Scientific

Revolution
 Agenda

• Timeline

• Concept

• Causes

• Views of the Universe

• Galilei and Newton

 French
Scientific Revolution Revolution

XIX Century
Enlightenment

1543 1650 1789 1799

 Concept

• Changes in the World view

• Knowledge (access and diffusion)

• Discoveries

• Criticism of old Thesis

Causes
• Universities

• Natural Philosophy

• Experimentation vs Observation

• Demystification of the Universe

• Printing

• Scientific method
Bologna (1088) Cambridge (1209)

Oxford (1096) Padua (1222)

Salamanca (1134) Paris (1253)

View of the Universe
 Aristotelian view
• Geocentric view (4 century
bC)

• Motionless Earth as the center

• All bodies of the universe

revolve around the Earth

• Circular orbits

• Earth compose by heavy

elements, while celestial
bodies were weightless
Ptolemaic view

• Complicated rules that explain

irregular movements of
planets

• Mathematical prove of the

Geocentric view

• Helps the tracking of planets

 Copernican view
• 16th century

• Monk, mathematician and

astronomer

• “On the revolutions of the

Heavenly Spheres”

• Heliocentric view

• Heavily criticized
 Kepler’s view
• Formulation of the 3 laws of
planetary motion:



- Elliptical orbits



- Non-uniform speed of
movement



- Time of orbits, related with
their distance with the Sun

• Mathematical prove of the

Heliocentric view
Galileo Galilei
 Galileo Galilei

• Update the Telescope

• Analysis of the moon = Not a

luminous object

• Observation vs Experimental
Method
Galileo Galilei
• Experimentation

• Law of inertia: movement of

the objects

• Sailing ship example:

movement of the Earth

• Law of fall

• Accused for contradict the

Bible
Issac Newton
 Issac Newton
• “Principia”: Law of universal
gravitation

• Analyses Copernicus view, plus

Kepler’s view and used Galileo’s
physics

• Every body in the universe

attracts every other body

• Attraction is proportional to the

QUANTITY of MASS of the
objects and inversely
proportional to the square of the
DISTANCE between them.
 Activity

• Teams of 5

• Repeat Galileo experiments or prove one of Newton's

Laws in video.
 Consequences of the
Scientific Revolution

• Creation of a scientific
community

• Scholars engage in
discourse about theories and
ideas

• Expansion of knowledge
 Consequences of the
Scientific Revolution

• Practical and applied

science

• Change in how
people thought and
believed
Scientific
Method