GRAMMAR BANK

4B
have to, must, should d o n 't h a v e to

have t o / m u s t (+ base form) You don’t have to pay - th is m u se u m is free. 2 4 3 )))

You don’t have to go to the p a rty i f y o u d o n ’t w a n t to.
1 Y o u have to w e a r a seat b e lt in the car. 2 4 2 )))
D o y o u have to w o r k o n S a tu rd ays?
m ust not
I had t o w e a r a u n if o r m at m y e le m e n ta ry sch o o l.
I’ l l have t o get u p e a rly to m o rro w . M y in te rv ie w is a t 9:00.
You must not p a rk here. 2 44)))
2 You must be o n tim e to m o rro w because there's a test.
You must re m e m b e r to c a ll E m ily - it's h e r b irth d a y .
3 I lo ve the L o u v re ! Y o u have t o g o w h e n y o u 're in P a ris.
• W e use don’t have to w h e n th ere is n o o b lig a tio n to do
Y o u must see th is m o v ie — it's a m a zin g ! s o m e th in g , a n d must not w h e n s o m e th in g is p ro h ib ite d .
• don’t have to a n d must not are c o m p le te ly d iffe re n t. C o m p a re :

• have to an d must are u s u a lly used to ta lk a b o u t o b lig a tio n o r You don't have to drive - we can take a train. (= Y o u c a n d riv e i f
s o m e th in g th a t is n e ce ssary to do. y o u w a n t to, b u t it ’s n o t n e ce ssa ry / o b lig ato ry.)

1 have to is a n o r m a l verb a n d it e x ists in a ll tenses a n d fo rm s , You must not drive along this street. (= It's p ro h ib ite d , a g ain st
e.g., a lso as a g e ru n d o r in fin it iv e . the law, N O T Yo u don’t-kaveto-drive along this street.)

2 must is a m o d a l verb. It o n ly e x ists in the p resent, b u t it ca n be • Y o u c a n o fte n use can’t o r not allowed to in ste ad o f must not.
used w it h a fu tu re m e a n in g . You must not / can ’t / ’re not allow ed to park here.
3 Y o u c a n a lso use have to o r must fo r s tro n g re co m m e n d a tio n s .
s h o u ld / s h o u ld n 't (+ b a s e fo rm )
P have to or must?
Have to and must have a very similar meaning, and you You should ta ke w a rm c lo th e s w ith you to Q u ito . 2 45)))
can usually use either form. It m ig h t be c o ld at n ig h t.
Have to is more common for general, external obligations, Y o u shouldn’t d r in k so m u c h coffee. It is n ’t g o o d f o r you.
for example rules and laws. I t h in k the g o v e rn m e n t should d o s o m e th in g ab o u t
Must is more common for specific (i.e., on one occasion) u n e m p lo y m e n t.
or personal obligations. Compare:
I have to wear a shirt and tie a t work. (= It’s the rule in this
company.) • should is n o t as s tro n g as must / have to. W e use it to give ad vice
o r an o p in io n - to say i f w e t h in k s o m e th in g is the r ig h t o r
I must buy a new shirt - this one is too old now. (= It’s my
own decision.) w ro n g th in g to do.
• should is a m o d a l verb. T h e o n ly fo rm s are should / shouldn’t.
have got to
Have got to is often used instead of have to in spoken
English, e.g., I’ve got to go now. It's very late.

a C o m p le t e w i t h th e c o r r e c t f o r m o f have to ( 0 , Q , o r [7]). b (^C i r c l e ) th e c o r r e c t f o r m . C h e c k / i f b o t h

a r e p o s s ib le .
I’ll have to c a ll b a c k la te r b e c a u se th e lin e 's b u sy . 0
1 P a s s e n g e r s _________ t u r n o f f t h e ir la p to p s d u r in g t a k e - o f f Q You don’t have to / (jnust'nop use y o u r p h o n e
2 _________ y o u __________d o a lo t o f h o m e w o r k w h e n y o u w e re in in q u ie t z o n e s.

s c h o o l? CO 1 D o y o u t h in k w e should j have to te x t D a d to
t e ll h im w e ’ l l b e la te ?
3 M y s is te r is a n u rs e , s o s o m e w e e k s s h e _________ w o r k n ig h t s . 0
4 _________ y o u e v e r __________h a v e a n o p e r a t io n ? [7] 2 Y o u d o n 't have to / must not se n d te x t
m e ssa g e s w h e n y o u a re d r iv in g .
5 S a tu r d a y s a re th e b e s t d a y o f th e w e e k . I lo v e _________ g e t u p
e a rly . Q
3 A p ilo t has to / must w e a r a u n if o r m w h e n
h e ’s a t w o rk .
6 I _________ leave a m essage o n h e r v o ic e m a il beca u se sh e w a s n ’t in . 0
4 You shouldn’t / must not ta lk o n y o u r c e ll
7 In th e fu tu re , p e o p le _________ go to sc h o o l; t h e y 'll a ll s tu d y at
p h o n e w h e n y o u 're f il lin g u p th e c a r w it h gas.
hom e. G
5 I have to / should s p e a k to m y p h o n e
8 W it h o ld c e ll p h o n e s , y o u u s e d t o _________ c h a rg e th e b a tte r y
c o m p a n y . M y la s t b i l l w a s w ro n g .
m o re o fte n . 0
6 W e d o n 't have to / shouldn't h u rry . W e h a ve
9 _________ y o u r b o y fr ie n d _________ a n sw e r h is w o r k e m a ils o n
p le n ty o f tim e .
w eekends? |T]
10 T h e e x h ib it io n w a s fre e , s o I _________ pay. QJ < p .39

Online Practice 139