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Mukund N N_2021
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CHRIST is a nurturing ground for an individual’s Excellence and Service Faith in God | Moral Uprightness
holistic development to make effective contribution to Love of Fellow Beings
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 ELE 331 : Communication Electronics

Online Session 10

Mukund N Naragund
Associate Professor
Dept. of Physics and Electronics
20 Sept 2021 CHRIST (Deemed to be University)
Bengaluru-29
Mukund N N_2021
MISSION VISION CORE VALUES
CHRIST is a nurturing ground for an individual’s Excellence and Service Faith in God | Moral Uprightness
holistic development to make effective contribution to Love of Fellow Beings
the society in a dynamic environment Social Responsibility | Pursuit of Excellence
 CHRIST
Deemed to be University

Session Outline
❖ Introduction to digital modulation
❖ digital carrier system
❖ Advantages and limitations of digital modulation
❖ Characteristics of digital transmission circuits

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Mukund N N_2021 Next………Introduction to digital modulation

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What is Digital Modulation system?

❑ The information signal comprising of voice, video is an analog signal.
❑ The digital modulation system converts this information signal into a digital signal
which in turn modulates a high frequency analog signal (a sine wave).
❑ This is referred to as digital carrier system because the carrier is digitally
modulated. This digitally modulated signal is then transmitted.
❑ Digital modulation system receives analog signal, converts it into digital form, it
then modulates an analog carrier and then transmitted

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Comparison between analog modulation and digital

modulation systems
Analog Modulation Digital Modulation
Both modulating and carrier signals are Modulating signal is a digital signal and
analog signals carrier is an analog signal

The change in carrier parameter is The change in carrier parameter

proportional to the instantaneous value depends only on two values of
of modulating signal amplitude modulating signal amplitude

The modulated signal is also an analog The output wave is a digitally modulated
signal analog signal

Easy process for voice transmission Complex process due to the need for
analog to digital conversion

More noise interference Less noise interference

Transmission of voice with other data is Mixture of data and digitized voice can
not possible be transmitted
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Advantages of digital modulation

❑ less susceptible to waveform distortion, crosstalk and noise
❑ the signal to noise performance of the system increases linearly with the
number of bits used per sample
❑ digital transmission allows multiplexing of digital data, voice, video
❑ highly economical interface to the digital switching systems
❑ advancement in integrated circuit technology resulted in efficient digital
signal processing
❑ for secured communication, efficient encryption and decryption
processes can be employed

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Need for Encoding

➢ The digital communication systems use analog to digital conversion
➢ The channel capacity (bits per second) depends on the available
bandwidth
➢ In order to utilize the bandwidth efficiently the signal is encoded
➢ Various encoding techniques are used to reduce the redundancies in
signal
➢ Encoding schemes detect and correct the errors in the digital
transmission
➢ Encoding also provides security to the transmission

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Process of encoding

❖ In a digital communication system, the output of quantizer is mapped to

a binary sequence using an encoding table
❖ The encoding table lists out the quantization levels and corresponding
binary code.
❖ In a typical system, for 2n levels, n bit code is generated
❖ In order to transmit the binary code in available bandwidth the encoded
signaling elements are transmitted

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Characteristics of digital transmission circuits

Channel (Information) capacity

Shannon-Hartley Law
Bit rate and Baud rate
Cross talk
Noise
Bandwidth

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Information (Channel) capacity

It is an important specification of the communication channel. The channel capacity is
expressed as the number of bits transmitted through a channel in a given unit of time.
It is usually denoted by bits per second (bps).
Shannon-Hartley Law
The Shannon’s law relates the channel capacity to the bandwidth and the signal to
noise ratio. It shows that, the channel capacity is directly proportional to the bandwidth
and the signal to noise ratio as given below;
or

where, C = channel capacity in bits per second

B = bandwidth in Hz and S/N = signal to noise ratio
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Attendance

Next……Numerical examples

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Q&A

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Thank you

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