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“Learn from yesterday,

live for today, hope for
tomorrow. The
important thing is not to
stop questioning.”
 STE 9 - Amber

"THURSDAY FACTS"
PRESENTS
ALBERT EINSTEIN!

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who is he?
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical
physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the
greatest and most influential physicists of all time.
Einstein is best known for developing the theory of
relativity, but he also made important
contributions to the development of the theory of
quantum mechanics.
Facts about Einstein
One of the famous genuises
with estimated IQ level of 160!
Best known for his equation E = mc2,
which states that energy and mass
(matter) are the same thing, just in
different forms.
He is a pacifist meaning he
opposes war or violence as a
means of settling disputes.
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His family is Jewish
Discoverer of the photoelectric
effect, for which he won the
Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921
He is also known as a Philosopher
He had violin lessons, which he had
from age six to age thirteen
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Einstein contributed more than any other scientist

to the modern vision of physical reality. His special
and general theories of relativity are still regarded
as the most satisfactory model of the large-scale
universe that we have.

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 Early Life and Education
Einstein excelled at math and physics from a young age, reaching a
mathematical level years ahead of his peers. The 12-year-old Einstein taught
himself algebra and Euclidean geometry over a single summer.Einstein also
independently discovered his own original proof of the Pythagorean theorem
aged 12. A family tutor Max Talmud says that after he had given the 12-year-
old Einstein a geometry textbook, after a short time "[Einstein] had worked
through the whole book. He thereupon devoted himself to higher
mathematics ... Soon the flight of his mathematical genius was so high I could
not follow."His passion for geometry and algebra led the 12-year-old to
become convinced that nature could be understood as a "mathematical
structure".Einstein started teaching himself calculus at 12, and as a 14-year-
old he says he had "mastered integral and differential calculus".
 Early Life and Education
At the age of 13, when he had become more seriously interested in philosophy
(and music), Einstein was introduced to Kant's Critique of Pure Reason. Kant
became his favorite philosopher, his tutor stating: "At the time he was still a child,
only thirteen years old, yet Kant's works, incomprehensible to ordinary mortals,
seemed to be clear to him."
At 15, stayed in Munich to finish his studies at the Luitpold Gymnasium. His father
intended for him to pursue electrical engineering, but Einstein clashed with the
authorities and resented the school's regimen and teaching method. He later
wrote that the spirit of learning and creative thought was lost in strict rote
learning. At the end of December 1894, he traveled to Italy to join his family in
Pavia, convincing the school to let him go by using a doctor's note. During his time
in Italy, he wrote a short essay with the title "On the Investigation of the State of
the Ether in a Magnetic Field".
 Early Life and Education
In 1895, at the age of 16, Einstein took the entrance examinations for the
Swiss Federal polytechnic school in Zürich (later the Eidgenössische
Technische Hochschule, ETH). He failed to reach the required standard in
the general part of the examination, but obtained exceptional grades in
physics and mathematics.[36] On the advice of the principal of the
polytechnic school, he attended the Argovian cantonal school
(gymnasium) in Aarau, Switzerland, in 1895 and 1896 to complete his
secondary schooling. In September 1896 he passed the Swiss Matura with
mostly good grades, including a top grade of 6 in physics and
mathematical subjects, on a scale of 1–6. At 17, he enrolled in the four-
year mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Federal
polytechnic school.
Einstein's Works
Einstein attended secondary school at Aarau planning to use this
01 route to enter the ETH in Zürich.

He planned to graduate as a teacher of mathematics and physics

02 and indeed Einstein succeeded after graduating in 1900.

By mid 1901 he had a temporary job as a teacher, teaching

03 mathematics at the Technical High School in Winterthur. Another
temporary position teaching in a private school in Schaffhausen
followed.

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Einstein's Works
Einstein was then appointed as a technical expert third class in a
04 patent office in Bern. Einstein worked in this patent office from
1902 to 1909, holding a temporary post when he was first
appointed, but by 1904 the position was made permanent and in
1906 he was promoted to technical expert second class.

While in the Bern patent office he completed an astonishing range

05 of theoretical physics publications, written in his spare time without
the benefit of close contact with scientific literature or colleagues.

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Einstein's Works
Einstein earned a doctorate from the University of Zürich in 1905 for
06
a thesis On a new determination of molecular dimensions.
In the first of three papers, all written in 1905, Einstein examined the
phenomenon discovered by Max Planck, according to which
07 electromagnetic energy seemed to be emitted from radiating objects
in discrete quantities. Einstein used Planck's quantum hypothesis to
describe the electromagnetic radiation of light.

08 Einstein's second 1905 paper proposed what is today called the special
theory of relativity.
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Einstein's Works
09 Later in 1905 Einstein showed how mass and energy were equivalent.

The third of Einstein's papers of 1905 concerned statistical mechanics,

10 a field of that had been studied by Ludwig Boltzmann and Josiah Gibbs.

After 1905 Einstein continued working in the areas described above. He

made important contributions to quantum theory, but he sought to
11
extend the special theory of relativity to phenomena involving
acceleration.
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Einstein's Works
In 1908 Einstein became a lecturer at the University of Bern after
12 submitting his Habilitation thesis Consequences for the constitution of
radiation following from the energy distribution law of black bodies.
By 1909 Einstein was recognised as a leading scientific thinker and in
13 that year he resigned from the patent office. He was appointed a
full professor at the Karl-Ferdinand University in Prague in 1911.
1911 was a very significant year for Einstein since he was able to make
preliminary predictions about how a ray of light from a distant star,
14 passing near the Sun, would appear to be bent slightly, in the direction
of the Sun.

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Einstein's works
About 1912, Einstein began a new phase of his
15
gravitational research, with the help of his
mathematician friend Marcel Grossmann, by expressing
his work in terms of the tensor calculus of Tullio Levi-
Civita and Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro. Einstein called his
new work the general theory of relativity. He moved
from Prague to Zürich in 1912 to take up a chair at the
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule in Zürich.

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Einstein's Works
Einstein returned to Germany in 1914 but did not reapply for German
citizenship. What he accepted was an impressive offer. It was a
17 research position in the Prussian Academy of Sciences together with a
chair (but no teaching duties) at the University of Berlin. He was also
offered the directorship of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics in
Berlin which was about to be established.
late in 1915, the definitive version of general theory. Just before
18 publishing this work he lectured on general relativity at Göttingen.
When British eclipse expeditions in 1919 confirmed his predictions,
Einstein was idolised by the popular press.

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Einstein's Works
During 1921 Einstein made his first visit to the United States. His
main reason was to raise funds for the planned Hebrew University
19 of Jerusalem. However he received the Barnard Medal during his
visit and lectured several times on relativity. He is reported to have
commented to the chairman at the lecture he gave in a large hall
at Princeton which was overflowing with people.

Einstein received the Nobel Prize in 1921 but not for relativity
20
rather for his 1905 work on the photoelectric effect.

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Einstein's Works
Among further honours which Einstein received were the Copley
21 Medal of the Royal Society in 1925 and the Gold Medal of the Royal
Astronomical Society in 1926.
Niels Bohr and Einstein were to carry on a debate on quantum theory
22 which began at the Solvay Conference in 1927.
He made many contributions to peace during his life. In 1944 he made
a contribution to the war effort by hand writing his 1905 paper on
23 special relativity and putting it up for auction. It raised six million
dollars, the manuscript today being in the Library of Congress.

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 Einstein
The said list of Einstein's education and
works goes to prove that he really have a
lot of contribution in the field of science and
also in peace. This shows that he deserves
to be widely acknowledge and trully is a
genius. After knowing his many works many
would call him an amazing person. But like
other people the genius also made mistakes
and have his flaws.
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 Mistakes of Einstein
Albert Einstein was certainly the greatest physicist of the 20th century, and one of the
greatest scientists of all time. It may seem presumptuous to talk of mistakes made by
such a towering figure, especially in the centenary of his annus mirabilis. But the
mistakes made by leading scientists often provide a better insight into the spirit and
presuppositions of their times than do their successes. Also, for those of us who have
made our share of scientific errors, it is mildly consoling to note that even Einstein
made mistakes. Perhaps most important, by showing that we are aware of mistakes
made by even the greatest scientists, we set a good example to those who follow
other supposed paths to truth. We recognize that our most important scientific
forerunners were not prophets whose writings must be studied as infallible guides—
they were simply great men and women who prepared the ground for the better
understandings we have now achieved
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 Cosmological Constant
called the biggest blunder he had made in his life: the introduction of the
cosmological constant. After Einstein had completed the formulation of his
theory of space, time, and gravitation—the general theory of relativity—he
turned in 1917 to a consideration of the spacetime structure of the whole
universe. He then encountered a problem. Einstein was assuming that, when
suitably averaged over many stars, the universe is uniform and essentially static,
but the equations of general relativity did not seem to allow a time-independent
solution for a universe with a uniform distribution of matter. So Einstein modified
his equations, by including a new term involving a quantity that he called the
cosmological constant. Then it was discovered that the universe is not static, but
expanding. Einstein came to regret that he had needlessly mutilated his original
theory. It may also have bothered him that he had missed predicting the
expansion of the universe.
 Contra Quantum Mechanics

The other mistake that is widely attributed to Einstein is that he was on

the wrong side in his famous debate with Niels Bohr over quantum
mechanics, starting at the Solvay Congress of 1927 and continuing into
the 1930s. In brief, Bohr had presided over the formulation of a
“Copenhagen interpretation” of quantum mechanics, in which it is only
possible to calculate the probabilities of the various possible outcomes
of experiments. Einstein rejected the notion that the laws of physics
could deal with probabilities, famously decreeing that God does not
play dice with the cosmos. But history gave its verdict against Einstein
—quantum mechanics went on from success to success, leaving
Einstein on the sidelines.
 Attempts at unification
Einstein’s rejection of quantum mechanics contributed, in the years
from the 1930s to his death in 1955, to his isolation from other
research in physics, but there was another factor. Perhaps Einstein’s
greatest mistake was that he became the prisoner of his own
successes. It is the most natural thing in the world, when one has
scored great victories in the past, to try to go on to further victories
by repeating the tactics that previously worked so well. Think of the
advice given to Egypt’s President Gamal Abd al-Nasser by an
apocryphal Soviet military attaché at the time of the 1956 Suez
crisis: “Withdraw your troops to the center of the country, and wait
for winter.”
 Einstein's Flaws
Learning Disabilities
He had learning disabilities. Einstein was a late
Unfaithfulness
The genius was also sadly an unfaithful
talker. He didn't start speaking comfortably
until he was nearly 6 years old. . Scientists now husband to his first wife, Mileva Maric,
agree that Einstein had a significant learning and eventually left her to marry his
disorder that today would be diagnosed as mistress, Elsa Einstein, who was also his
ADHD and/or dyslexia cousin.
Smoking
The genius was a known smoker. He
was a lifelong member of the
Montreal Pipe Smokers Club. This
contributed to his chronic illness.
 What happened next?
By 1949 Einstein was unwell. A spell in hospital helped him recover but he began to
prepare for death by drawing up his will in 1950. He left his scientific papers to
the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, a university which he had raised funds for on
his first visit to the USA, served as a governor of the university from 1925 to 1928
but he had turned down the offer of a post in 1933 as he was very critical of its
administration.
One more major event was to take place in his life. After the death of the first
president of Israel in 1952, the Israeli government decided to offer the post of
second president to Einstein. He refused but found the offer an embarrassment
since it was hard for him to refuse without causing offence.

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 What happened next?
One week before his death Einstein signed his last
letter. It was a letter to Bertrand Russell in which he
agreed that his name should go on a manifesto
urging all nations to give up nuclear weapons. It is
fitting that one of his last acts was to argue, as he
had done all his life, for international peace.

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Death
Albert Einstein died on the 18th of April, 1955, due to an
abdominal aortic aneurysm that burst and caused internal
bleeding. This aneurysm was previously repaired in 1948 by
German surgeon Rudolph Nissen. However, on the day before
Einstein’s death, the surgical support fell apart, which led to a
fatal rupture. At the time, Einstein was writing down the draft of
a speech he was planning to deliver on television in connection
with Israel’s seventh founding anniversary. He decided to take his
draft with him to the hospital, hoping to complete his speech.
Unfortunately, he ran out of time.
Death
At Princeton Hospital, where Einstein was brought, he declined to have
surgery done on the aneurysm. He was quoted as saying, “I want to go when
I want. It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. I have done my share; it is
time to go. I will do it elegantly.” He died the following morning, aged 76.
Within seven and a half hours of Einstein’s death, the pathologist Thomas
Stoltz Harvey took out the famous physicist’s brain from his cranium
without approval from his family. He hoped that neuroscientists of the
future would be able to study the preserved brain and be able to learn what
made the physicist so intelligent. Stoltz then took the brain to the University
of Pennsylvania, slicing it into several pieces. He kept some of the samples to
himself while giving the others to eminent pathologists.
 what can we learn in his life?
After knowing about Albert Einstein we can learn from him that failures are a
part of success. Persistency and determination are needed to reach our
dreams. After Einstein failed his examination he studied hard to reach his
goal.

As child he was a late talker and had learning disablity but this didn't became
a hindrance to him. He grew widely known and became a genius .

He is an inspiration to us youth. Einstein was an odd child and as he grew he

liked to question things. But he did not feared to be different. He did not let
his failure stop him from acheiving his dreams. He dreamed and imagined. He
is an inspiration to us, to use our minds, study hard, never stop learning, be
persistent and be determined to make our dreams and imaginations come
true.
what can we learn
in his life?
Aside form those, we can also learn from him
that genius doesn't mean perfect. Those
poeple that we view as an amazing person
also have their flaws and make mistakes as
well. In the process of success there are first
errors in the making.
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Who is she?
Oprah Gail Winfrey, often referred to
mononymously as Oprah, is an American talk show
host, television producer, actress, author, and
philanthropist. She is best known for her talk show,
The Oprah Winfrey Show, broadcast from Chicago,
which ran in national syndication for 25 years, from
1986 to 2011.
 Facts about Oprah
Winfrey was named "Orpah" after
the biblical character in the Book
of Ruth on her birth certificate,
but people mispronounced it
regularly and "Oprah" stuck
As a child, Oprah Winfrey was
nicknamed "The Preacher" for
her ability to recite Bible verses
as her grandmother often took
her to church
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Winfrey was born the
daughter of an unwed teen.
Oprah Winfrey is at least 8%
Native American--something
she discovered when
undergoing a DNA test for
the PBS show African
American Lives.
Winfrey was nominated for an
Academy Award for Best
Supporting Actress for her role in
Steven Spielberg's The Color
Purple.
Oprah Winfrey is the first
black woman billionaire
and the richest African-
American woman.
She is also referred to
by many as the most
influential woman in the
world.
At age 17, Winfrey won
the Miss Black
Tennessee beauty
pageant.
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Winfrey is also a committed philanthropist, providing

significant assistance to schools (Morehouse College,
Tennessee State University, Chicago Academy of Arts) as
well as to the Chicago Public Schools. She also funds
battered women's shelters and campaigns to catch child
abusers.

Page 02 of 15
 Life
Oprah Winfrey is an American television personality, actress, and entrepreneur
whose syndicated daily talk show was among the most popular of the genre. She
became one of the richest and most influential women in the United States.
Winfrey moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at age six to live with her mother. In her
early teens, she was sent to Nashville to live with her father, who proved to be a
positive influence in her life. Winfrey received a full scholarship to Tennessee
State University but left to pursue a career in broadcasting; she eventually
earned her degree in 1986. At age 19 she became a news anchor for the local CBS
television station, and in 1976 she was made a reporter and co-anchor for the
ABC news affiliate in Baltimore, Maryland. She found herself constrained by the
objectivity required of news reporting, and in 1977 she became cohost of the
Baltimore morning show People Are Talking.
 Life
Winfrey excelled in the casual and personal talk-show format, and in 1984
she moved to Chicago to host the faltering talk show AM Chicago. Winfrey’s
honest and engaging personality quickly turned the program into a
success, and in 1985 it was renamed The Oprah Winfrey Show. Syndicated
nationally in 1986, the program became the highest-rated television talk
show in the United States and earned several Emmy Awards.
In 1985 Winfrey appeared in Steven Spielberg’s adaptation of Alice
Walker’s 1982 novel The Color Purple. Her critically acclaimed performance
led to other roles, including a performance in the television miniseries The
Women of Brewster Place (1989). Winfrey formed her own television
production company, Harpo Productions, Inc., in 1986, and a film
production company, Harpo Films, in 1990.
 Story of Abuse
While Winfrey, has been open about her success and obstacles she had to
overcome to get there, she stayed quiet about her own experience with
sexual abuse — specifically, that she was molested by her cousin, an uncle
and a family friend as a young girl.

Although Winfrey chose to keep the truth locked up for decades, she first felt
the urge to reveal her story to comfort a sexual assault victim on her former
talk show, People Are Talking.

In her mental health series "The Me You Can't See" which she created in
collaboration with Prince Harry. She opened up about the lasting trauma
caused by the sexual assaults that she was subjected to until the age of 14.
 Story of Abuse
During the first episode Oprah discussed her own childhood trauma,
explaining that she didn't even know what sex and rape were when her 19-
year-old cousin began raping her as a child — but the experience taught her
that young girls are never safe.

“It happened to me at 9, and then 10, and then 11, and then 12, 13, 14. You
don’t have the language to begin to explain what’s happening to you,” the A
Wrinkle in Time star told PEOPLE for the March 12, 2018 cover story. “That’s
why you feel you’re not going to be believed. And if the abuser, the molester,
is any good, they will make you feel that you are complicit, that you were
part of it. That’s what keeps you from telling.”
 Story of Abuse
You see there really is no darker secret than sexual abuse,” she said at the
time. “I am telling you about myself so that maybe the closet where so many
sexual abuse victims and their abusers hide might swing open just a crack
today, and let some light in.”

Throughout her career, the talk show host has produced more than 200
episodes about sexual abuse.

On Nov. 5, 2010, the "Oprah Winfrey Show" invited 200 male molestation
survivors to appear. The watershed episode has been recognized for how it
challenged cultural norms about sexual abuse and male survivors.
Oprah's Works
Winfrey is a producer, actress, television icon. She was the
01
first Black American woman to own her own production
company. She was nominated for an Academy Award in her
first movie, The Color Purple. Winfrey was once television’s
highest-paid entertainer as the successful host of a
syndicated television talk show that reached 15 million
people a day. The Oprah Show lasted for twenty-five
seasons.

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Oprah's Works
She also does all that she can to eradicate child abuse. As a
02
victim herself, Winfrey knows the damage abuse does to
young lives. She was a major force in the drafting, lobbying,
and passage of the National Child Protection Act. The Act
was signed into law by President Clinton in 1994. The Act
establishes a national registry of child abusers to help
employers and those working with children to screen out
dangerous people.

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Oprah's Works
Oprah Winfrey engaged in numerous philanthropic activities,
03 including the creation of Oprah's Angel Network, which sponsors
charitable initiatives worldwide. In 2007 she opened a $40 million
school for disadvantaged girls in South Africa.
Winfrey is also a committed philanthropist, providing significant
03
assistance to schools (Morehouse College, Tennessee State
University, Chicago Academy of Arts) as well as to the Chicago
Public Schools. She also funds battered women’s shelters and
campaigns to catch child abusers

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 Oprah
The said works Oprah shows how she trully is
an influential person. She was once poor as a
child and abused but worked hard and became
succesful - highest paid entertainer. The
money she earned because of her hard work,
she used it to help people, especially victims
of abuse. She used her power and influence in
order to protect the people that experiences
the same hardship and pain she experienced.
Also to prevent more people experiencing it.
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Despite of being the highest paid entertainer her greatest

works are her philanthropist activites, charities, and help to the
victims of abuse. These works of her are what made her great
as a person. These works of her are what helps the world
better especially for young girls, women and abuse victims. She
helped them be seen and be able to speak up for theirselves.
 what can we learn in her life?
We can learn from her that we can overcome our
hardships and we can use this hardship as a
motivation for us to become successful. That our
succes begins in us. She is also an inspiration to us to
help others.

As her quote said “It doesn’t matter who you are,

where you come from. The ability to triumph begins
with you – always”
what can we learn in her life?
But most importantly she is a big
inspiration to those that are
experiencing abuse. She is an
inspiration to overcome your fears
and speak up about your own
experience of abuse.
Presentation by Group 4 STE 9 - Amber

Thank
You!