Republic of the Philippines

Laguna State Polytechnic University

Province of Laguna

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
First Semester, Academic Year 2020-2021

GEC 104
MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

WRITTEN REPORT IN
STATEMENT OR PROPOSITION

Submitted by:
GARCIA, GIAN YVES C.
BS in Electronics Engineering 1-B

Submitted to:

DR. ENRICO R. RIVANO

January 2021

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INTRODUCTION/RATIONALE

In this lesson, we will discuss about elementary logic and the important role of it in

the world of mathematics. In addition, this topic will help you to determine the concept of

the statements and their falsity or truth. This lesson will provide information that will

enlighten the students about elementary logic and its sub-topics which includes the

proposition, connectives, simple and compound statements, and the propositional variable.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

On completion of this certain topic, the students or learners will be able to:

• Define the logic and its importance.

• Define and determine whether the statement is proposition or not.

• Represent a statement using propositional variable.

• Determine simple and compound statements.

• Form a compound statement using connectives.

• Determine the connectives and how to represent it using symbols.

TOPIC DISCUSSION

What Is Logic?

It refers to the science that studies the principle of correct reasoning. Also, it requires

the act of reasoning by humans in order to form thoughts and opinions, as well as

classifications and judgement.

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Importance Of Mathematical Logic

This rule gives meaning to mathematical statement and determine if the

mathematical arguments are valid or invalid.

Proposition

It is a declarative sentence that is either true or false. Therefore, if you encounter

sentences that is not answerable by true or false then it is not proposition. Let us have an

example.

1. The square root of 49 is 7.

2. The sum of one and two is three.

3. The capital of the Philippines is Laguna.

Propositional Variable

Propositional variable, these variables are used to represent the statements. We can

use any small letters, but these are the usual letters used to represent the statement.

Figure 1: Example Of Propositional Variable

Simple And Compound Statements

Simple statement is a statement that conveys a single idea. A compound statement

is a statement that conveys two or more ideas. Connecting simple statements with words

and phrases such as and, or, if and only if creates a compound statement.

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Examples of Simple Statements

1. I will attend the seminar.

2. I will go to the market.

3. My mother is cleaning the house.

4. Shaun is running in the backyard.

Examples of Compound Statements

1. I will attend the seminar or I will go to the market.

2. My mother is cleaning the house and Shaun is running in the backyard.

The given examples convey a single thought. It also consists of just one independent clause

and, has no dependent clause therefore we can say that the given examples are simple

statements. For our second batch of examples, they all consist of two or more ideas. We can

also see that the ideas were joined by the word or and the word and. Therefore, we can

conclude that if we see words such as or & and other connectives, we can say that it is a

compound statement.

Connectives And Symbols

Table 1: Connectives And Symbols

Connectives Symbols

not ~

and ^

or v

If…then →

If and only if ↔

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 First is the connective “not”, the word “not” is used for negation and it is a logical

proposition formed by asserting the falsity of a given proposition and it is represented by the

symbol called tilde. Next in line is “and”, it is used for conjunction and represented by the

symbol called caret. Next is the word “or”, used for disjunction and it is a compound

statement formed by joining two statements with the connector “or”. Represented by the

symbol called reversed caret. If…then statement, used for conditional statement, if-then

statement in which p is a hypothesis and q is a conclusion. Represented by the symbol called

right arrow. Last one is If and only if statement, it is called biconditional statement and it is a

combination of a conditional statement and its converse written in the if and only if form.

Represented by the symbol called left-right arrow.

SUMMARY

In conclusion, logic studies the principle of correct reasoning, but it is also the basis of

mathematical reasoning because mathematics works according to the laws of logic. In order

to apply the laws of logic to mathematical statements, you need to understand their logical

forms. Aside from giving meaning to mathematical statements, it can also distinguish if the

mathematical statement is valid or not. We can distinguish if it is valid or not by using the

truth table. In other hand, proposition is a declarative statement that is answerable by true or

false. It can represent by small letters called propositional variable. Compound statements

consist of two simple statements and combined by the connectives. There are different

connectives such as and(^), or(v), not(~0, if…then(→), and if and only if(↔).

REFERENCES

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gMY8AL1tQDM&list=LL&index=11

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ASSESSMENT

Proposition or Nah: Determine if the given statement is proposition or not.

1. The square root of 49 is 7.

2. The sum of one and two is three.

3. What is mathematics?

4. The capital of the Philippines is Laguna.

5. Please go to your room.

6. 8-8=0

7. Do you love me?

8. Cake or chocolate?

9. Black, white, and gray is my favorite color.

10. The world is Covid-19 free as of September.

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ANSWER TO ASSESSMENT

Proposition or Nah: Determine if the given statement is proposition or not.

1. The square root of 49 is 7. (Proposition)

2. The sum of one and two is three. (Proposition)

3. What is mathematics? (Not Proposition)

4. The capital of the Philippines is Laguna. (Proposition)

5. Please go to your room. (Not Proposition)

6. 8 - 8 = 0 (Proposition)

7. Do you love me? (Not Proposition)

8. Cake or chocolate? (Not Proposition)

9. Black, white, and gray is my favorite color. (Proposition)

10. The world is Covid-19 free as of September. (Proposition)