Projection of Planes

Introduction
In this module various plane figures are the objects:
What is usually asked in the problem?

To draw their projections means F.V, T.V. & S.V.

What will be given in the problem?

1. Description of the plane figure.

2. It’s position with HP and VP.

In which manner it’s position with HP & VP will be described?

1. Inclination of it’s SURFACE with one of the reference planes will be given.
2. Inclination of one of it’s EDGES with other reference plane will be given
(Hence this will be a case of an object inclined to both reference Planes.)

Study the illustration showing

surface & side inclination given on next slide
SURFACE PARALLEL TO HP SURFACE INCLINED TO HP ONE SMALL SIDE INCLINED TO VP
PICTORIAL PRESENTATION PICTORIAL PRESENTATION PICTORIAL PRESENTATION

ORTHOGRAPHIC ORTHOGRAPHIC ORTHOGRAPHIC

TV-True Shape FV- Inclined to XY FV- Apparent Shape
FV- Line // to xy TV- Reduced Shape TV-Previous Shape
VP d2’
VP VP c2’

a’ d’ a2’ b2’
b’ c’

a d a1 d1

b c b1 c1
A B C
HP HP HP
 PROCEDURE OF SOLVING THE PROBLEM:
IN THREE STEPS EACH PROBLEM CAN BE SOLVED: (As Shown In Previous Slide)
STEP 1. Assume suitable conditions & draw FV & TV of initial position.
STEP 2. Now consider surface inclination & draw 2nd FV & TV.
STEP 3. Then after, consider side/edge inclination and draw 3rd (final) FV & TV.

ASSUMPTIONS FOR INITIAL POSITION:

(Initial Position means assuming surface // to HP or VP)
1. If problem surface is inclined to HP – assume it // HP
Or If surface is inclined to VP – assume it // to VP
2. If surface is assumed // to HP- It’s TV will show True Shape.
Or If surface is assumed // to VP – It’s FV will show True Shape.
3. Hence begin with drawing TV or FV as True Shape.
4. While drawing the True Shape – keep one side/edge (which is making
inclination) perpendicular to XY line
(Similar to pair no. A on previous slide).

Now Complete STEP 2. By making surface inclined to the plane & project it’s other view.
(Ref. 2nd pair B on previous slide)

Now Complete STEP 3. By making side inclined to the plane & project it’s other view.
(Ref. 3nd pair C on previous slide)
 Larger side is parallel to HP Larger side is parallel to VP
Smaller side is on HP Smaller side is on VP
Surface is perpendicular to VP Surface is perpendicular to HP
a’b’ c’ d’ a' d'
X a Y
d

b' c'
b c X Y
a b c d
a' b'
Smaller side is parallel to HP
Larger side is on HP
Surface is perpendicular to VP
a’ d’ b’ c’
X Y
a b

X d' c' Y
ad b c
Smaller side is parallel to VP
Larger side is on VP
Surface is perpendicular to HP
d c
Problem 1:
Rectangle 30mm and 50mm sides is resting on HP on its smaller side which
is 300 inclined to VP, while the surface of the plane makes 450 inclination
with HP. Draw it’s projections when its surface is perpendicular to VP.

Surface Inclined to HP

d1’ c1’ c’2 d’2

Surface // to HP

b1’
a’b’ c’d’ a1’ 450 b’2 a’2 Y
X
300
a d a1 d1

b c b1 c1

Side Inclined to VP
Problem 2:
Rectangle 30mm and 50mm sides is resting on VP on its smaller side which
is 300 inclined to HP, while the surface of the plane makes 450 inclination
with VP. Draw it’s projections when its surface is perpendicular to HP.

c’2

a1’ d1’
a' d' d’2
b’2

c' a’2
b' b1’ c1’
300 Y
X
a b c d a1 450 a2 b2
b1

Surface // to VP
d1
c1 d2 c2
Surface Inclined to VP

Side Inclined to HP
Problem 3:
An isoscales triangle ABC having its base AB = 40 mm and altitude 60 mm
is resting on the HP on its base. Draw the projections of the plane when its
surface is inclined to HP at an angle of 45° and the base AB which is on the
HP is making an angle of 30° to the VP.

Surface Inclined to HP
c1’ c’2

Surface // to HP

b1’
a’b’ c’ a1’ 450 b’2 a’2 Y
X
300
a a1
c1
c
b b1

Side Inclined to VP
Problem 4:
A 300–600 set square of longest side 100 mm long, is in VP and 300 inclined
to HP while it’s surface is 450 inclined to VP. Draw it’s projections.

a’ a’1

c’ c’1
c’2

a’2

b’2
b’1
b’
300
X a c a1 a2 Y
450 b2
b b1
c c2
Surface // to VP

Side Inclined to VP
Surface Inclined to HP
Problem 5:
A 300–600 set square of longest side 100 mm long is in VP and it’s surface
450 inclined to VP. One end of longest side is 10 mm and other end is 35
mm above HP. Draw it’s projections.

a’ a’1

c’ c’1
c’2
a’2

35
b’2
b’ b’1
10
X a b c a1 b1 450 a2 b2
Y

c1 c2
Surface // to VP

Side Inclined to VP
Problem 6:
Square plate of 40mm sides is resting on VP one of its corners in such a way
that its surface makes an angle of 300 with the HP, while the surface of the
plane makes 450 inclination with VP. Draw it’s projections when its surface
is perpendicular to HP.

d' d1’

a1’ c1’
a' c'

?
b' b1’
X a1 Y
a bd c 450
b1
Side Inclined to HP
d1 c1
Surface // to VP

Surface Inclined to VP
Problem 7:
A regular pentagon of 30 mm sides is resting on HP on one of it’s sides with
it’s surface 450 inclined to HP. Draw it’s projections when the side in HP
makes 300 angle with VP.

Surface Inclined to HP
d1’ d’2
c1’e1’ e’2
Surface // to HP c’2

b’ a’ c’e’ d’ b1’ a1’ 450

a’2 b’2
X Y
a2 300
e e1
a1 b2
a e2

d1
d
d2 c2
b1
b

c c1 Side Inclined to VP
Problem 8:
A regular pentagon of 30 mm sides is resting on HP on one of it’s corner
with it’s surface 450 inclined to HP. The side of the pentagon which is
opposite of the corner, which is on HP, is inclined 300 to VP. Draw the
projections of plane.
Surface Inclined to HP
d1’ c1’ d’2 c’2

Surface // to HP b1’e1’ e’2

b’2
a’ b’ e’ d’ c’ a1’ 450 a’2
X Y
d2 300
e e1

d d1 c2
e2

a a1
a2 b2
c c1
b1 Side Inclined to VP
b
Problem 9:
A regular pentagon of 30 mm sides is resting on HP on one of it’s side while
it’s opposite vertex (corner) is 30 mm above HP. Draw projections when side
in HP is 300 inclined to VP.

Surface Inclined to HP
d1’ d’2
Surface // to HP c1’e1’
30
e’2 c’2
a1’
b’ a’ c’e’ d’ b1’ a’2 b’2
X Y
e1 a2 300
e

a a1 b2
e2

d d1
d2 c2
b b1

c c1
Side Inclined to VP
Problem 10:
A rhombus of diagonals 40 mm and 70 mm long respectively has one end of
it’s longer diagonal in HP while that diagonal is 450 inclined to HP. If the
top-view of the same diagonal makes 300 inclination with VP, draw it’s
projections.

Surface Inclined to HP

c’1 c’2
Surface // to HP
d’1 b’2
b’1
d’2
a’ b’ d’ c’ a’1 450 a’2
X 300
Y
d d1
a2 d2
a c a1 c1

b b1 b2 c2

Side Inclined to VP
Problem 11:
A circle of 50 mm diameter is resting on HP on end A of it’s diameter AC
which is 300 inclined to HP while it’s TV is 450 inclined to VP. Draw it’s
projections.

Surface Inclined to HP

Surface // to HP
c’2
b’2
a’ c’ a’2 d’2
X b’ d’ 300
Y
450
d d1

a c a1 c1

b b1
Side Inclined to VP