Davao Doctors College, Inc.

General Malvar St., Davao City

Nursing Program

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION MANAGEMENT

Activity Presented to the Nursing Clinical Instructors

of Davao Doctors College, Inc.

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Nrg 404: Disaster Nursing

Baguio, Rod Ryan; Baluyot, Jason Lee Y.; Belonta, Liven Jianne G.;
Cabrido ,Hylain T.;Carmen, Charity B.;Dimanagadap , Ria Pia M.Dimatingcal,
Warda M.;Ferrariz , Irish Mae C.;Guardiano, Jerosa V.;Irizari, Marifel M.

(February 14-18, 2022)

Table of contents Page
No.

A. What is Disaster Nursing …………………………………………. 1

B. Different phases of disaster………………………………………… 1-3

C.1 Nursing actions entailed with each phase…………… …………… 4

C.2 Different phases of disaster planning… ……………………………5-7

(Goals and significant activities entailed in each phase.)

Hazard Hunting…………………………... ………………………………… .8-10

References…………………………... ………………………………………….11
1. A. What is disaster nursing?

According to Kristin Allyce Reed and Amelia Marie Nelson (2020), during
a disaster situation, a nurse must be flexible and adaptable in order to fill
whatever role is necessary at the time, ensuring the best care for all patients.
And for the view of Kaithlyn Rojas, Disaster nursing is the adaptation of
professional nursing knowledge, skills, and attitude in recognizing and meeting
the physical and emotional needs of disaster victims. Based on the sources and
the understanding of the group disaster nursing is where nurses apply their
professional knowledge on healthcare, accommodating the people affected by a
disaster, these may include the different procedures, and over aspects of
healthcare (e.g. Spriritual, mental, physical, emotional).

B. What are the different phases of a disaster?

Emergency managers think of disasters as recurring events with four phases:

Mitigation, Preparedness, Response, and Recovery. The following diagram
illustrates the relationship of the four phases of emergency management.

Mitigation

Recovery Preparedness

Response

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Mitigation

This phase includes actions taken to prevent or reduce the cause, impact, and
consequences of disasters. Examples of hazard mitigation include:

 Tying down homes or barns with ground anchors to withstand wind

damage

 Digging water channels to redirect water and planting vegetation to absorb

water

 Constructing levees or permanent barriers to control flooding

 Reinforcing fencing to prevent animal escapes

 Buying insurance policies

Preparedness

This phase includes planning, training, and educational activities for events that
cannot be mitigated. Examples include:

 Developing disaster preparedness plans for what to do, where to go, or

who to call for help in a disaster

 Exercising plans through drills, tabletop exercises, and full-scale exercises

 Creating a supply list of items that are useful in a disaster

 Walking around a farm and identifying possible vulnerabilities to high

winds

2
Response

The response phase occurs in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. During the
response phase, business and other operations do not function normally.
Personal safety and wellbeing in an emergency and the duration of the response
phase depend on the level of preparedness. Examples of response activities
include:

 Implementing disaster response plans

 Conducting search and rescue missions
 Taking actions to protect yourself, your family, your animals, and others
 Addressing public perceptions about food safety

Recovery

During the recovery period, restoration efforts occur concurrently with regular
operations and activities. The recovery period from a disaster can be prolonged.
Examples of recovery activities include:

 Preventing or reducing stress-related illnesses and excessive financial

burdens

 Rebuilding damaged structures based on advanced knowledge obtained

from the preceding disaster

 Reducing vulnerability to future disasters

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B. 1. What are the nursing actions entailed with each phase?

With nursing being the most-trusted profession, the public assumes

nurses will step up in a crisis — and nurses usually do. The Red Cross relies on
the support of more than 20,000 student nurses and nurse volunteers to serve in
disaster response teams as clinicians, educators, and leaders. A Registered
Nurse (RN) to Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) program can help nurses
gain the knowledge and skills required for disaster response and preparedness.
Nurses serve as an essential resource and can hold a wide range of
responsibilities related to disaster preparedness and response including:

Serving within their organization. Developing an understanding of the disaster

preparedness and response plans, operational protocols, and security measures
can help nurses understand what their employers expect of them.
Providing education. Educating consumers and the community gives them the
knowledge they need to make it safely through a disaster and help others.
Knowledge can also do much to alleviate fear and anxiety.

Volunteering. Nurses who volunteer and become involved with an organized

disaster response system are better prepared when disaster strikes. A few
organizations that offer opportunities to assist with relief efforts include the
American Red Cross, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and
the United States Public Health Service (PHS).

Assisting during a disaster. A nurse may be assigned a variety of tasks during

a disaster such as delivering first aid and medication, assessing the state of
victims, and monitoring mental health needs.

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Preparing self and family. Some nurses have family members who rely on
them. Personal preparation with an emergency plan and basic emergency
supplies can help to ensure their families’ safety while easing the nurse’s worries.
Other things to consider include arranging a meeting place if separated, ensuring
reliable communication, and compiling important paperwork.

C. What are the different phases of disaster planning? Discuss the

goals and significant activities entailed in each phase.

The International Federation of Red Cross & Red Crescent Societies

defines disaster management as the organization and management of resources
and responsibilities for dealing with all the humanitarian aspects of emergencies,
in particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact
of disasters.

Disaster Prevention – “The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of

hazards and related disasters.” UNISDR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk
Reduction) views Disaster Prevention as the concept of appealing in activities
which intend to prevent or avoid potential adverse impacts through action taken
in advance, activities designed to provide protection from the phenomenon of
disasters. Comparably highlight that while not all disasters can be prevented,
good risk management, evacuation plans, environmental planning and design
standards can reduce risk of loss of life and injury mitigation. The HYOGO
Framework was one such Global Plan for natural Disaster Risk Reduction, which
was adopted in 2005 as a 10-year Global Plan, signed by agreement with 168
Governments which offered guiding principles, priorities for action and practical
means for achieving disaster resilience for vulnerable communities.

Disaster Preparedness – “The knowledge and capacities developed by

governments, professional response and recovery organizations, communities

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and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from, the
impacts of likely, impending or current hazard events or conditions”. According to
ICRC, Disaster Preparedness refers to measures taken to prepare for and lessen
the effects of disasters, be they natural or man-made. This is achieved through
research and planning in order to try to forecast areas or regions that may be at
risk of disaster and where possible prevent these from occurring and/or reduce
the impact those disasters on the vulnerable populations that may be affected so
they can successfully cope. Disaster preparedness activities embedded with risk
reduction measures can prevent disaster situations and also result in saving
maximum lives and livelihoods during any disaster situation, enabling the
affected population to get back to normally within a short time period.
Minimization of loss of life and damage to property through facilitation of effective
disaster response and rehabilitation services when required. Preparedness is the
main way of reducing the impact of disasters. Community-based preparedness
and management should be a high priority in physical therapy practice
management.

Disaster Response / Relief – “The provision of emergency services and public

assistance during or immediately after a disaster in order to save lives, reduce
health impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic subsistence needs of the
people affected”. Focused predominantly on immediate and short-term needs,
the division between this response/relief stage and the subsequent recovery
stage is not clear-cut. Some response actions, such as the supply of temporary
housing and water supplies, may extend well into the recovery stage. Rescue
from immediate danger and stabilization of the physical and emotional condition
of survivors is the primary aims of disaster response/relief, which go hand in
hand with the recovery of the dead and the restoration of essential services such
as water and power. Multi-agency response is vital to this stage of Disaster
Management in order to reduce the impact of a disaster and its long-term results
with relief activities including:

• Rescue

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• Relocation

• Provision Food and Water

• Provision Emergency Health Care

• Prevention of Disease and Disability

• Repairing Vital Services e.g., Telecommunications, Transport

• Provision Temporary Shelter

Disaster Recovery - Vulnerability of communities often continues for long

after the initial crisis is over. Disaster Recovery refers to those programs which
go beyond the provision of immediate relief to assist those who have suffered the
full impact of a disaster and include the following activities:

• Rebuilding Infrastructure e.g., Homes, Schools, Hospitals, Roads

• Health Care and Rehabilitation

• Development Activities e.g., building human resources for health

• Development Policies and Practices to avoid or mitigate similar situations

in future

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 HOW DOES IT
LOCATION IDENTIFIED LEVEL OF RECOMMENDATIONS
AFFECT THE
HAZZARD RISK
OCCUPANTS

1. In the Unsecured It may fly open MODERATE Many types of latches a

Kitchen cabinet doors during available to prevent th
earthquakes, child-proof latches, hook a
allowing eye latches, or positi
glassware and catch latches designed
dishes to crash boats. Gas applianc
to the floor should have flexib
connectors to reduce t
risk of fire. Secu
refrigerators and other ma
appliances to walls usi
earthquake applian
straps.

2. Televisions, Bad wiring can HIGH Avoid water at all tim

Electronics computers and increase the when working w
microwaves and chances of fires, electricity. Never touch or
other electronics power surges, repairing any electric
and other equipment or circuits w
serious wet hands. It increases t
consequences. conductivity of the elect

8
poor wiring and Damaged, worn current. Never u
defective electric or corroded equipment with frayed cord
wires. Covered electrical wires damaged insulation,
electrical cords can increase broken plugs. Electric
and wires. the chances of wires and cords radia
electrical heat. If in doubt, keep cor
accidents. and wires away from item
Heavy covering and keep them uncovere
of wires can Extension cords should
make the cords carefully fixed in place, wh
overheat. While possible, to reduce t
it’s somewhat chance of tripping or oth
rare, covered accidents. Use plas
cords and wires socket closures on unus
can sockets for extra safety.  I
occasionally always best to avoid do
lead to electrical yourself electrical work a
fires due to get professional electricia
overheating. to perform Most Dangero
Home Electrical Hazards.

9
3. Octopus wiring It increases the Moderate Instead of connecting the
Computer risk of fire and all together into a single w
wires other electrical- outlet, connect some
related different outlets to distribu
accidents. the load of electricity.

10
Floor Plan

1.

11
2.

12
REFERENCES:

2022 – International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Society

AANP National Nurse Practitioner Database, 2021. American Association of Colleges of Nursing
(AACN). (2021). 2020-2021 Enrollment and Graduations in Baccalaureate and Graduate
Programs in Nursing. Washington, DC: AACN. 2020 AANP National Nurse Practitioner Sample
Survey.

Disaster nursing. Disaster Nursing - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics. (n.d.). Retrieved

February 14, 2022, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/nursing-and-health-
professions/disaster-nursing

Unit four emergency management in the United States. (n.d.). Retrieved February 14, 2022,
from https://training.fema.gov/emiweb/downloads/is111_unit%204.pdf

What is disaster nursing? - trusted health. RSS. (2022, January 22). Retrieved February 14, 2022,
from https://www.trustedhealth.com/blog/what-is-disaster-nursing

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