INTERNSHIP

REPORT

From
1st March to 30th April

1
 INTERNSHIP AT
GOREJA SEED CORPORATION
FAISALABAD

SUBMITTED BY
Syed Taha
2019-ag-8144

Semester 8th

Institute of Business Management

Science(IBMS)

University of Agriculture Faisalabad

2
Table of Content
Certificate ………………………………………….4

DEDICATION………………………………………… 5

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………6

Exclusive Summary …………………………………7

PAKISTAN Agriculture overview …………………..9

PAKISTAN Agro seed Industry Overview………….19

Analysis of Agriculture in Punjab ……………………23

GOREJA SEED CORPORATION FAISALABAD, PVT
Overview…………………………………………………25

Products Profile …………………………………………27

Suggessions and Recommendations ……………………35

Conclusion ………………………………………………..37

Refrences …………………………………………………..39

3
 Certificate

This is to certify that Mr.Syed Taha Imran , student of

University of Agriculture, Faisalabad having registration No. 2019-AG-

8144 has successfully completed the internship programme from 1st

March 2023 to 30th April 2023 in our organization Goreja Seed

Corporation 13 New Grain Market Dijkot Road, Faisalabad.

Superviser Signature
Mr.Muhammad Rizwan

CEO

4
 DEDICATION

"I dedicate this report to Goreja Seed Corporation and its owner, Sir
Rizwan. Thank you for providing me with the opportunity to intern at
your esteemed company and gain valuable experience in the field of
agriculture. I am grateful for the guidance and support of my colleagues
and mentors, who helped me to develop my skills and grow both
personally and professionally. This report is a testament to the hard work
and dedication of everyone at Goreja Seed Corporation, and I am honored
to have been a part of such a dynamic and innovative team. Thank you,
Sir Rizwan, for your leadership and vision, and for inspiring me to pursue
a career in agriculture."
Remember, your dedication should be personal and heartfelt, and should
reflect your gratitude and appreciation for the opportunity to complete
your internship at Goreja Seed Corporation.

5
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Goreja Seed Corporation

and its owner, Sheikh Rizwan Goreja, for providing me with the
opportunity to intern at their esteemed organization. I am truly thankful
for their support, guidance, and trust throughout my internship. The
experience and knowledge gained during my time at Goreja Seed
Corporation have been invaluable in shaping my understanding of the
seed industry and its marketing aspects. I am indebted to the company
and Mr. Goreja for their unwavering support and for fostering a positive
learning environment.

6
Exclusive Summary
This exclusive summary provides an overview of the internship report
focused on the seed industry in Pakistan, with a particular emphasis on
the activities and analysis of Goreja Seed Corporation, Faisalabad, Pvt.
The report aims to explore the agriculture sector in Pakistan, specifically
in Punjab, and provide an in-depth understanding of the agro seed
industry.

The report begins with an introduction to the dedication and

acknowledgment sections, expressing gratitude and recognition for the
support and guidance received throughout the internship.

It then proceeds with an overview of the agriculture sector in Pakistan,

highlighting its significance and contribution to the country's economy.
The report explores key factors such as agricultural practices, crop
diversity, and the challenges faced by farmers in the region.

Next, the focus shifts to the agro seed industry in Pakistan, providing a
comprehensive overview of its structure, key players, and market
dynamics. This section delves into the role of seed companies in
promoting sustainable agriculture and ensuring food security in the
country.

Moving further, the report presents an analysis of agriculture in Punjab, a

major agricultural hub in Pakistan. It examines the crop patterns,
production trends, and challenges faced by farmers in the region. The
analysis also includes an assessment of the role played by agro seed
companies, with a specific focus on Goreja Seed Corporation, Faisalabad,
Pvt.

The subsequent section offers an in-depth overview of Goreja Seed

Corporation, providing insights into its history, vision, and operations.
The report explores the company's product profile, emphasizing its seed
varieties, quality standards, and market presence.

Based on the analysis conducted, the report provides suggestions and

recommendations to enhance the performance and competitiveness of the
agro seed industry. These recommendations focus on areas such as
research and development, farmer education and training, and
collaboration between public and private sectors.

Finally, the report concludes by summarizing the key findings and

insights gained throughout the internship. It highlights the importance of

7
the seed industry in driving agricultural productivity and emphasizes the
need for continuous innovation and collaboration to address the
challenges faced by farmers.

The report references credible sources and research studies to support its
analysis and recommendations. These references serve as a valuable
resource for readers interested in exploring the topics covered in more
depth.

Overall, this internship report provides a comprehensive overview of the

seed industry in Pakistan, with a specific focus on Goreja Seed
Corporation. It offers valuable insights and recommendations to enhance
the performance and sustainability of the agro seed sector, contributing to
the overall growth and development of agriculture in the country.

PAKISTAN Agriculture Overview

Overview
Agriculture is the mainstay of Pakistan's economy. It accounts for 19% of
the GDP and together with agro-based products fetches 80% of the
country’s total export earnings. More than 42.3% of the labor force is
engaged in this sector.
The most populated province of Punjab provides the largest share in
national agricultural production. Agriculture offers 19% of the GDP and
gives employment to 48% of the population. It contributes in provision of
raw materials to major industries; textile, leather, rice processing, edible
oil, sugar and various food processing industries. Pakistan’s total export
has a three fourth share of agriculture and 60% of this share comes from
Punjab. Over years, Punjab has tried to meet the challenges of food
security.
Punjab becomes the second largest province making 25.9% of the
country's total land, with its area of 20.63 million hectares. Land
utilization status is accessible for 86% of the aggregate territory; while
14% land stays unreported. Another 14% of the area is not available for
agriculture due to either being totally fertile or being occupied by
infrastructure consequently only 72% of the land is available for cropping.
10.81 million hectares (53%) is a net sown area; an area that is cultivated
at least once and year. 9% of the land is categorized as current fallow; an
area that is not used for cultivation during a year. 8% land is marked as
culturable waste which means an area that is not cultivated for more than
three years and is a part of cultivated area.

8
Census of agriculture 2016-17 shows that there were 5,249,800
agriculture farms in Punjab, these farms consist majorly of very small
farms. 42% of the farms are even less than one hector. Farms ranging
from one hectare to 10 hectares make up half of the total number of farms
and they occupy 68.9 % of the total area. Farms consisting of 10 hectares
and above are 22.2% of the total farm area.
Punjab’s total cropped area was 16.68 million hectares; this depicts that
5.87 million hectares was sown more than once during the year. In 2018-
19, wheat was cropped in 40% of the land similarly cotton occupies
11.5% and rice 12.8% the Punjab’s total cropped area.
To fulfill the needs of the livestock population of the province, fodder
was cropped in 11% of the, following Maize and Sugarcane occupying
4.2 % and 4.8% area respectively. Oilseeds, pulses and vegetables were
cropped only in 12% of the area.
The mission is to sustain food security and support the national economy,
making agriculture cost effective and knowledge based, with emphasis on
farmer’s welfare and maintenance of the yield potentials.

Land Utilization Statistics

EARLY HISTORY OF AGRICULTE IN PAKISTAN

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The early history of agriculture in Pakistan dates back thousands of years,
with the region being one of the cradles of civilization and a center for
agricultural development. The fertile lands of the Indus River Valley
provided a conducive environment for early human settlements and the
development of advanced agricultural practices. This article explores the
early history of agriculture in Pakistan, focusing on the ancient
civilizations of the Indus Valley and their contributions to agricultural
development.

Ancient Civilizations: a. Indus Valley Civilization (3300-1300 BCE):

The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan civilization,

flourished in the region encompassing modern-day Pakistan, India, and
Afghanistan.
Agriculture was the primary economic activity of the Harappans, with
evidence of well-planned agricultural systems and irrigation techniques.
The Harappans cultivated a variety of crops, including wheat, barley, rice,
peas, and sesame, using advanced agricultural practices such as plowing
and crop rotation.
They built an extensive network of canals and reservoirs to manage water
resources, ensuring a steady water supply for irrigation.
b. Vedic Period (1500-500 BCE):
The Vedic period marked the arrival of Indo-Aryan tribes and the
introduction of Vedic literature, including agricultural practices and
rituals.
Agriculture continued to be the backbone of the economy, with
cultivation of crops such as barley, wheat, rice, and pulses.
The Rigveda, one of the oldest religious texts, contains hymns and
references to agricultural practices, land fertility, and the importance of
cows in agricultural production.

Agricultural Practices: a. Irrigation:

The early inhabitants of the region developed sophisticated irrigation

systems to harness the waters of the Indus River and its tributaries.
Canals, reservoirs, and wells were constructed to channel water for
irrigation, ensuring a regular water supply for crop cultivation.
b. Crop Cultivation:
The early agricultural communities in Pakistan cultivated a diverse range
of crops, including grains, fruits, vegetables, and oilseeds.
Wheat, barley, rice, millet, sesame, dates, and cotton were among the
prominent crops grown during ancient times.

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Agricultural practices such as plowing, sowing, harvesting, and storage
were carried out using simple tools and implements made of stone, wood,
and metal.
c. Livestock Rearing:
Livestock rearing, including cattle, sheep, goats, and poultry, was an
integral part of early agricultural communities.
Livestock provided not only milk, meat, and wool but also played a
crucial role in agricultural activities like plowing and transportation.

Trade and Urbanization:

The prosperity of early agricultural communities led to the growth of

urban centers and trade networks.
The availability of surplus agricultural produce facilitated trade, both
within the region and with neighboring civilizations like Mesopotamia
and Central Asia.
Urban centers such as Mohenjo-daro and Harappa emerged as thriving
hubs of trade, commerce, and craftsmanship, supported by a well-
developed agricultural system.

Legacy and Impact:

The agricultural practices and techniques developed during ancient times

in Pakistan have left a lasting impact on the region's agricultural heritage.
Many of the crops cultivated by early civilizations continue to be
important staples in the region's diet and economy.
The knowledge of irrigation systems, crop cultivation, and livestock
rearing techniques has been passed down through generations, shaping
the agricultural practices of present-day Pakistan.

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Production

Pakistan has a diverse agricultural sector that contributes significantly to

the country's economy. In addition to the crops mentioned, Pakistan also
produces various other agricultural products. Let's explore some of them
in detail:

Sugarcane:

Pakistan is the fifth-largest global producer of sugarcane, with a

production of 67.1 million tons in 2021.
Sugarcane cultivation is concentrated in Punjab and Sindh provinces,
where favorable climatic conditions and irrigation facilities support its
growth.
The sugarcane industry plays a crucial role in supporting the sugar and
ethanol sectors, providing employment opportunities and contributing to
export earnings.

Wheat:

Pakistan is the seventh-largest producer of wheat, with a production of

25.0 million tons in 2021.
Wheat is a staple food crop in Pakistan, and its cultivation is widespread
across the country, particularly in Punjab and Sindh.
The government of Pakistan emphasizes improving wheat productivity
through the distribution of quality seeds, adoption of modern farming
techniques, and provision of subsidies to farmers.

Rice:

Pakistan is the tenth-largest producer of rice, with a production of 10.8

million tons in 2021.
Rice cultivation is prominent in Punjab and Sindh provinces, where
suitable climatic conditions and fertile soil support its growth.
Pakistan is known for producing high-quality rice varieties, including
Basmati and IRRI, which are in demand both domestically and
internationally.

Maize:

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Pakistan is the twentieth-largest producer of maize, with a production of
6.3 million tons in 2021.
Maize cultivation is spread across various regions of the country,
including Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Maize is used as animal feed, as well as for human consumption and the
production of various maize-based products such as corn oil and
cornstarch.

Cotton:

Pakistan is the fifth-largest producer of cotton, with a production of 4.8

million tons in 2021.
Cotton cultivation is primarily concentrated in Punjab and Sindh
provinces, where favorable climate and irrigation facilities support its
growth.
The cotton industry is a significant contributor to the textile sector, which
is one of Pakistan's largest industries and a major source of export
earnings.

Potato:

Pakistan is the eighteenth-largest producer of potatoes, with a production

of 4.6 million tons in 2021.
Potato cultivation takes place in various regions of the country, including
Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan.
Potatoes are an essential food crop and are consumed both domestically
and exported to neighboring countries.

Mango:

Pakistan is the fifth-largest global producer of mangoes, with a

production of 2.3 million tons in 2021.

Mango cultivation is
prominent in Punjab and
Sindh provinces, with
several popular varieties
grown, including Sindhri,
Chaunsa, and Anwar
Ratol.
Pakistani mangoes are
renowned for their taste
and quality and are

13
exported to many countries, earning valuable foreign exchange for the
country.
These are just a few examples of the agricultural products produced in
Pakistan. The country also produces significant quantities of onions,
oranges, tangerines, tomatoes, apples, watermelons, carrots, and dates,
among others. The agricultural sector in Pakistan continues to evolve,
with the government implementing policies and initiatives to enhance
productivity, improve quality, and explore new market opportunities,
both domestically and internationally.

Ranking
Pakistan's agricultural sector holds significant rankings in global
production and supply of various food and crops. Here are some of the
notable rankings:

Chickpea:

Pakistan ranks 3rd globally in chickpea production.

Chickpeas are a crucial legume crop in Pakistan, commonly used in
traditional cuisine and exported to meet international demand.

Apricot:

Pakistan ranks 6th globally in apricot production.

Apricots are grown in regions with suitable climatic conditions,
particularly in Gilgit-Baltistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Cotton:

Pakistan ranks 5th globally in cotton production.

Cotton is a major cash crop in Pakistan, contributing significantly to the
textile industry and export earnings.

Milk:

Pakistan ranks 4th globally in milk production.

The dairy sector plays a crucial role in Pakistan's agriculture, with both
small-scale and large-scale dairy farming contributing to milk production.

Date Palm:

14
Pakistan ranks 5th globally in date palm production.
Date palms are cultivated in regions with a warm climate, such as Sindh
and Balochistan, and the dates are consumed locally and exported.

Sugarcane:

Pakistan ranks 5th globally in sugarcane production.

Sugarcane cultivation is widespread, primarily in Punjab and Sindh,
supporting the sugar and ethanol industries.

Onion:

Pakistan ranks 7th globally in onion production.

Onions are an essential vegetable crop in Pakistan, consumed
domestically and exported to meet international demand.

Kinnow, mandarin oranges, clementine:

Pakistan ranks 6th globally in the production of kinnow, mandarin

oranges, and clementine.
These citrus fruits are grown in Punjab and are renowned for their juicy
flavor and high-quality.

Mango:

Pakistan ranks 4th globally in mango production.

Mangoes are a pride of Pakistan's agricultural exports, with varieties like
Sindhri, Chaunsa, and Anwar Ratol being highly sought after worldwide.

Wheat:

Pakistan ranks 7th globally in wheat production.

Wheat is a staple food crop in Pakistan, and the country aims to enhance
productivity and meet domestic demand through various agricultural
policies.

Rice:

Pakistan ranks 11th globally in rice production.

Rice cultivation is significant in Punjab and Sindh, with both Basmati and
IRRI varieties being cultivated and exported.
Moreover, Pakistan ranks 8th globally in terms of farm output, according
to the List of countries by GDP sector composition. This highlights the

15
significance of the agricultural sector in contributing to the country's
overall economic growth.
These rankings reflect the agricultural diversity and productivity of
Pakistan, highlighting the country's potential as a major player in the
global food and crop market.

Crops
Crops play a vital role in Pakistan's agricultural sector, contributing
significantly to the country's economy. The most important crops include
wheat, sugarcane, cotton, and rice, which collectively account for over
75% of the value of total crop output. Here are some key points regarding
crop production in Pakistan:

Wheat:

Wheat is Pakistan's largest food crop and holds great economic

importance.
In 2018, Pakistan's wheat output reached 26.3 million tonnes.
The country has shown substantial growth in wheat production, with over
25 to 23 million tons harvested in 2012.

Sugarcane:

Sugarcane is another significant crop in Pakistan, contributing to the

sugar and ethanol industries.
Pakistan ranks 5th globally in sugarcane production, with a considerable
output of 67.1 million tons in 2021.

Cotton:

Cotton is a cash crop that plays a crucial role in Pakistan's textile industry.
Pakistan ranks 5th globally in cotton production, with a production of 4.8
million tons in 2021.

Rice:

Rice is an important crop in Pakistan, cultivated primarily in Punjab and

Sindh provinces.
Pakistan ranks 11th globally in rice production, and it is a significant
export commodity.

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Land distribution and land reform

Land distribution and land reform have been significant issues in Pakistan,
with implications for poverty, inequality, and agricultural productivity.
The imbalance in land ownership has been criticized for perpetuating
poverty and food insecurity. The concentration of land ownership is
substantial, with a small percentage of the population owning a
significant portion of farmland.

According to data from the Society for Conservation and Protection of

the Environment (SCOPE), approximately half of rural households in
Pakistan are landless, while 5% of the population owns nearly two-thirds
of the farmland. The World Bank's agricultural census in 2000 revealed
that 63.3% of rural households were landless. Among the remaining 37%
of rural households, a majority owned less than 5 acres of land, which

17
accounted for only 15% of the total land area. In contrast, 2% of
households owned 50 acres or more, controlling 30% of the total land
area.

Studies indicate that small farmers have higher net returns per hectare
compared to large farms. Empirical evidence suggests that land
productivity on large farms in Pakistan is lower than that of small farms,
even when other factors are held constant. Additionally, sharecroppers'
productivity tends to be lower than that of landowners, as there is less
incentive for sharecroppers to invest their labor inputs.
Land reform efforts have been made in Pakistan, but their success has
been limited. The first attempts at land reform took place under Ayub
Khan's government in the late 1950s with the West Pakistan Land
Reforms Regulation 1959. However, the implementation of this
regulation led to land being divided among members of landowning
families to bypass the imposed landholding ceilings.
During the 1970s, the People's Party government, under Prime Minister
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, introduced significant land reform laws to address
poverty, inequality, and agricultural productivity. The Land Reform
Regulation 1972 aimed to place ceilings on agricultural holdings, with
excess land being seized by the state and distributed to the landless.
However, the implementation of these reforms was uneven and faced
opposition from powerful landlords, who mobilized against the reforms
and questioned their fairness and Islamic compatibility.
Following the overthrow of Bhutto's government, landlord victims of
land reform appealed to Islamic courts established by General Zia-ul-Haq.

The courts, including the Shariat Appellate Bench and Federal Shariat
Court, effectively suspended the implementation of land reforms and
repealed key provisions. In 1989, a decision by the Shariat Appellate
Bench ruled against setting a ceiling on landholdings, arguing that
compulsory redistribution of wealth or land contradicts Islamic principles.
The outcome of these legal challenges has resulted in the reversal of
many of the land reforms initiated by Bhutto. Land reform in Pakistan is
currently at a similar level as it was in 1947, as the regulations and acts
introduced in the 1970s have been struck down or repealed.
It is important to note that opinions on land reform in Pakistan vary.
Some argue that land reform is necessary to address poverty and
inequality, while others express concerns about its impact on population
growth and sustainability.
In conclusion, land distribution and land reform in Pakistan have been
contentious issues. The concentration of land ownership and the
prevalence of landlessness in rural areas have implications for poverty,

18
inequality, and agricultural productivity. While efforts have been made to
address these issues through land reform, the implementation and
effectiveness of such reforms have been limited, and legal challenges
have resulted in significant setbacks. The debate on land reform continues
in Pakistan, with varying perspectives on its impact and feasibility.

PAKISTAN Agro seed Industry Overview

Introduction

The agricultural sector is widely recognized as the backbone of Pakistan's

economy, contributing significantly to its GDP, employment, industrial
production, and export earnings. However, in recent years, the declining
yields of important crops have hindered the sector's contribution to
overall economic growth. Among these crops, cotton has experienced the
most pronounced decline in yield. To address this challenge, the
availability of high-quality seeds plays a crucial role in achieving
sustained crop production and productivity.

Unfortunately, Pakistan's seed supply system is underdeveloped, resulting

in a significant gap in the availability of quality seeds. As of FY19-20,
the supply of certified seeds could meet only 40.6 percent of the country's
seed requirement. This inadequacy in seed availability has far-reaching
implications for agricultural output and productivity. Moreover, the

19
impacts of climate change on crop yields in recent years have further
emphasized the need for the development and distribution of new seed
varieties that can adapt to changing weather conditions.
Studies indicate that the use of good quality seeds alone can increase crop
yields by up to 15-20 percent, while effective use of other inputs such as
fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation can enhance yields by up to 45
percent. Conversely, the use of low-quality seeds negatively affects crop
yields. Therefore, addressing the inefficiencies in the seed market is
crucial for improving agricultural productivity in Pakistan.
The seed market in Pakistan faces various supply and demand side issues.
On the supply side, factors such as inadequate and delayed legislation,
lack of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) protection, financial
constraints, and weak regulatory enforcement have hindered the
development of a dynamic seed market. The fiscal devolution in 2010 has
also exacerbated the situation, leading to confusion regarding the roles of
provincial and federal governments in seed development and distribution.
This uncertainty, coupled with weak institutional frameworks, has
deterred multinational companies from investing in seed development in
Pakistan.

Structure of Pakistan’s Seed Market

The Formal Seed Market of Pakistan :

The formal seed market in Pakistan consists of both private and public
sector institutions and entities involved in various seed-related operations.
These include research and development of new varieties, multiplication
and distribution of authorized seed varieties, and overall regulation of the
seed market. Major entities within the formal seed sector include public
sector seed corporations (such as Punjab and Sindh Seed Corporations),
regulatory organizations like the Federal Seed Certification &
Registration Board (FSC&RD) and the National Biosafety Committee
(NBC), research institutions like the Pakistan Agriculture Research
Council (PARC) and the Pakistan Central Cotton Committee (PCCC),
private seed companies, and input dealers.

In the public sector, various research institutions at the federal and

provincial levels engage in research activities to develop high-yielding
seed varieties. Federal-level agricultural research centers include the
Pakistan Central Cotton Committee (PCCC), the Pakistan Agricultural
Research Council (PARC), and research institutes under the Pakistan
Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC). At the provincial level, the Ayub

20
Agricultural Research Institution (AARI) in Punjab leads in plant
breeding and the development of new seed varieties. Additionally,
academia, with the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (UAF) being the
largest university, also plays a significant role in agricultural and
horticultural activities.
The private sector has gradually increased its involvement in seed variety
development. Due to
financial and
management
difficulties in the
public sector
institutes and the
expansion of the
private sector,
private companies
have taken over the
role of seed
development. In
particular, the
private sector plays a significant role in meeting the seed requirement for
cotton, maize, and rice crops. Local seed producing and distribution
companies dominate the private sector, with a limited presence of
multinational companies (MNCs). MNCs such as Bayer, ICI, Pioneer,
Syngenta, and Monsanto have played a crucial role in introducing hybrid
seeds in Pakistan.

Important Crops Yields and Seed Availability in Pakistan

According to the information provided, the important crops in Pakistan,

including wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane, and maize, have a significant
contribution to the agriculture sector and the country's GDP. However,
the contribution of these crops to GDP growth has been negative in recent
years, primarily due to declining yields.

21
Among the important crops, cotton has experienced the most significant
decline in yield, leading to a reduction in GDP growth. On the other hand,
there has been some improvement in the area of rice and maize crops,
thanks to the adoption of high-yielding hybrid seeds. However, the yield
of the wheat crop remains below its potential due to the lower usage of
certified seeds.
The average yields of important crops in Pakistan are considerably lower
than those of progressive farmers within the country and global averages.

Pakistan’s Experience with GM technology in

Cotton – Causes of Failures

Pakistan's experience with GM technology in cotton, specifically Bt

cotton, has been marked by a decline in cotton crop yield in recent years.
There are several key factors that have contributed to this decline:

Pest attacks: Pest attacks, including the infestation of bollworms and the
spread of Cotton Leaf Curl Virus disease (CLCuV), have been major
challenges for cotton production in Pakistan. In 2016, pest attacks caused
27.4 percent yield losses, and in 2020, yield losses reached 25.5 percent.
Pakistan relies heavily on insecticides and pesticides, with around 60
percent of overall pesticide use directed towards cotton crops.

22
Delayed commercial adoption of Bt cotton: Pakistan was slow in
allowing the commercial cultivation of Bt cotton. While the technology
was developed by Monsanto, the multinational company that is a global
leader in GM seeds, Pakistan did not approve commercial plantation until
the 2010-11 season. This delay was partly due to concerns about violating
Monsanto's intellectual property rights (IPRs), which expired in 2010. In
contrast, India started commercial cultivation of Bt cotton in 2002 to
discourage the informal use of the technology.

Informal transfer of Bt technology: In the absence of official approval,

Bt cotton technology was informally transferred to the Pakistani market
in the early 2000s. Initially planted on a small scale, Bt cotton quickly
gained popularity among growers due to its pest resistance properties and
lower cost of crop management. However, the varieties that were illegally
transferred to Pakistan were not fully suitable for the country's climate
and showed little or no resistance against other important cotton pests like
the Cotton Leaf Curl Virus and Mealy Bugs.

Spread of poor quality Bt cotton seeds: The proliferation of uncertified

varieties of Bt cotton seeds, developed by both private and public sector
breeders, has contributed to the decline in crop yields. The informal
sector did not follow proper protocols for seed multiplication, resulting in
the release of premature varieties for short-term profits. This led to a loss
of the genetic potential of Bt cotton varieties in Pakistan. Mixing poor
quality seeds, seed contamination, and unsuitable crop management
practices have also affected crop yields.

Analysis of Agriculture in Punjab

Introduction: Agriculture plays a vital role in the economy of Punjab, a
province in Pakistan. Known as the "breadbasket of Pakistan," Punjab
contributes significantly to the country's agricultural production and food
security. This analysis aims to delve into various aspects of agriculture in
Punjab, including its contribution to the economy, major crops grown,
irrigation systems, challenges faced, and potential areas for improvement.
Contribution to the Economy: Agriculture is the backbone of Punjab's
economy, employing a significant portion of the population and
contributing to the province's GDP. Punjab's agricultural sector
encompasses crop cultivation, livestock farming, dairy production, and
poultry farming. The sector provides livelihoods for millions of farmers

23
and rural communities, supporting economic growth and poverty
reduction.
Major Crops Grown: Punjab is renowned for its diverse range of crops.
Wheat is the most significant crop grown in the region, followed by rice,
sugarcane, cotton, maize, and vegetables. These crops fulfill both
domestic consumption and export requirements, contributing to the
country's food security and foreign exchange earnings. Additionally,
Punjab has seen an increasing trend in the cultivation of high-value cash
crops such as fruits, vegetables, and floriculture.
Irrigation Systems: Punjab benefits from an extensive irrigation network,
primarily consisting of canals fed by rivers, such as the Indus and its
tributaries. The canal irrigation system supports agriculture throughout
the province, ensuring water availability for crop cultivation. However,
there are challenges related to water scarcity, inefficient water
management practices, and the need for modernization and maintenance
of the irrigation infrastructure.
Challenges Faced: Despite its significant contributions, agriculture in
Punjab faces several challenges that hinder its full potential:

Water Scarcity: Punjab experiences water shortages due to factors like

inefficient irrigation practices, overexploitation of groundwater, and
climate change. Ensuring sustainable water management practices and
promoting water-efficient technologies are crucial to address this
challenge.

Land Degradation: Soil erosion, salinity, and degradation of agricultural

land pose a threat to long-term agricultural productivity. Implementing
soil conservation measures, promoting sustainable farming practices, and
providing farmers with knowledge and resources can help mitigate this
challenge.

Climate Change: Punjab is vulnerable to the impacts of climate change,

including unpredictable weather patterns, increased temperatures, and
extreme events. Farmers need support to adapt to these changes, such as
access to climate-resilient crop varieties, weather forecasting, and
insurance mechanisms.

Technology Adoption: Limited access to modern agricultural

technologies and practices hampers productivity and efficiency.
Promoting the adoption of innovative farming techniques, precision

24
agriculture, mechanization, and digital tools can enhance productivity and
sustainability.

Market Access: Farmers often struggle with limited market access, low
price realization, and lack of value addition opportunities. Strengthening
agricultural marketing systems, improving infrastructure, and promoting
agro-processing industries can help farmers obtain better prices for their
produce.

Potential Areas for Improvement: To enhance agricultural productivity

and sustainability in Punjab, several areas warrant attention:

Conclusion: Agriculture in Punjab holds immense potential and remains

a crucial sector for the province's economy. By addressing the challenges
faced and focusing on areas for improvement, Punjab can further enhance
agricultural productivity, sustainable practices, and the overall well-being
of its farming communities.

GOREJA SEED CORPORATION

FAISALABAD, PVT OVERVIEW

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Introduction:
Goreja Seed Corporation is a renowned seed company headquartered in
Faisalabad, Pakistan. With over 10 years of experience in the seed
industry, the company has earned a strong reputation for delivering high-
quality seeds for a variety of crops, including cotton, wheat, rice, and
vegetables.
Core Values:
Commitment to quality and innovation
Customer-centric approach
Sustainability and environmental consciousness
Product Range: Goreja Seed Corporation offers a diverse range of seed

varieties to cater to the needs of farmers.

The product portfolio includes:
 Nutri Compost
 Desi Red Carrot Seed
 Radish F1 Hybrid Seeds
 Spinach All Green Seeds
 Turnip Seeds
 Radish Seeds
 Tulip Purple White Globe
 Turnip Golden Ball
Research and Development: The company has a dedicated research and
development team consisting of experienced agronomists and researchers.
They focus on developing new seed varieties that are well-adapted to the
local climate and soil conditions. Their efforts include enhancing pest and
disease resistance and improving drought tolerance to assist farmers in
achieving higher yields and profitability.
Production Facilities: Goreja Seed Corporation boasts state-of-the-art
production facilities equipped with modern technology and quality
control measures. These facilities ensure the production of seeds that
meet the highest standards of quality and purity.
Quality Assurance: The company places great emphasis on quality
assurance and adheres to international standards and regulations.
Rigorous quality control processes are implemented throughout the seed
production and packaging stages to maintain the integrity and
performance of the seeds.
Distribution Network: Goreja Seed Corporation has established a robust
distribution network that covers all major agricultural regions in Pakistan.
A team of dedicated sales representatives and distributors work closely
with farmers, providing them with tailored seed solutions to meet their
specific requirements. The company also maintains a user-friendly

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website, enabling farmers to easily access information about their
products and services.
Customer Support and Services: The company takes pride in offering
comprehensive customer support and services. It has a team of field
officers who provide training and technical assistance to farmers, helping
them optimize their crop yields and profitability. The company's
commitment to customer satisfaction is reflected in its responsive and
knowledgeable customer support team.
Sustainability Initiatives: Goreja Seed Corporation is deeply committed
to sustainable agriculture. The company implements modern farming
techniques and technologies to minimize water usage and reduce the need
for pesticides and fertilizers. By promoting responsible farming practices,
the company aims to reduce its environmental impact while ensuring
long-term agricultural sustainability.
Conclusion: Goreja Seed Corporation has emerged as a leading seed
company in Pakistan by providing farmers with high-quality seed
solutions and exceptional customer service. Its focus on innovation,
sustainability, and customer satisfaction has earned the company a strong
reputation in the industry. With its extensive research and development
program, diverse range of seed varieties, strong distribution network, and
commitment to sustainability, Goreja Seed Corporation is poised for
continued growth and success in the seed industry.

Products Profile

Product 1 : Nutri Compost

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Uses:

 Nutri Compost is a natural compost that serves as a valuable soil

amendment for various purposes, including:
 All-purpose turf care: It helps in maintaining lush and healthy lawns.
 Vegetable gardens: Nutri Compost provides essential nutrients for
robust vegetable growth and higher yields.
 Flower gardens: It promotes vibrant blooms and enhances the overall
health of flowering plants.
 Fruit gardens: Nutri Compost supports the growth and productivity of
fruit-bearing plants.

Price: Rs 2,050

Product 2: Desi Red Carrot Seed

Uses:
 Desi Red Carrot Seed is specifically developed for growing red
carrots, which are known for their vibrant color and sweet flavor.
 The seeds are suitable for home gardening, small-scale farming, or
commercial cultivation of red carrots.
 Weight: The package contains 1kg of Sungro Desi Red Carrot Seeds,
providing an ample quantity for sowing and cultivating a significant
carrot crop.

Price : Rs. 1650.00

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Product 3: Radish F1 Hybrid Seeds

Uses:
 Radish F1 Hybrid Seeds are specifically developed for growing
radishes that exhibit superior characteristics such as uniform size,
shape, and flavor.
 The seeds are suitable for home gardens, allotments, urban farming,
and commercial cultivation of radishes.
 Radishes are versatile vegetables that can be enjoyed fresh in salads,
pickled, or used in various culinary preparations.

Price: Rs. 1750.00

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Product 4 : Spinach All Green Seeds

Uses:
 Spinach is a nutritious leafy vegetable that is commonly used in
various culinary preparations. The leaves can be consumed raw in
salads, added to smoothies, or cooked in soups, stews, stir-fries, and
other dishes. Spinach is rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants,
making it a healthy addition to a balanced diet. Price: The price of
Spinach All Green Seeds may vary depending on the brand, seller,
and quantity. It is advisable to check with local gardening stores,
online seed suppliers, or agricultural catalogs for the current price.

Price : Rs 375.00

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Product 5: Turnip Seeds

Uses:
Turnip seeds are specifically bred for cultivating turnip plants, which
produce edible roots and nutritious leafy greens.
The seeds are suitable for home gardens, community gardens, and small-
scale farming.
Turnips are versatile vegetables that can be used in a variety of culinary
preparations, including soups, stews, salads, roasted dishes, and pickling.

Price: 1650.00

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Product 6: Radish Seeds

Uses:
Radish seeds are specifically bred for cultivating radish plants, which
produce edible roots and nutritious leafy greens.

The seeds are suitable for home gardens, community gardens, and small-
scale farming.

Radishes are versatile vegetables that can be used in a variety of culinary

preparations, including salads, sandwiches, stir-fries, pickling, and
garnishing.

Price: Rs. 1475.00

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Product 7: Tulip Purple White Globe

Uses:
 Garden decoration: The Tulip Purple White Globe adds a stunning
visual element to any garden or landscape. Its vibrant purple and
white petals create a striking contrast and can enhance the overall
aesthetics of flower beds, borders, and containers.
 Cut flowers: The tulip flowers can be cut and used in floral
arrangements to create beautiful bouquets and centerpieces. Their
unique colors and graceful shape make them a favorite choice for
flower enthusiasts and florists.

Price: Rs. 1475.00

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Product 8: Turnip Golden Ball

Uses: Turnip Golden Ball is a versatile vegetable that can be used in

various culinary preparations. The root bulb of the turnip can be cooked
and used in soups, stews, roasted dishes, or steamed as a side dish. The
sweet and slightly peppery flavor of Golden Ball turnips adds a unique
taste to salads and vegetable medleys. The leaves of the turnip plant,
known as turnip greens, are also edible and can be cooked or used in
salads for added nutritional value.

Price : Rs. 1475.00

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 Suggestions and Recommendations:

Suggestions and Recommendations for Goreja Seed Corporation:

Strengthen Research and Development: Continuously invest in

research and development activities to develop improved seed varieties
with enhanced traits such as higher yield potential, disease resistance, and
tolerance to environmental stresses. This will help Goreja Seed
Corporation maintain a competitive edge in the market and meet the
evolving needs of farmers.

Farmer Education and Training: Expand the company's efforts in

providing training and technical support to farmers. Conduct workshops,
seminars, and field demonstrations to educate farmers on best agronomic
practices, seed treatment techniques, and crop management strategies.
This will enable farmers to maximize the potential of Goreja Seed
Corporation's products and achieve optimal yields.

Collaborations with Agricultural Institutions: Foster partnerships with

agricultural research institutions, universities, and government
organizations to exchange knowledge, access cutting-edge research, and
leverage resources. Collaborative efforts can accelerate the development
of improved seed varieties and enhance the overall effectiveness of the
company's research and development programs.

Expand Product Portfolio: Continuously assess market demand and

explore opportunities to expand the product portfolio. Identify potential
crop varieties that are in high demand or show growth potential in the
market. By diversifying the product range, Goreja Seed Corporation can
cater to a broader customer base and capture new market segments.

Enhance Marketing and Branding Efforts: Invest in effective

marketing and branding strategies to increase brand visibility and
awareness. Develop informative and visually appealing marketing
materials, including brochures, catalogs, and online content, to showcase
the company's expertise, product range, and commitment to quality.
Utilize digital marketing platforms to reach a wider audience and engage
with potential customers.

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Strengthen Customer Relationship Management: Implement a robust
customer relationship management system to better understand customer
needs, preferences, and feedback. Regularly communicate with farmers to
gather insights, address concerns, and maintain strong relationships. Use
customer feedback to further improve products, services, and customer
satisfaction.

Embrace Sustainable Practices: Continuously evaluate and adopt

sustainable agricultural practices within the company's operations and
encourage their implementation among farmers. Promote water
conservation, integrated pest management, soil health management, and
other environmentally friendly approaches. Position Goreja Seed
Corporation as a leader in sustainable agriculture, fostering trust and
loyalty among environmentally conscious farmers.

Explore International Markets: Assess opportunities to expand into

international markets by complying with relevant regulations and
certifications. Conduct market research to identify target countries and
establish partnerships with local distributors or agricultural organizations.
International expansion can diversify revenue streams and broaden the
company's market reach.

Stay Updated on Industry Trends: Monitor industry trends,

technological advancements, and regulatory changes to stay ahead of the
competition. Attend industry conferences, trade shows, and seminars to
network with peers and gain insights into emerging market demands and
innovations. Embrace new technologies and incorporate them into the
company's operations to improve efficiency and effectiveness.

Continuous Improvement: Foster a culture of continuous improvement

within the organization. Regularly evaluate processes, systems, and
customer feedback to identify areas for enhancement. Encourage
employee involvement in suggesting improvements and implementing
innovative ideas to drive growth and maintain a competitive advantage.

Implementing these suggestions and recommendations will contribute to

the continued success and growth of Goreja Seed Corporation, enabling
the company to better serve farmers, expand its market presence, and
make a positive impact in the seed industry.

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 Conclusion:
Goreja Seed Corporation has emerged as a leading seed company in
Pakistan, known for its unwavering commitment to providing high-
quality seed solutions and exceptional customer service. Over the years,
the company has built a strong reputation and gained the trust of farmers
across the country.

Through its extensive research and development program, Goreja Seed

Corporation has demonstrated a keen understanding of the local
agricultural landscape. By investing in innovative breeding techniques
and advanced seed technologies, the company has been able to develop
seed varieties that are well-suited to the specific climatic and soil
conditions of Pakistan. This has empowered farmers to achieve higher
crop yields, improve their profitability, and secure their livelihoods.

The company's comprehensive product portfolio, ranging from staple

crops such as wheat, rice, and cotton to a variety of vegetables,
showcases its dedication to meeting the diverse needs of farmers. Goreja
Seed Corporation takes pride in offering a wide range of high-quality
seeds that are carefully selected and rigorously tested to ensure optimal
performance in the field.

Goreja Seed Corporation's distribution network, covering all major

agricultural regions in Pakistan, has played a pivotal role in ensuring that
its products reach farmers in a timely and efficient manner. The
company's sales representatives and distributors work closely with
farmers, providing them with personalized guidance and support to make
informed decisions about seed selection and crop management practices.

The company's emphasis on sustainability is commendable. By

promoting responsible farming practices and encouraging the adoption of
modern technologies, Goreja Seed Corporation actively contributes to the
preservation of natural resources and the long-term viability of the
agricultural sector. Its efforts to minimize water usage, reduce the
reliance on pesticides and fertilizers, and support soil health management
have positioned the company as a responsible player in the industry.

In the ever-evolving agricultural landscape, Goreja Seed Corporation

must continue to adapt and innovate. The company should maintain its
strong focus on research and development, leveraging the expertise of its
agronomists and researchers to continually improve seed traits and

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introduce new varieties that address emerging challenges faced by
farmers.

To expand its market presence, Goreja Seed Corporation should explore

opportunities beyond domestic borders. By venturing into international
markets, the company can tap into new customer bases, diversify its
revenue streams, and strengthen its position as a global seed supplier.

Marketing and branding efforts should be further enhanced to effectively

communicate the company's unique value proposition to farmers. By
utilizing various marketing channels, including digital platforms, the
company can raise awareness about its products, educate farmers about
their benefits, and build strong brand recognition and loyalty.

Continuous improvement should be ingrained in the company's culture.

Goreja Seed Corporation should foster a learning environment that
encourages employee engagement, promotes innovative thinking, and
embraces new technologies and industry best practices. This will enable
the company to stay at the forefront of advancements in the seed industry
and maintain its competitive edge.

In conclusion, Goreja Seed Corporation has established itself as a trusted

and forward-thinking seed company in Pakistan. Through its focus on
quality, innovation, customer service, and sustainability, the company has
not only contributed to the growth and success of farmers but has also
played a significant role in advancing the agricultural sector as a whole.
With its strong foundation and a commitment to continuous improvement,
Goreja Seed Corporation is well-equipped to navigate future challenges
and seize opportunities for further expansion and positive impact.

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 Refrences
PAKISTAN Agriculture overview:

"Agriculture Sector of Pakistan: An Overview." State Bank of Pakistan.

Available at: https://www.sbp.org.pk/reports/quarterly/fy18/Third/qtr-
3.pdf

"Agriculture in Pakistan." Embassy of Pakistan, Washington D.C.

Available at: https://www.embassyofpakistanusa.org/agriculture-in-
pakistan/

PAKISTAN Agro seed Industry Overview:

"Pakistan Seed Industry Overview." Pakistan Agricultural Research

Council. Available at: http://www.parc.gov.pk/index.php/en/seed-
industry/overview

"Seed Industry in Pakistan: Current Status, Issues and Future Directions."

National Seed Association of Pakistan. Available at:
https://www.nsapakistan.org/files/Publication/Pakistans_seed_industry_
MFJ%20141.pdf

Analysis of Agriculture in Punjab:

"Agriculture Sector Profile of Punjab." Punjab Agricultural Department.

Available at: http://www.agripunjab.gov.pk/agriculture-sector-profile

"Agriculture in Punjab, Pakistan." Punjab Agriculture Research Board.

Available at: http://www.parc.gov.pk/index.php/en/regions/nrsp/punjab

GOREJA SEED CORPORATION FAISALABAD, PVT:

Official website of Goreja Seed Corporation. Available at:

www.gorejaseed corporation.com

Company profile and information from relevant agricultural associations

or directories

https://www.facebook.com/p/Goreja-Seed-Corporation-
100063983888006

https://www.facebook.com/p/Goreja-Seed-Corporation-
100063983888006/

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