108 STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Sxrr-r 16: PAST PARTICIPLES AFTER HAVE

wheneveryou see the verb /nve in any of its forms (have, has, lnving, had),be
sure that the verb that follows it is in the past participle form.
We had complete':'the work.
They lnve went* to the market.

In the first example, complere should be the past par-ticiple conryletedbecause it is

aft.er had.In the second example, went should be the past participle gone because
it is after hante.
The follorving chart outlines the use of verb forms aft-er have.

VERB FORMS AFTER HAVE

have + past participle

NOTE: Exercises to practice irregular verb forms are included at

the back of the text in Appendix D. You may want to complete
these exercises before you continue with Skills l6 through .|8.

EXERCISE 16: Each of the following sentences contains a verb formed withhave.
Underline the verbs twice. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incor-
rect (I).

I 1. We have already hearing the good ne\vs.

C 2. She has ridden her bicycle to school every day.

3. I have aln,ays believe voti.

4. He has find the missine car kevs.

5. They have put their money in a savings account.

6. Their parents have allowed them to stav up late.

7. She has never ran away ftom home before.

8. Have you ever saw a ghost?

9. Ther- have taken three tests already this r,veek.

_ 10. He has offer me a higrr-paying job.

 WRITTEN EXPRESSION 109

Sxrr-r 17: PRESENT PARTICIPLES OR PAST PARTICIPLES

AFTER BE
The verb be in anv of its fbrms (ant, is, are, was, ryere, be, been, being) can be fol-
lou,ed bv another verb. This verb should be in either the present participle or the
past participle form.
Thev arE turn on;' all the lamps.
The office door ls lock'" in the evening.

In the first erample, tunt

orz should be ttrning on because it is afler are. In the
second example, /ock shouldbe locked because it is after is.

The followins chart outlines the use of verb forms after be.

VERB FORMS AFTER BE

a (1) present participle

be
(2) past participle

EXERCISE 17z Each of the following sentences contains a verb formed with be.
Underline the verbs twice. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or incor-
rect (I).

- 1. She yq!:lldy the textbooks all night long.

I

C 2. The pie u?! ru! into six equal pieces.

3. Today the teacher is allou, the students to leave class a few minutes early.

4. The class is teach even'other semesrer.

5. Tom is bringing some drinks to the part-v.

6. The sick child r,r'as taken to see a doctor.

7. The children are su,im in the backvard pool.

8. The diamond jerveln'is al-uvavs keep in a safe place.

9. The teacher is preparing a di{'ficult exam for the students.

10. Dinner is sen'ed from 6:00 to 8:00.

110 STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Srcrr 18: BASE FORM VERBS AFTER MODALS

Whenever you see a modal such as will, would, shall, should, can, could, mry,
might, or mllst, you should be sure that the verb that follows it is in its base form.
You must telling" her the truth.
The child may cornes" in now.

In the first example, telling should be the base for-n-r tellbecause it follows must.In
the second example, comes should be the base form come because it follows may.
The following chart outlines the use of verb forms after modals.

VERB FORMS AFTER MODALS

modal + base form of the verb

EXERCISE 18: Each of the following sentences contains a verb formed with a
modal. Underline the verbs twice. Then indicate if the sentences are correct (C) or
incorrect (I).

C 1. You should try to respond politely.

I 2. Everyone must leaves the room immediatelv.

3. I could sat on the beach for hours.

4. She will asking vou manv difficult questions.

5. You can look at the book, but you cannot borrow it.

6. He may lies to you because he is not very truthful.

7. He knew that he would forgot the phone number.

8. The weatherman said that it might snowing tonight.

9. Perhaps rve could bought a new car this year.

10. This course will satisfy the graduation requirement.

-
 WR TEN EXPRESSION 111

EXERCISE (Skills l6-18): Each of the following sentences contains a verb

formed with several parts. Underline the verbs tr,vice. Then indicate if the sen-
tc'nces are correct (C) or incorrect (I).

1. We have became good friends in the last vear.

2. fbur name rvill be list in the nerv directon,.

3. The new movie is receive good reviews.

4. She must have feel sorr.,'about her bad behavior.

5. Thev have always given their familv manv presents.

6. We mav be taking a vacation next rveek.

7. We could have taking a r,'acation last rveek.

8. The package might had been delir,er bv an express mail senrice.

9. I have not wrote very. many letters to my friends.

10. The car should not ha.ve be drive anvmore todav

--
TOEFL EXERCISE (Skills 16-18): Choose the letter of the underlined word or
group of words that is not correct.

1. By the 1920s, many radio transmitters had been build.

ABCD
2. Fish farming has rose in the United States in recent vears.
ABCD
3. In areas of r,olcanic actir.itr', beach sand mav contains dark minerals and
ABC-
little quartz.
D
4. Cro-Ma-qnon man was nalnes after the caves in southwest France where the
AB
first remains were discovered.

5. Lassie, the famous collie r,r,ho made her first lelqen appearance in 1 943, has
AB
alwavs b" pleyg4 bv a male dog.
CD
6. A blue bigwig lizard stakes out a territorJ and will defending temales u,ithin
ABC
it against courting males.
D
112 STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

7. President George Washington \\/as 4elgg1atg! on the steps of the Fecleral

ABC
Br-rildine in Neu,York Citr,:
D
B. Bf' 1627, Plvnlouth had became a viable and grorving commqnity of 50
A B- -C-
f'amilies, 25 goats, 15 corvs, and more than 50 pigs.
D
9. Tobacco u'its thc crop ()n r,r'hich the eminence of Willianrsburq and the
A
pfglperlt)' of Virginia u'ere l>ase. -B-
CD
1 0. Becattse there may be scores of genes in each suspect DNA region, scientists
---
- must identif ine and lgggenge' the actual
-qenes contributing to TVpe I
B C
diabetes. -D

TOEFL REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1-18): Choose the letter of the \\rord or
group of rt'ords that best completes the sentence.

1. the deepest vallevs and canrons 3. Some colnposers, such as Richarcl

on
--
the Earth. Wagner, have felt that _ the
(A) In the Pacific Ocean u,,ith action of the opera too much and
(B) In the Pacific have rl,ritten operas v,'ithout them.
Ocean
(C) The Pacific Ocean (A) arias interrupt
(D) The Pacihc Ocean has (B) interrupt arias
(C) the interruption of arias
2. In the United States, the participation (D) areas of interruption
of females in the labor force
from 37 percent in 1965 to -51 percent
in 1980.
(A) it jumped
(B) jr,unp
(C) jumping
(D) jumped

Choose the letter of the underlined word or group of r,r'ords that is not correcr.

4. Waler storc.d behincl a dam can used to drive turbines.

ABCD
5. Our universe t-nav L'ontinue to expand as it gets colder, qmpt]', and deader.
ABED