from the ist and put the vorb int the correet frm cost. drive fly make mot sell speak swim tell think wakeup win Thave made... some coffee, Would you like some? 1 2 ave YOU wn John about your nevr job? 3 We played basketball on Sunday. We didn't play very well but we 4 Tknow Gary but I've never his wile. 5 We were ‘by loud music in the middle ofthe night 6 Stephanie jumped into the river and to the otha side 7 "Did you Wke the Gin? "Yes, fan ic was very good" 8 Many different languages are ~-» in the Philippines. 9 Ourholiday alot ofmoney because we stayed in an expensive hotel Have you ever avery fst ca 11 All the cickets for the concert were A bird very quickly, in through the open window while we were having our dinner. io”tused to... A oact gras vuans a6 ave Yona) cCoesys i erteh | saptinaste HS sree Dave used to work in a Gictory. Now he works in a supermatket. Wve used to work in a factory le worked ina factory before but he daesn't work there now: he used to wor past he works —_ Now B You can say T used to work .,. / she used to have .../ they ased to be ... ct [be Vyouswesthey || work heshevic |] MEF | have play ex. © When { wasa child, { used to like chocolate, © | used to read a lot of books but I don't read auch these days. © Liz has got short hair now butit used to be very long, "They used to live in che same street as us, so we often used to see them. But we don't see them very often these days. © Ann used to have a piano but she sold it a few yyeats ago. The negative is I didn’t use to © When I was a child I didn’t use to like tomatoes ‘The question is did you use to ... 2 '® Where did you use to live before you came here? C We use used to ... only for dhe part. You cannot say use to .." (resent): © I used to play tennis. These days | play golf. (not Tse to play gol) © We usually get up eaely. (not We use to get up carly’) {58}EXERE! ‘ 25 Look atthe pictures. Complete the sentences with used ta He football hair - ‘This building in the country - Karen works very hard and has very tle fre time. A few years ago, things were diferent, —_—_ ee. Yes, [ go swimming every ‘day and I play volleyball Do you go out in the evenings? || Yes, most evenings. Do you play a musical insceument? || Do you like reading? || Yes, Tread a lot. | | | Do you cravel much? |] Yes, 1 go away wo or chee times 8 year Write sentences about Karen with used to... . 1 She. used. to, go, snimming every day, 4 2 SHE neon 5 3 tc 6 Complete these sentences. Use used to or the present simple (I play /he lives etc.) 1 Ase, Lo play. cennis. stopped playing a few years ago. 2 Do you doany spore?” “Yes, PAM. basketball 3 “Plave you goca car?” ‘No, | one but {sold ie 4 George won a waiter. Now he’ the manager of a hotel 5. "Do you go to work by car?" ‘Sometimes bue most days I by ein? 6 When I was. child, I never meat, but [eat it now. 7 Mary loves watching TV. She TV every evening, 8 We near the airpore but we moved to the city cence a few years go. 9 Normally {stare work a¢7 o'clock, 0 f up very eaey. 10 What games... you ‘when you were 8 child? 59)(69 A What are you doing tomorrow? Aoi ss sunnny They are playing tennis (now) He is playing tennis tomorrow ‘We use ami/is/aze + -ing (present continuous) for something happening now: ‘© "Where are Sue and Caroline?” “They're playing tennis in the park! @ Please be quiet. Pm working ‘We also use amv/is/are + -ing for the future (tomorrow / next week ete) © Andrew is playing tennis tomorrow © Im not working next week. Tam doing something tomorrow =I have amnged to do it, [have a plan to do it ea gta Nie Uentab ow Reiley (Tw ging iD 3 a deat (eine han epost ce he Zn f o Sicte having pry nes wkend cing Nem © Aze you meeting Bill this evening? © What are you doing tomocrow evening? © I'm not going out tonight. P'm staying at home, You can also say ‘I'm going to do something’ (=> Unit 27) Do not use the present simple (I stay / do you go etc) for plans and arrangements # Pan staying at home this evening. (not Tsay’) # Are you going out tonight? (net ‘Do you go’) # Ann isn't coming to the patty next week. (nol ‘Ann doesn't come’) But we use the present simple for timetables, programmes, trains, buses ete © The train arrives at 7.30 © What ime does the film finish? Compas: © I'm going to a concert tomorrow. © The concert starts at 7.30, © What time are you leaving? © What time does your train leave ? presentsimple = UBER t'm going to. => ERM 4 6.2 26.3 26.4 Steen ane / var:EXERCISES 26-4 —Lookat the pictures, What are these people doing next Friday? 1 Andrew is playing tennis on Friday. 4 lunch with Ken. 2 Richard fothecinema. 5 3. Barbara 26.2 Write questions. Althe sentences ar future. 1 (you / go / out / tonight?) Are you. going out tonight? 2 (you / work / next week?) 3 Gvhae / you / do / tomorrow evening?) 4 (what cime / your friends / arrive?) 5 (when / Liz / go / on holiday?) 26.3 Write sentences about yourself, What are you doing in the next few days? (mn staying a home. tonight. \'m going to the, theatre on Monday. 1 2 3 oo 4 5 6 26.4 Putthe verb in the present continuous (he is teaving etc.) or present simple (the train leaves atc.). 1 Are-you going. (you/go) out this evening?” ‘No, I'm too cited” 2. Wee going... (we/g0) to a concert this evening, [b sarts - Gu/start) at 7.30 3 Do you know about Sally? - 4A: My parents ~ II (go) on holiday next weele 3B: Oh, that’ nice. Where a ~ (hhey/g0)? Silvia is doing an English course at the moment. The couse (Ginish) on Friday. ‘Thote’ a football match tomorrow but vanes (She/get) married next month . (Unot/g0). (L/go) out with some Giends tonight. Why don't you come too? (we/meet) at John’s house a¢ 8 o'clock. 8 A: How (your get) home after che party comorrow? By taxi? B: No, [ean go by bus. The lase bus (leave) at midnight. 9 A: Do you want to go co the cinema tonight? B: Yes, what time (the film / begin)? 10 A: What sone (you/do) next Monday afternoon? B. anne UU WOK). (ovI’m going to . Arm going to (do something) She is going to watch TV this evening, We use am/is/are going to... for the future ~ [ao | drink watch. | am I ] buy ...? is he/shesic are we/you/they going to | eat. ? wear? B_ Lam going to do something = I have decided to do it, my intention is to do it BE ——_- future 1 decided to do it ——. past © I'm going to buy some books tomorrow. @ Sarah is going to sell her car. © ('m not going to have breakfast this morning. I'm not hungry. © What are you going to wear to the party tonight? "Your hands ate ditty’ ‘Yes, I know. ’m going to wash them? ai @ Are you going to invite John to your party? ‘We also use the present continuous (I am doing) for the future, usually for arrangements (= Unit 20) @ Lam playing tennis with Julia tomorrow. C Something is going to happen "Something is going to happen = itis cleat now that, it is sure to happen: © Look at the sky! Is going to rain, (black clouds slow — rain) © Qh dear! 1159 o'clock and I'm not ready. T’m going to be late (9 o'clock now and not ready — late) (2) present forthe fue > BEA will EEREunre EXERCISES - ‘What are these people saying? Complete the sentences. Use going to + one of these verbs: eat do give ie down — stay walk wash watch wen 1 My hands are direy. lm going to. mash 2 What are you going to wear 3 Tdon't want © go home by bus. 4 John is going to London next week, He son ‘with some friends 5 Tm hungry. | this sandwich G Ws Sharon's birthday nexe week. We 7 Sue says she's fecling very tired. She 8 There’ a good film on TV this evening 9 Whae Rachel them, to the party tonight? ao her a present. for an hour. . YOU concn ie ‘when she leaves school? Look at the pictures. Whats going to happen? T 7 2 1 ls. going to.rain. 3. The car sscesan 2 The shelf 4 He 7 ‘What are you going to do today or tomorrow? Write three sentences, Lim “ : 2 . 3 63]_ will/shall (1) Saeah goes to work every day. She is always rere froin S.A anptil 430) leis U o'elock now. Sarah is at work Ac 11 o'clock yesterday, she was at work. At I] o'clock tomorrows, she will be at work ‘will + infinitive (will be / will win / will come et) ay be be Uwe/you/they | | will (tt) win wan | ve/yousthey | win? \ he/she/it } | will not (won’s) | eat | hedshesit | eat? L | = [some at | | come? ow. | UL = will: 111 (1 will) / you'll / she'M ete won't = will not: Twon't (= {vill nod) / you won't / she won't ete BW use will forthe futwe (tomorrow / next week cic} 1 Sue travels lot. Today she isin Madd, Tomorsow she'll be in Rome. Next week she'll be in Tokyo. ‘You can phone me sis evening, Pl be at home Leave the old bread in the garden. The birds will eat it “We'll probably go out this evening WIM you be at home this evening? Lwon’t be here tomorrow will not he here) © Don’t drink coffee before you go to bed, You won't sleep, ‘We often say T think ... will @ I think Diana will pass the exam, © [don’t think ic will rain this afternoon. © Do you think the exam will be difficult? CG Wedo not use-will for things we have arranged or decided to do (=> Units 26-27) ‘© We're going to the cinema on Satucday. (rot "We will go") @ (rm not working tontorrow. (201 T won't work’) © Are you going to do the exain? (wt ‘Will you do’) D shall You can say I shall (= [ wil) and we shall (= we will I shall be [ste tomortove or {will (Pll) be late tomorrow. ‘© [chink we shall win, or T-clsinke we will (we'll) win, But do not use shall with you/they/he/she/it: ‘© Tom will be fate. (nor “Tom shall be!) 41 “What are you doing comorcow? => Pim going vwill/sball @ = (OEE 18.2 BS