SCIENCE NOTES (RESPIRATORY SYSTEM)
Respiratory system- also known as the human breathing system
o Is responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
o Parts:
o Nose & mouth- the entrance of oxygen in our body
o Nasal cavity/Nasal passageways- the air passing this part is warm, damp and clean
o Pharynx- our throat
o Larynx- is our voice box
o Trachea- also known as windpipe
An empty tube that serves as a passageway of air into the lungs.
o Lungs- the main organ of the respiratory system
o Bronchi- the two branching tubes that connect the trachea to the lungs
Are divided into bronchioles which are smaller tubes and finally to the alveoli
(air sacs)
o Bronchioles- these are the hairlike tubes that connect to the alveoli
o Alveoli- these are air sacs that allow gas exchange in the lungs
o What happens when we breath in and out?
o Inhale- ribs move out and the chest space increases
Diaphragm muscles contracts
Oxygen enters out body
o Exhale- ribs move in and chest space decreases
Diaphragm muscle relaxes
Carbon dioxide exits our body
o Circulatory and respiratory systems work together.
o Air first enters your lungs then onto the left part of your heart.
o It is driven by your heart into the bloodstream, all the way through your body.
o The heart pumps blood, which transports essential nutrients, oxygen and other
chemicals to every cell in your body.
o Once it reaches cells, oxygen processes the nutrients to release energy.
o Carbon dioxide is given off during the process.
o The blood delivers carbon dioxide into the right portion of the heart, from which it is
pumped to the lungs. Carbon dioxide leaves your body through your through the lungs
when you exhale.
o Types of circulation:
o Pulmonary circulation- is the movement of blood from the heart to the lungs
and, back to the heart
o Coronary circulation- the movement of blood through the tissues of the heart
o Systemic circulation- the movement of blood from the heart to the rest of the
body, excluding lungs.
SCIENCE NOTES (CIRCULATORY SYSTEM)
Circulatory system- Also known as Cardiovascular system
o Is the life support structure that nourishes your cells
o It functions with other body systems to deliver different materials in the body
o Parts:
o Heart- it pumps the blood throughput the body
o Blood vessels
Viens- carry blood towards the heart
Arteries- carry blood away from the heart
Capillaries- smallest blood vessel in the body
o Blood- carries materials throughout the body
o The heart has 4 chambers:
o Right atrium
o Left atrium
o Right ventricle
o Left ventricle
o The 2 atria are receiving chambers of the heart, accepting blood from the body and lungs.
o The 2 ventricles are the pumping chambers, moving blood to the lugs and into the body.
o There is a valve between each atrium and ventricle to present the blood from flowing
backwards. It’s like one-way doors that keep the blood moving in only one direction.
o Parts of the heart:
o Superior vena cava
o Right atrium
o Right ventricle
o Inferior vena cava
o Aorta
o Pulmonary artery
o Pulmonary vein
o Left atrium
o Left ventricle
