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NUR SHAWAL BINTI CHE MAN

NURLIYANA SYAFIQAH BINTI YUSOFF

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AM2107009510

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MADAM NUR FATIHAH BINTI OMAR

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INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLINGUISTIC (LNG3183) 26.09.2022

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TITTLE ; CODE-SWITCHING AND CODE MIXING USED BY SOCIETY IN
DIFFERENT KINDS OF SETTINGS .

INTRODUCTION

The title of this journal is code-switching and code-mixing used by society in different
kinds of settings. Moving on to the first article which is an analysis of Code-Mixing and
Code-Switching Used by Indonesian Lawyers Club on TV One. The articles were
written by Silaban, Suardani and Tiama Intan Marpaung. This article was published
on 3 December 2020. This study focuses on the different types of code-mixing and
code-switching that appear on TV One's Indonesia Lawyers Club talk show. The
purpose of this study was to identify the varieties of code-mixing and code-switching
that can be seen on TV One's Talk Show Program Indonesia Lawyers Club. This study
used a descriptive qualitative methodology and its primary tool used human research.
In addition to that , this research also attempts to identify the many types of code-
mixing and code-switching , the most common types , also the factors that influence
the usage of these techniques by the Indonesia Lawyers Club on TV One. To achieve
this , this phenomenon has an impact on television programmes, such as the
Indonesia Lawyers Club Talk Show . Program Indonesia itself is a programme with
speakers from lower, middle and upper economic classes as well as well-known
lawyers. This show may, in some little way, aid in developing English proficiency. The
researchers discovered code-mixing and code-switching used by Indonesia Lawyers
Club as a result of this occurrence . The purpose of this study is to identify the types
of code-mixing and code-switching employed by the Indonesia Lawyers Club. They
are phenomena that are difficult to prevent since people routinely converse on talk
shows in Indonesia Lawyers Club. My understanding of this research is that the most
frequent instances of code-mixing and code-switching are in formal and informal
settings, when Indonesian predominates over other languages, for example English.

Moving on to the second article. The second article was written by Lect. Dr. Hassan
H. Abu-Krooz, Asst. Prof. Dr. Qasim Obayes Al-Azzawi and Majid Mohammed
Saadoon. It was published on 8th January 2019. Hassan Abu-Krooz graduated from
University of Kufa and currently works at the Department of English Language,
University of Kufa. He does research in Pragmatics, Rhetoric, Discourse Analysis,
Semantics, Sociolinguistics and Phonology. He currently works on his newly published
book and paper. Based on the research it shows that code-switching has been used
regularly by the Senegalese students who are studying Arabic in Iraq-Najaf due to the
fact of multilingual students who were exposed to four languages at a very early age
in Senegal, particularly in school interactional settings. If speaking to a fellow citizen,
switching to Wolof is always appropriate. Additionally, they use Wolof to express their
group identification, connection, and unity. The author focused on code change after
they had realized that linguistics forms and practices are interrelated.
SUMMARY

For the first article, the research itself is easy to understand and simple. The article
“An Analysis of Code-Mixing and Code-Switching Used by Indonesia Lawyers Club on
TV One'' is an overview of to find out kinds of code-mixing and code-switching,the
dominant kinds of code-mixing and code-switching and the factors code-mixing
and code-switching used by Indonesia. The researchers used the theory of
sociolinguistics by Sumarsono(2011:11). Code-mixing and code-switching take place
during a communication process, it is a phenomenon that has turned into a popular
linguistic style in Indonesian television
programmes.The objective of this research was to find out the kinds of code-
mixing and code-switching that appear while in this programmes.

The second article investigates various aspects of the code-switching case used by a
group of students from Senegal who are studying Arabic in Iraq-Najaf. It is about how
solidarity is shown and applied among the students with different kinds of settings by
using code-switching and code-mixing. It includes their language of choice as they do
the code-mixing and the language they use when they speak with each other in Iraq.
The objective of this research is to focus on code change after the researchers had
realized that linguistic forms and practices are interrelated. Simultaneously, the article
aims to understand code-switching in its mediated form.

What are the keywords in both articles used as research materials?

From the first article,the keywords used in the article as research materials are code-
mixing, code-switching. The keywords also include the sociolinguistic and also the talk
show that had been held to analyze code-mixing and code-switching that has been
used by Indonesia Lawyers Club. Meanwhile, from article number two, it's highlighted
that the keywords are the various aspects of code-switching and its use in
communicating as well as about the language Senegalese international students used
to study within their country.
When is code-switching and code-mixing usually used to communicate?

In the first article, code-switching and code-mixing are usually used to communicate
when intentionally or accidentally, someone who is speaking in a language other than
their native mother tongue will flip from their second language to first language when
they suddenly want to be emphatic about something. However, they shift to their
second language since they find it more comfortable to be forceful there rather than in
native tongue. Meanwhile in the second article, code-mixing was used in different
kinds of situations. For instance as stated in the article switching into Arabic is the
result of their need to talk to Arab students. They also use Arabic to practice their daily
conversation because it is part of their studies. On the other hand, conversations that
involve well educated people or in formal settings encourage the students to switch to
French when communicating. For example as stated in the research French came first
with about 48% of them using it to communicate with the teachers. Their choices
showed that French is seen as a little more formal.

Which method is being used in the research papers?

Methods that are being used in the first research papers include the design of the
research method uses qualitative, data source of the research methods, the
instrument of the research methods,techniques of the data collection methods, the
techniques of data analysis methods and triangulation. Meanwhile most research on
the second article has been carried out in a qualitative method that included surveys,
content analysis, and linguistic observation in order to extract and discuss the
findings.
Where is the part of research papers that mentioned the types of code-switching
and code-mixing?

From the first article, part of research papers that mentioned the types of code-
switching and code-mixing are on page 14 under the subtopic of ‘’Research Finding
And Discussion‘’.In table 1, it includes the kinds of code-mixing and code-switching
that show about outer code-mixing, inner code-mixing, external code-switching and
internal code-switching .Based on the study throughout the second article which is
page 6 under the subtopic,“Types of Code-switching and Code-mixing”,there are
included tag switching, inter-sentential, intra-sentential, mechanical switching and
code changing.

Why is code-switching and code-mixing being used in this research

Reasons why code-switching and code-mixing are being used in this research is
because the most frequent instances of code-mixing and code-switching are in formal
and informal settings, when Indonesian predominates over other languages like
English. For the second article, code-switching is used in conversations. As
mentioned in the second article the students only use Arabic and English only with
Arabs but also with each other because they feel like using it due to social interactions.
On the other hand, practicing Arabic is a part of their study and it helps them improve
their communication skills. English is also used for the same purpose.

Who are the group of people that are being targeted by this research?

From the first article, a group of the people that are being targeted by this research
were from the Indonesia Lawyers Club on TV One. Reason why this club has been
chosen is because they always used code-mixing in their daily conversations. In the
second article, we can see that it’s aimed at the group of students or teenagers and
grown-up adults, especially a group of students from Senegal who are studying Arabic
in Iraq-Najaf. The reason why they were chosen is the fact that these students were
exposed to four languages at a very early age in Senegal.
REVIEW / ANALYSIS

For the first article that we had been reviewing, the purpose of the study was to
investigate the use of code-mixing and code-switching in the Talk Show Program
Indonesia Lawyer Club on TV One. The researchers hoped that by examining English-
Indonesian code-mixing and switching, it would be possible for teachers to help
students overcome the issue of code-mixing and switching in daily conversation.
Because most of the Indonesian people can't speak English properly. and most of
them can't even speak in english. so it will help them in trying to know english and to
speak it up.

Meanwhile the second article that we have studied contains a high variety of Wolof
and French language and a low variety of English used in conversation. The
international students in Iraq also used other languages other than Wolof and French,
for instance the students used Arabic and English in their conversation. Because
French is the language of the intellectual class in Senegal, conversations that include
participants from various socioeconomic classes also result in code-switching. It will
therefore be a good idea to switch to French in these circumstances.

In writing this article the author demonstrates the article strength which can be
emulated by other authors or researchers. For the first article, first of all, the author
presents the findings and results are well organized and easy to .understand. Next,
the author describes the findings of the studies in detail, one by one, in relation and
the result shows that the author really did a good research in this article. The second
article was very well written. Based on our research we can see that the author has
his own strength in writing the article. For example, we can see that the author uses
high vocabulary words which we efficiently used. The article is also well organized in
which we can see that all the paragraphs were balanced.

Depending on the author, both articles have different kinds of writing. For the article
“An Analysis of Code-Mixing and Code-Switching Used by Indonesia Lawyers Club on
TV One” the author used implements such as tables to collect the data to observe the
Code switching and code mixing and to analyze the type of Code switching and Code
mixing . “The author of the article “Code Switching and Code Mixing: A Sociolinguistic
Study of Senegalese International Students in Iraqi Colleges” implements such as pie
chart in classifying the language used by the students in different kinds of settings and
emphasizing the keywords of this research.

Moving on to the structure, style, and author's perspective on the previously stated
articles. The first articles that are used in the journal are Process essays, because
process essays are another type of exposition essay that describes how to do
something or how something works. A process essay in chronological order to
maintain organization and clarity of the article. For the research paper, the information
given is easy to understand and the author is really into the research in observing and
collecting the data. The second articles used in this journal are expository types of
essays, which means they provide clear and concise information on a given topic. The
written research papers are balanced and do not include the authors' personal
opinions.

As university students, we meet a large range of people of all ages every day when
we attend classes. We communicate with our friends and normalize code-switching to
widen our phrases in exchanging topics and matters. Some situations could not be
expressed as much as when we use another language as the other language has
more suitable expressions than the first language we use. Switching codes also helps
us to acknowledge the second language with our friends. We use a lot of code-
switching, particularly in Malay and English.
CONCLUSION

To conclude the article , the author from the article review of from An Analysis of Code-
Mixing and Code-Switching Used by Indonesia Lawyers Club on TV One is the
hypothesis The factors used code-mixing and code-switching are because of the
use of code-mixing and code-switching in the prestige of speaking and from the
background of different culture and different environment . so that the speaker would
be free and more comfortable to express their emotion and feeling when they are
talking. Based on the author , code-Mixing and code-Switching is frequently used
when they are talking to someone they are close to based on the situation they are in
. From this way , they can express the meaning clearly of what they are trying to say
by using the code-Mixing and code-switching. Moreover, the conclusion that can be
drawn from the research is that the use of code-switching and code mixing in daily use
has become a routine for a group of students. A side from that, code-switching has
become a common method for them to communicate with one another and it can be
seen in everyday life as well as on any other platforms. Both code switching and code
mixing are used by a group of students from Senegal who are studying Arabic in Iraq
– Najaf. However, this kind of multilingualism employed here is due to the fact that
these students were exposed to four languages at a very early age in Senegal.
REFERENCES

Silaban, S., & Marpaung, T. I. (2020). An Analysis of Code-Mixing and Code-Switching

Used by Indonesian Lawyers Club on TV One [Review of An Analysis of Code-

Mixing and Code-Switching Used by Indonesian Lawyers Club on TV One]. Journal

of English Teaching as Foreign Language, 6(3), 17.

Q. O. Al-Azzawi, M. M. Saadoon, and H. H. Mahdi, “Code Switching and Code Mixing: A

Sociolinguistic Study of Senegalese International Students in Iraqi Colleges”, JUBH,

vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 112–122, Dec. 2017.