SUI SOUTHERN GAS COMPANY

A. Brief history of Sui Southern Gas Company

Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC) is a Pakistani gas company established in
1955. The company is one of the country's largest gas distribution companies and
is responsible for the transportation and distribution of natural gas in southern
Pakistan. SSGC operates in Sindh and Balochistan provinces and covers major
cities such as Karachi, Quetta and Sukkur.

B. Organization presentation
SSGC plays a key role in meeting the energy needs of industrial, corporate and
domestic consumers in its business areas. The company's main goal is to supply
customers with natural gas safely and efficiently. SSGC operates an extensive
network of pipelines, metering stations and distribution facilities to supply gas to a
variety of customers, including residential, power, industrial and commercial
customers.

C. Organizational Policy
SSGC strives to provide reliable and uninterrupted natural gas service while
adhering to strict safety standards and environmental regulations. The company
focuses on promoting energy conservation and efficiency, ensuring customer
satisfaction and maintaining a strong corporate governance framework. SSGC
attaches great importance to the well-being and development of its employees and
strives to provide them with a pleasant working environment.

D. Competitors
SSGC faces competition from other gas companies operating in Pakistan,
especially in the northern region. SSGC's main competitors include Sui Northern
Gas Pipelines Limited (SNGPL) and other regional gas distributors operating in
Punjab and Khyber Pakhtanqua states. These competitors also play an important
role in the distribution of natural gas in their respective lines of business, serving
different customer segments and industries. 
 Organizational Structure
A. Hierarchy Chart
 B. Number of Employees:
Although the exact number of employees at Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC)
may change over time, SSGC had a sizeable workforce. The company has
employed thousands of employees in various roles and responsibilities. SSGC has
now added additional personnel and he now employs over 1,400 people.

C. Main Office:
SSGC has several strategically located headquarters in different cities to manage
its business effectively. The headquarters of SSGC is Headquarters (Karachi),
which serves as the central administrative center and houses the major departments
and decision-making bodies.

D. Presentations for all departments:

SSGC is made up of various departments that work together to keep the company
running smoothly. While it is not possible to provide a complete list of all
divisions, here are some of the main divisions typically found in gas companies.

I. Operations Department
Responsible for managing natural gas transmission and distribution,
monitoring supply and demand, and ensuring efficient functioning of
pipelines and distribution networks.

II. Finance Department:

It covers financial issues such as budgeting, accounting, financial planning
and management of company resources.

III. Human Resources Department:

It handles employee recruitment, training, development, performance
management and other HR-related functions.
IV. Technical Department:
We manage the design, construction and maintenance of gas infrastructure,
including pipelines, metering stations and other related facilities.

V. Customer Service Department:

Handle customer inquiries, invoices, complaints and all customer
relationship management.

VI. Legal department:

We manage legal, contractual and regulatory compliance and provide legal
advice and support to the company.

VII. Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) Division:

Our focus is on ensuring a safe working environment, implementing health
and safety policies, and addressing environmental issues related to company
operations. 
 Internship Program
During my internship at Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC), I had the opportunity to
work in the Distribution Department at Karachi Terminal. It served as a crucial hub for
overseeing the distribution of natural gas in the region. This office played a vital role in
ensuring the smooth and efficient supply of gas to residential, commercial, and industrial
customers.
Our internship commenced on March 27, 2023, and concluded on April 21, 2023.
Throughout this period, I received training in various departments within the Distribution
Department, gaining valuable insights into their operations and functions. The
departments in which I received training included:

1. Metering Department: We spent a significant portion of my internship in the Metering

Department, where we learned about the installation, calibration, and maintenance of gas
meters. I also gained practical experience in conducting meter readings and
understanding billing processes.

2. Distribution Network Department: In this department, we were exposed to the

intricacies of managing the distribution network, including the maintenance and repair of
pipelines, valves, and other infrastructure. I learned about the importance of ensuring the
integrity and safety of the distribution system.

The duration of my training in each department varied, with a significant focus on

understanding the operations, processes, and challenges faced by each department.
Overall, my internship at SSGC's Distribution Department provided me with valuable
industry exposure and practical experience, enabling me to develop a deeper
understanding of the gas distribution sector and its various functions.
 DISTRIBUTION DEPATMENT
A.Introduction
The Distribution Department in Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC) is responsible for the
efficient and effective distribution of natural gas to consumers in its designated service areas.
Some of the key functions of the Distribution Department include:
 Metering and Billing
The department is responsible for the installation, maintenance, and reading of gas meters at
consumer premises. It also generates bills and collects payments from consumers.
 Customer Service
The department handles consumer complaints, queries, and service requests related to natural gas
distribution. It also provides information to consumers on gas safety and conservation.
 Network Expansion
The department plans and executes projects for the expansion of the gas distribution network in
its service areas. This includes the construction of new pipelines, installation of pressure
regulating stations, and other infrastructure development activities.
 Safety and Compliance
The department ensures compliance with safety regulations and standards related to natural gas
distribution. It conducts regular inspections of pipelines and consumer premises to identify
potential safety hazards and takes necessary actions to mitigate risks.
A flow model of Natural gas from SSGC to consumers is given below
a. Point of Distribution
The Point of Distribution (POD) of Sui Gas Company refers to a location where the main
gas pipeline is connected to a distribution network that supplies natural gas to households,
businesses, and other customers in a specific area.
The POD is a critical component of the Sui gas distribution system, as it serves as the main
point where the high-pressure transmission lines are connected to lower pressure
distribution lines that carry gas to individual customers. The gas distribution network
typically includes pipelines, valves, regulators, and other equipment that are used to control
the flow and pressure of natural gas to ensure safe and reliable delivery to customers.

b. Compressor Station
The gas compression system is used to increase the pressure of natural gas, which is
typically extracted from underground reserves at low pressures, to a level that allows it to
be transported through pipelines over long distances. The compressed gas is then
transported to distribution networks where it is delivered to homes, businesses, and other
users.

c. Main Valve Assembly

The main valve assembly is an important component in many industrial and commercial systems,
particularly those involving the transport or distribution of hazardous materials. Proper installation
 and maintenance of the main valve assembly is critical to ensuring the safety and efficiency of these
systems.

d. Sales Meter Station

The Sales Meter Station (SMS) is an important component of the natural gas distribution
network operated by Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC). The primary function of the SMS
is to measure the volume of natural gas delivered to commercial and industrial customers
who require large amounts of gas for their operations.
Here are some key functions of the Sales Meter Station in Sui Southern Gas Company:
I. Gas Metering:
The SMS contains high-capacity gas meters that accurately measure the volume of gas
delivered to customers. The gas meters are calibrated and regularly inspected to ensure
that they meet the required accuracy standards.
II. Pressure Regulation
The SMS also includes pressure regulators that maintain the gas pressure at a consistent
level to ensure safe and reliable delivery to customers.
III. Billing and Accounting
The volume of gas delivered to customers is used to calculate billing and accounting
information. The SMS provides accurate data on gas consumption, which is used to
generate bills and monitor customer usage patterns.
IV. Monitoring and Maintenance
The SMS is monitored regularly to ensure that it is functioning correctly and safely. Any
maintenance or repairs needed are carried out promptly to minimize disruptions to gas
supply.
V. Safety
The SMS is designed to ensure safe and reliable delivery of natural gas to customers. The
station is equipped with safety devices and protocols to prevent accidents and respond
quickly to emergencies.

e. Town Border Station

"Town Border Stations" or TBS are the gas pressure regulating stations located at the
outskirts of towns and cities in SSGC's service area in Pakistan. These stations regulate the
pressure of natural gas coming from the high-pressure transmission pipelines before it is
 supplied to the local distribution network for further distribution to households and
businesses.
The purpose of TBS is to ensure that the natural gas supplied to the local distribution
network is at a safe and optimal pressure for use by consumers. These stations also help to
isolate the local distribution network from any fluctuations or disruptions in the high-
pressure transmission pipelines.

f. Town Service Station

The Town Service Station (TSS) is a key component of the natural gas distribution network
operated by Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC). The primary function of the TSS is to
regulate the distribution of natural gas to residential and small commercial customers within
a specific town or area.
Here are some key functions of the Town Service Station in Sui Southern Gas Company
.
I. Gas Pressure Regulation
The TSS regulates the pressure of natural gas in the distribution network to ensure safe
and reliable delivery to customers. The pressure is reduced from the high-pressure
transmission pipeline to a lower pressure suitable for residential and small commercial
customers

II. Gas Distribution

The TSS is responsible for distributing natural gas to individual customers in a specific
town or area. This is achieved through a network of pipelines and valves that allow for
the controlled distribution of gas to customers.
III. Gas Metering
The TSS contains gas meters that measure the volume of gas consumed by each
customer. This data is used to calculate bills and monitor gas usage patterns.
IV. Billing and Customer Service
The TSS generates bills for customers based on their gas usage and provides customer
service and support for billing inquiries, gas connection applications, and emergency
response services.
V. Monitoring and Maintenance
The TSS is monitored regularly to ensure that it is functioning correctly and safely. Any
maintenance or repairs needed are carried out promptly to minimize disruptions to gas
supply.
VI. Safety
The TSS is equipped with safety devices and protocols to prevent accidents and respond
quickly to emergencies.

g. Pressure Reducing Station

The Sui Southern Gas Company's (SSGC) pressure reducing station (PRS) is an essential
part of the natural gas distribution system. The main purpose of the PRS is to lower natural
gas pressure from the transmission pipes, which is often high, to a level that is adequate for
distribution to residential, commercial, and industrial consumers.
The Sui Southern Gas Company's Pressure Reducing Station performs the following
principal duties:
I. Reduced Gas Pressure
Natural gas pressure from high-pressure transmission pipelines is lowered by the PRS to
a lower pressure that is appropriate for distribution to users. A number of pressure
reduction valves and regulators are used to accomplish this.
II. Gas metering
Gas meters in the PRS are used to gauge how much gas is provided to clients. These
data are used to compute invoices and track gas use trends.
III. Gas Distribution
The PRS is in charge of providing individual customers in a certain location with
natural gas service. A system of pipelines and valves that enable the regulated
distribution of gas to clients is used to achieve this.
IV. Billing and customer support
The PRS creates bills for consumers based on their gas use and offers customer help for
billing questions, gas connection requests and emergency response services.
V. Monitoring and upkeep
The PRS is routinely checked to make sure it is operating appropriately and securely.
Any necessary upkeep or repairs are made as soon as possible to prevent gas supply
interruptions.
 VI. Safety
To prevent accidents and respond rapidly to emergencies, the PRS is outfitted with
safety equipment and procedures.

B. Operations Performed At Distribution Department

Overhead and Underground Leak Survey
For Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC), overhead and subsurface surveys are essential parts of
managing the natural gas pipeline system. To ensure safe and effective gas transmission and
distribution, these studies offer crucial information regarding the location and condition of gas
pipelines. Here are some important techniques and the significance of overhead and underground
leak surveys for SSGC

Overhead Leak Survey

An overhead leak survey involves using aerial photographs and/or drone technology to gather
information about the location and condition of gas pipelines above ground. This technique is
particularly useful for identifying pipeline routes, locating gas leaks, and assessing the condition
of pipelines in remote or difficult-to-access areas.

Maintenance
Overhead leak survey consist of finding defected lining and leaks above ground, the above
ground part of gas lines are shown in fig 2

Fig 2: Components of Overhead Gas transmission line

The overhead leak survey consists of following steps

Planning
Before conducting an overhead survey, SSGC will first plan the survey by identifying the areas
that need to be surveyed.
Mobilization
Once the survey plan has been finalized, SSGC will mobilize its survey teams and equipment to
the areas that need to be surveyed.
Inspection
The survey teams will then conduct a visual inspection of the overhead infrastructure in the
designated areas. The tools required for inspections are as follows
Gas detectors: Gas detectors are devices used to detect the presence of gas in the air.
They come in various types and models and are designed to detect specific gases.
Leak detection solution: A leak detection solution is a liquid that is applied to the gas
lines and fittings to detect leaks. The solution is a mixture of water and soap or detergent,
which produces bubbles at the site of the leak.
Pressure gauges: Pressure gauges are used to measure the pressure of gas flowing through
the gas lines. A drop in pressure can indicate a gas leak.
 Personal protective equipment: Personal protective equipment, such as gloves, safety
goggles, and respirators, are used to protect the inspector from exposure to harmful gases
during the inspection process.
Inspection consists of survey team applying leak detection solution on various parts of the gas
meters set components. Bubbles will be formed due to leak indicating the exact position and
component of leak, either seals of components are replaced and fastened tightly or the whole
component might be required to change depending on the condition of component and amount of
leak.
Data Collection
The survey teams will then collect the data and images captured during the inspection and
transfer them to a central database.
Reporting
Finally, SSGC will generate a report based on the survey data, which will include detailed
information on the condition of the gas pipelines, valves, and other infrastructure. This report
will be used to identify any areas that require maintenance or repair work to ensure the safety
and reliability of the gas supply.

Underground Leak Survey

An underground leak survey involves the use of specialized equipment, such as ground
penetrating radar and electromagnetic sensors, to gather information about the location and
condition of gas pipelines below ground. This technique is critical for identifying pipeline routes,
detecting leaks, and assessing the condition of pipelines that are buried underground.
The underground head survey inspection of Sui Southern Gas Company (SSGC) involves several
steps that ensure the safety and integrity of the gas pipelines. The following is a general
overview of the process

Preparation
The first step is to prepare for the inspection. This includes obtaining the necessary permits and
clearances, coordinating with local authorities and stakeholders, and notifying the affected
communities.
Inspection team
SSGC will assemble a team of trained and certified inspectors who will carry out the inspection.
The team will include engineers, technicians, and safety experts who are familiar with the
equipment and procedures.
Equipment and tools
The inspection team will bring specialized equipment and tools to the site, including cameras,
sensors, and testing equipment. They will also have personal protective equipment (PPE) to
ensure their safety while working in the underground environment.
Site inspection
The team will then conduct a thorough inspection of the underground head, which is the point
where the gas enters the pipeline from the transmission system. The inspection will include a
visual inspection of the equipment, checking for any signs of corrosion, damage, or wear and
tear.
Testing
The inspection team will also carry out testing to ensure the integrity of the pipeline system. This
may include pressure testing, leak detection, and gas composition analysis. They will use
specialized equipment and sensors to gather data and analyze it to determine if any repairs or
maintenance are necessary.
Maintenance and repair
If any issues are found during the inspection, the SSGC team will carry out the necessary
maintenance or repair work. This may involve replacing damaged equipment, cleaning the
pipelines, or carrying out other corrective measures.

Post-inspection
After the inspection is complete, the SSGC team will prepare a report detailing their findings and
any necessary corrective measures. They will also provide recommendations for future
maintenance and inspection work to ensure the ongoing safety and integrity of the pipeline
system.

Town Service Station Maintenance

Town service station is regulates gas pressure and provides natural gas to small residential and
commercial customers. It consist of following key components
Gas regulators
Gas regulators are used to reduce the pressure of the gas from high pressure transmission
pipelines to a lower pressure suitable for distribution. These regulators need to be maintained
regularly to ensure that they are operating correctly and that the pressure of the gas is being
controlled properly.
Pressure relief valves
Pressure relief valves are safety devices that are designed to prevent excessive pressure build-up
in pipelines or equipment.
Gas pipelines
Gas pipelines need to be inspected and maintained regularly to ensure that they are free from
leaks or damage. Any leaks or damage can result in gas loss, which can be dangerous and
expensive.
Gas meters
Gas meters are used to measure the volume of gas being distributed to customers. These meters
need to be inspected and calibrated regularly to ensure that they are accurate and functioning
correctly.
Gas Valves
Valves are an essential component of any gas distribution system, including a Town Service
Station. Valves are used to control the flow of gas through pipelines and equipment, and to
isolate sections of the gas system for maintenance or repairs. There are a number of gas valves
used in Town service station in accordance to purpose. The two main types are:
Gate valves: Gate valves are used to control the flow of gas through a pipeline or piece of
equipment. These valves have a gate-like mechanism that moves up and down to open or
close the valve. Gate valves are typically used in high-pressure applications where a tight
seal is required.
Ball valves: Ball valves are similar to gate valves in that they are used to control the flow of
gas through a pipeline or piece of equipment. However, ball valves use a ball-shaped
mechanism to open or close the valve. Ball valves are typically used in low-pressure
applications.
Maintenance Work:
Maintenance includes lubrication of valves. All valves are required to be functional. Greasing
gun is mostly used for lubrication. If a valve is eroded it has to be changed immediately.
Similarly, the conditions of pipelines is monitored periodically if pipelines are eroded, leaks and
pressure loss may occur which The maintenance of TSS requires daily checking of its pipeline,
pressure regulators, valves etc. may result in a hazardous situation to avoid erosion. Pipelines are
coded with paints which protect them from corrosion. If pipelines are highly corroded, they
should be replaced with a new pipeline immediately.